Tectonothermal history of the basement rocks in the western zone of the North China Craton and its tectonic implications

The basement of the North China Craton can be divided into the eastern, central and western zones, based on lithological, structural, metamorphic and geochronological data. The western zone comprises two different petrotectonic units: Archaean tonalitic–trondhjemitic–granodioritic (TTG) grey gneisses and metamorphic mafic rocks, and Palaeoproterozoic khondalite series. The former is characterized by isobaric cooling (IBC)-type anticlockwise P–T paths in the north-northwestern part of the zone and near-isothermal decompression (ITD)-type clockwise P–T paths in the eastern part, adjacent to the central zone. On the other hand, the tectonothermal evolution of Palaeoproterozoic khondalite series rocks is characterized exclusively by nearly isothermal decompression following the peak of metamorphism and then cooling, defining clockwise P–T paths. The Archaean TTG gneisses and associated mafic rocks with anticlockwise metamorphic P–T paths reflects an origin related to underplating and intrusion of mantle-derived magmas which may be derived from mantle plumes. They represent a late Archaean continental block in the western part of the North China Craton. The Palaeoproterozoic khondalite series rocks represent passive continental margin deposits. They were metamorphosed and deformed in the late Palaeoproterozoic during the amalgamation of the western continental block with another continental block in the east part of the North China Craton. The ITD-type clockwise P–T–t paths of the Palaeoproterozoic khondalite series rocks record the tectonothermal histories of the collision of the western and eastern continental blocks which resulted in the final assembly of the North China Craton at c. 1800 Ma.     

Deformation history of the ophiolite sequence from the Balagne Nappe,northern Corsica: insights in the tectonic evolution of Alpine Corsica

In Alpine Corsica, the Jurassic ophiolites represent remnants of oceanic lithosphere belonging to the Ligure‐Piemontese Basin located between the Europe/Corsica and Adria continental margins. In the Balagne area, a Jurassic ophiolitic sequence topped by a Late Jurassic–Late Cretaceous sedimentary cover crops out at the top of the nappe pile. The whole ophiolitic succession is affected by polyphase deformation developed under very low‐grade orogenic metamorphic conditions. The original palaeogeographic location and the emplacement mechanisms for the Balagne ophiolites are still a matter of debate and different interpretations for its history have been proposed. The deformation features of the Balagne ophiolites are outlined in order to provide constraints on their history in the framework of the geodynamic evolution of Alpine Corsica. The deformation history reconstructed for the Balagne Nappe includes five different deformation phases, from D1 to D5. The D1 phase was connected with the latest Cretaceous/Palaeocene accretion into the accretionary wedge related to an east‐dipping subduction zone followed by a Late Eocene D2 phase related to emplacement onto the Europe/Corsica continental margin. The subsequent D3 phase was characterized by sinistral strike‐slip faults and related deformations of Late Eocene–Early Oligocene age. The D4 and D5 phases were developed during the Early Oligocene–Late Miocene extensional processes connected with the collapse of the Alpine belt. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

冲绳海槽现代张裂的地球物理特征

位于东海陆架与琉球岛弧之间的冲绳海槽为板块俯冲作用形成的弧后断陷盆地,具有独特的构造地貌特征。自中新世末以来历经了4个强烈拉张的演化时期,目前已达到张裂的高级阶段。地球物理资料显示,海槽中的现代拉张作用仍在进行,表现在海槽轴部快速沉降形成地堑槽,对称分布的张性断裂,晚更新世—全新世以来的岩浆活动,从老至新排列的磁异常务带以及高地热流、频繁的地震活动等,充分体现了冲绳海槽的现代扩张特点。     

松嫩地块东缘和佳木斯地块西缘电性结构

横过松嫩地块东缘和佳木斯地块西缘的大地电磁测深剖面揭示了两块体结合带附近的深部电性结构.本文对剖面测点做了标准化数据处理,并对二维偏离度、构造走向进行了计算和分析,采用非线性共轭梯度(NLCG)二维反演方法对TM模式的数据进行了反演,获得了该剖面的地壳、上地幔电性结构模型,划分出三个典型构造单元:松嫩地块东缘、碰撞拼合带和佳木斯地块西缘.研究结果表明,研究区上地壳基本呈高阻特征,可能为岩浆岩,代表其经历了多期次岩浆作用,而松嫩地块东缘和佳木斯地块西缘的中下地壳的高导体可能与地幔物质的上涌有关;拼合带下方存在西倾的高导体和高阻体,可能是佳木斯地块向西俯冲到松嫩地块下方的构造遗迹;研究区可能发生了拆沉作用,与之伴随的地幔物质上涌可能是后期伸展作用的一个动力.     

基于GIS的海底管线应急系统关键技术

根据当前海底管线建设和发展的形势,分析了目前海底管线系统存在的不足,并结合海底管线管理业务的实际,基于二维GIS和三维仿真技术,研究建设二三维一体化的海底管线系统的关键技术,并实现了原型系统。     

辽宁北部早古生代弧－陆碰撞作用的发现及其构造意义

自然资源部中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心基础地质室构造研究团队在辽宁北部法库地区地质调查过程中,初步识别出了一次弧－陆碰撞作用.根据地质年代学研究,其主要发生在早古生代.该发现为华北板块北缘东段松辽盆地覆盖区的早古生代的构造演化史研究提供重要依据.     

南海北部东沙运动的构造特征及动力学机制探讨

南海北部陆缘在南海扩张结束后发生了一次重要的构造运动—东沙运动.因前人对其研究较少,目前对其发生时间、影响范围和形成机制等都存在较大的争议.通过对东沙海区及其邻区新近纪地层二维、三维地震资料的详细解释,确定了东沙运动发生在晚中新世晚期,并在晚中新世末/早上新世初(5.5Ma)停止活动.东沙运动主要波及东沙隆起和潮汕坳陷地区,构造上主要表现为断块升降,其中隆起区沉积物遭受剥蚀,造成中新世及部分上新世地层的缺失.这次运动还形成了大量次级的NW-NWW向张性、张扭性断裂,构造运动整体上具有东强西弱的特点.东沙运动可能与新近纪以来菲律宾海板块持续向NWW方向运动导致的吕宋岛弧与欧亚大陆在9～6Ma期间开始发生的弧陆碰撞有关.同时,由于南海向马尼拉海沟下的俯冲及洋壳的冷却沉降作用,南海北部陆缘处于拉张环境,岩浆底侵到下地壳底部形成高速层,破坏了该区域的地壳均衡,从而造成上部地壳的隆升.     

碰撞条件下高弹模CFRP加固自升式平台桩腿性能分析

由于腐蚀、海生物附着等因素导致老龄化海洋平台在与船舶碰撞的事故作用下,桩腿变形加大,降低了承载性能。为减少碰撞对桩腿的损伤,提高其耐撞性能,提出了利用吸收能力较强的高弹模CFRP材料加固平台桩腿的方法。以某自升式海洋平台桩腿为例,利用有限元法建立简化的碰撞模型,通过在局部损伤部位粘贴高弹模CFRP材料来提高桩腿的耐撞性能,验证高弹模CFRP加固方法,提高其耐撞性能的有效性。研究表明,相同的碰撞条件下,加固前碰撞力使桩腿产生了接近屈服强度的应力;粘贴2层CFRP布后,桩腿吸能下降56.3%,极值应力下降了14.7%;粘贴CFRP板后,桩腿吸能下降70.68%,桩腿的极值应力下降57.36%。     

土壤风蚀过程颗粒释放机理研究

针对目前土壤风蚀中土壤颗粒释放过程机理研究存在的不足,建立了颗粒在土壤表面起动、滚动、起跳的土壤颗粒释放力学模型,同时考虑了太阳辐射及地表温度产生的向上垂向风速对颗粒起动风速的影响,并采用前人的实验结果与本文模型数值计算结果进行了对比分析,证明其模型的合理性。数值结果表明：起动风速随颗粒粒径的增大先减小后增大,其中在0.12~0.14 mm粒径范围内颗粒最容易起动,同时床面温度越高对颗粒的起动风速影响也越明显,同一粒径下床面温度越高起动风速越小。颗粒在床面上的运动不是纯滚动,而是滚动中有滑动。颗粒起跳速度主要分布在0.3~0.65 m/s之间;起跳角度30°~35°之间;颗粒起跳的角速度主要分布在600~1 200 rev/s。土壤颗粒释放微观过程的研究将对改进土壤风蚀输送过程中的宏观监测与预报起到重要作用。     

柴北缘超高压变质带：从大洋到大陆的深俯冲过程

    柴北缘超高压变质带同我国大别- 苏鲁造山带类似,同属典型的大陆型俯冲碰撞带。柯石英在榴辉岩和片麻岩中均 有发现,且石榴橄榄岩锆石中含有金刚石。本文从岩石学、温压计算、地球化学和年代学四个方面,对此带中的鱼卡、绿 梁山、锡铁山和都兰4 个榴辉岩和石榴橄榄岩出露地区近些年的研究进展进行了系统详细的综述。与典型的大陆型俯冲碰 撞带不同,柴北缘超高压变质带保存了早期陆壳俯冲前发生的洋壳深俯冲的证据。因此,结合现有数据,本文对柴北缘超 高压变质带从大洋俯冲到大陆俯冲碰撞的构造演化模式进行了探讨。