Stable isotope geochemistry of marbles from the coesite UHP terrains of Dabieshan and Sulu, China

Marbles from Dabieshan and Sulu, China, suffered ultra high pressure (UHP) metamorphism in the coesite–eclogite facies at approximately 700°C and 30 kbars during Triassic continental collision and subduction. The marbles range in isotopic composition from +7 to +25 δ¹⁸O_VSMOW and from 0 to +6 δ¹³C_VPDB. High δ¹³C values are representative of unmodified protoliths and are similar to those of ¹³C-enriched Sinian carbonate rocks from the Yangtze craton. High oxygen isotope ratios reflect pristine protoliths but the low values may have been caused by infiltration of low ¹⁸O meteoric water during diagenesis and dolomitization, by fracture-controlled infiltration of water during subduction, by metamorphic mineral reactions, or by a combination of these processes. No evidence of regional isotopic transport during UHP metamorphism has been found. Sampling on scales of 1 to 100 m shows marbles to be inhomogeneous in both carbon and oxygen isotopes. Only samples separated by less than 10 cm have equilibrated oxygen and carbon isotope compositions. Limited isotopic equilibration between adjacent rocks is consistent with the preservation of unaltered UHP minerals and indicates that the metamorphic fluid–rock system was rock-dominated during and following peak metamorphism. A freely flowing, pervasive fluid phase was not present during UHP metamorphism. There is no evidence of isotopic exchange between marble and the upper mantle into which it was subducted. Correlation of geochemical similarities of UHP marbles with Sinian limestones implies that the subducted edge of the Yangtze craton extends at least as far north as the coesite–eclogite facies rocks of Dabieshan. Deposition of protolith carbonates may have taken place in a cold climate either preceding or following but not coincident with Neoproterozoic glaciation.     

滇西怒江－高黎贡构造带内花岗岩的侵位过程及其对特提斯演化过程的响应

高黎贡构造带的花岗岩,其分布受怒江深断裂的控制。花岗岩体沿着怒江断裂带呈南北向分布,总体表现为一个狭长的透镜体。远离怒江断裂的西侧,花岗岩具有块状构造,中粗粒结构;靠近怒江深断裂,花岗岩具有条带状构造,糜棱结构。花岗岩属于强过铝高钾钙碱性系列,其岩浆锆石SHRIMP年龄为124~118 Ma,糜棱岩化花岗岩新生黑云母Ar-Ar年龄为18~10 Ma,与北侧波密－察隅花岗岩结晶年龄（116 Ma）、变形年龄（18~12 Ma）一致,表明高黎贡花岗岩带是喜马拉雅东构造结大转弯花岗岩带的南延部分。沿着花岗岩带向南西方向依次是小龙河花岗岩（76 Ma）到盈江花岗岩（37 Ma）,逐渐变年轻,体现一个有序的侵位过程。上述特征表明,波密－察隅－高黎贡构造带花岗岩侵位时间为124~116 Ma,代表怒江深断裂的走滑高峰主体变形发生在中新世(18~10 Ma),与喀喇昆仑断裂带走滑高峰、藏南南北向裂谷系、哀牢山－红河断裂带的走滑高峰等在时间上耦合一致,可能预示中新世时期,南北向挤压、拉萨地块的东西向伸展及后期旋转,造成的周边走滑作用具有统一的应力场,属于新特提斯封闭,印度大陆向亚洲大陆碰撞、俯冲、挤压这一共同的壳幔作用的动力学过程,怒江构造带花岗岩侵位与变形记录了这一动力学过程。     

山东鲁东碰撞造山型金矿成矿作用探讨

碰撞造山成矿作用是大陆动力学研究的重要内容,大地构造相编图是研究山东大陆块体离散、会聚、碰撞、造山的大陆动力学过程的主要载体和具体表达形式.作者在编制1:50万山东省大地构造相图时发现,鲁东地区中生代有两次重要的碰撞造山事件——印支和燕山碰撞造山作用.印支造山作用主要表现为扬子板块向华北板块俯冲,形成苏鲁高压-超高压变...     

青藏高原东缘中新生代龙门山前陆盆地动力学及其与大陆碰撞作用的耦合关系

位于青藏高原东缘的龙门山前陆盆地是中国典型的前陆盆地之一。自晚三叠世以来,该盆地充填了厚度大于1万余米的海相至陆相沉积物,以不整合面为界可将其划分为6个构造层序,根据几何形态将构造层序区分为两种类型,即楔状构造层序和板状构造层序,其中晚三叠世、晚侏罗世、晚白垩世—古近纪构造层序为楔状构造层序,其余为板状构造层序。研究结果表明楔状构造层序为逆冲构造负载的产物,板状构造层序为走滑剥蚀卸载的产物。本次以晚三叠世前陆盆地为典型的楔状前陆盆地开展了逆冲构造负载系统的弹性挠曲动力学模拟,以晚新生代龙门山前陆盆地为典型的板状前陆盆地开展了与走滑剥蚀卸载系统的弹性挠曲动力学模拟,并计算了龙门山构造负载系统向扬子克拉通的推进速率,结果表明龙门山造山楔的推进速率在早期较快(如晚三叠世最大推进速率达15mm/a),晚期较慢(如晚侏罗世、晚白垩世—古近纪最大推进速率仅为6.7mm/a)。进而推测龙门山幕式逆冲作用的构造驱动力来自于青藏高原中生代以来的基麦里大陆加积碰撞和印度与亚洲板块碰撞作用,其中晚三叠世楔状构造层序是羌塘板块与亚洲大陆碰撞的产物,晚侏罗世楔状构造层序是拉萨板块与亚洲大陆碰撞的产物,晚白垩世—古近纪楔状构造层序是科希斯坦板块、印度板块与亚洲大陆碰撞的产物。     

华北地块南缘向北的薄皮推覆构造及北秦岭加里东造山作用

通过对华北地块南缘向北的薄皮推覆构造及北秦岭构造带结构、构造特征分析，认为它们同属于加里东期造山作用产物。北秦岭属于加里东造山带根带（即核部），华北地块南缘小秦岭（及豫西）地区属于该期造山带的外带，渭北褶皱隆起区则属于其前锋冲断褶带。秦岭造山带现今几何模型是一个复合型不对称扇状大陆造山带。     

滇西哀牢山构造带:结构与演化

哀牢山构造带是藏东(东南亚)地区的一条重要线性构造,它分隔了扬子—华南地块与印支地块,并保存了多阶段复杂大地构造演化的记录。哀牢山构造带内由东向西依次发育了晚太古代—新元古代深变质岩系、新生代构造-岩浆活动带(剪切带)、金平—沱江晚二叠—早三叠世裂谷带残余和哀牢山早石炭世—早三叠世混杂岩带。具有不同特点的地质单元间被以新生代为主发育的断裂构造所间隔;而不同时期异地就位或混合岩化成因的花岗质岩石在构造带中普遍存在。哀牢山构造带在不同地质历史阶段具有多重大地构造属性,总体上经历了3个重要大地构造演化阶段:前特提斯演化、特提斯演化和新生代陆内演化阶段。前特提斯演化时期,主体部分(尤其是其东部带)具有亲扬子地块的属性,保留了自晚太古代到新元古代地壳演化的记录。一直到早古生代时期,哀牢山构造带的大地构造属性与扬子—华南地区依然具有密切的亲缘关系。自晚古生代—早中生代时期古特提斯洋打开之后,该带与华南-扬子板块之间分化成2个属性不同的构造域,始于早石炭世打开的哀牢山洋与始于早二叠世打开的金平—沱江洋依次消亡。特提斯洋的闭合,一方面形成了古哀牢山造山带,同时使得扬子—华南地块与印支地块回复到一个统一的陆内环境中;印度—欧亚板块之间的交互作用,对这一地区有着深刻的影响,相继形成了早新生代哀牢山造山带、晚渐新世—早中新世造山后区域性伸展与高钾碱性岩浆活动性和晚渐新世—早中新世印支地块的大规模南东向逃逸、哀牢山大型左行走滑剪切作用及伴生的钙碱性岩浆活动性。     

碰撞反应电感耦合等离子体质谱法直接测定卤水中的溴碘

目前使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定环境水样中的溴和碘,方法较为成熟,但应用于高盐卤水中溴碘的检测研究很少见报道.本文针对柴达木盆地盐湖卤水矿化度高、钾含量高的特点,建立了ICP-MS直接测定卤水中溴和碘的方法.采用碰撞反应接口(CRI)模式,以H2为碰撞气体,降低了检测过程中的多原子离子质谱干扰(例如39K40 Ar+对79Br+的干扰);选用Rh作内标元素,校正高盐样品引起的基体效应、仪器漂移等非质谱干扰;通过延长快泵冲洗时间消除测定过程中的记忆效应.在优化的实验条件下,盐湖卤水样品稀释200倍后用ICP-MS测定,方法检出限溴为0.036μg/mL,碘为0.027 μg/mL;方法精密度(RSD,n=12)溴为2.77％,碘为2.19％;加标回收率溴为91.6％ ～ 106.1％,碘为94.4％ ～ 107.7％.本方法也可应用于钾含量高的岩盐样品中溴和碘的测定.     

豫西蛇尾秦岭群P-T轨迹定量计算及其地质意义

河南省西峡县北部蛇尾地区秦岭群变质泥质岩系的黑云二长榴线岩中的石榴石成分环带是连续变质反应的结果。本文根据该岩石的石榴石环带成分定量计算了变质作用P-T轨迹。P-T轨迹样式表明,本区秦岭群的变质作用可以分为两大期:第一期发生在大陆碰撞带环境中,变质的温度压力演化受均匀地壳增厚及隆起侵蚀过程控制;第二期发生在岛弧环境或活动大陆边缘环境,变质温压条件早阶段与深部上升的热流有关,中阶段受侵位的炽热花岗岩体控制,晚阶段受地体背冲推覆的构造过程制约。     

Oxygen, carbon, and strontium isotope geochemistry of diamond-bearing carbonate rocks from Kumdy-Kol, Kokchetav Massif, Kazakhstan

Diamond-bearing carbonate rocks from Kumdy-Kol, Kokchetav massif, Kazakhstan, were strongly altered by fluids flowing through fractures and infiltrating along grain boundaries during exhumation. Alteration includes retrogradation of high-grade silicate assemblages by hydrous minerals, replacement of diamond by graphite and of dolomite by calcite. Diamond-bearing carbonate rocks are among the most intensely altered isotopically with δ¹⁸O_VSMOW values as low as +9‰, δ¹³C_VPDB=−9‰, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr as high as 0.8050. Evidence of isotopic equilibration between coexisting dolomite and high-Mg calcite during ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism (UHPM) is preserved only rarely in samples isolated from infiltrating fluids by distance from fractures. Isotopic heterogeneity and isotopic disequilibrium are widespread on a hand-specimen scale. Because of this lack of homogeneity, bulk analyses cannot provide definitive measurements of ¹³C/¹²C fractionation between coexisting diamond and carbonate. Our study adequately documents alteration on a scale commensurate with observed vein structures. But, testing the hypothesis of metamorphic origin of microdiamonds has not fully succeeded because our analytical spatial resolution, limited to 0.5 mm, is not small enough to measure individual dolomite inclusions or individual diamond crystals.     

江南中、新元古代岛弧的运动学和动力学

自经７０年代作者等发表江南中－新元古代岛弧构造观点以来，这一地区已经在８０年代后期和９０年代成为我国大地构造研究热点之一。大量新资料支持以下的古板块构造演化模式，即古华南洋壳中元古代１３（１７）～９．８亿年时向北（西北）俯冲于扬子板块东南边缘之下，形成江南火山岛弧和弧后盆地，在东北段是皖－浙－赣火山岛弧和樟树墩－伏川弧后盆地；新元古代９．８～７．７亿年时发生了陈蔡弧（浙东地体）与皖－浙－赣弧的弧－弧碰撞造山作用，并导致樟树墩－伏川边缘海的崩塌和陆－弧弧后碰撞造山过程。江南古岛弧带经历了多次的后期构造变形。