近地等离子体片中磁场扰动和离子速度扰动的统计研究

利用THEMIS THC卫星观测数据统计分析近地等离子体片中磁场扰动和等离子体整体流的速度扰动的关系,研究Alfven波动的活动性.研究结果表明:1)等离子体整体流的速度扰动幅度依赖于平均速度的大小,速度扰动幅度随平均速度的增加而增加;2)速度扰动幅度与磁场扰动幅度存在较强的正相关性;3)磁场扰动幅度与AE指数密切相关,磁场扰动幅度随着AE指数增加而增加,而速度扰动幅度与AE指数之间没有明显的相关性;4)Alfven比与AE指数的相关系数较小,但能够看出Alfven比随着AE指数增加而减小的趋势;5)速度扰动幅度和磁场扰动幅度与尾向距离及距中性片距离的关系不明显.     

The Partitioning of Tungsten bwtween Aqueous Fluids and Silicate Melts

An experimental study has been carried out to determine the partition coefficients of tungsten between aqueous fluids and granitic melts at 800 °C and 1.5 kb with natural granite as the starting material. The effects of the solutions on the partition coefficients of tungsten show a sequence of P > CO ₃ ²⁻ > B > H₂O. The effects are limited (generallyK _D < 0.3) and the tungsten shows a preferential trend toward the melt over the aqueous fluid. The value ofK _D increases with increasing concentration of phosphorus; theK _D increases first and then reduces with the concentration of CO ₃ ²⁻ when temperature decreases, theK _D between the solution of CO ₃ ²⁻ and the silicate melt increases, and that between the solution of B₄O ₇ ²⁻ and the silicate melt decreases. The partition coefficients of phosphorus and sodium between fluids and silicate melts have been calculated from the concentrations of the elements in the melts. TheK _D value for phosphorus is 0.38 and that for sodium is 0.56. Evidence shows that the elements tend to become richer and richer in the melts.     

流量测井求取含水层渗透系数的方法及资料解释技术

论述了流量测井的基本理论，涡轮流量计的结构和响应特性，重点分析、讨论利用二次混合抽水二次降深所测得的流量测井曲线，求取含水层渗透系数和静止水位的方法，并以实例说明该方法的具体应用。     

Use of Nash's IUH and DEMs to identify the parameters of an unequal‐reservoir cascade IUH model

Under the assumption that hydrograph generation was affected by n linear reservoirs with the same value of storage coefficient k, Nash proposed the formulation of the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH), which has been widely used in rainfall–runoff simulation and flood forecasting. However, the assumption of the parameter k having the same value in all reservoirs is obviously unphysical as it results in the estimated value of n not being integral. In this study, for parameter n integral, the different k value for each reservoir was derived using the Laplace transform and developing a general rule for the equation of the IUH of any order. The relationship between parameter k and the slope of the river channel estimated using digital elevation model (DEM) data is established, the parameter estimation procedures are given. As in most unit hydrograph studies, only isolated storm events are considered here. Seventeen flood events in three catchments were selected for the case studies. Application results show that the proposed method is slightly better than Nash's IUH with higher model efficiency and smaller absolute relative errors. This work provides a new methodology for the formulation of the IUH. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

厚层河道砂体储层非均质性研究——以葡萄花油层组PI1-PI4小层为例

储层非均质性对油气田的勘探和开发效果影响很大.结合测井资料二次解释的孔隙度(Φ)、泥质含量(Vsh)、粒度中值(Md)、束缚水饱和度(Swi)等资料,借助BP网络对渗透率进行预测.对萨尔图油田中部葡萄花油层组的非均质性进行了定量半定量的研究,认为萨尔图油田中部葡萄花油层组PI2小层层内非均质性最严重,与沉积微相密切相关.单砂层垂向上渗透率的变化以正韵律和复合式韵律为主,局部发育反韵律模式.葡萄花油层组PI1-PI4小层层内非均质性强弱依次为PI2a,PI3,PI2b,PI1,PI4;层间非均质性在PI3和PI4间表现得最强,其他相对要弱;各小层平面非均质性相差无几,整体表现为较强的非均质性.     

Effects of Irregular Wave Groups on Pile Forces

The wave forces on 1, 2 and 4 vertical circular piles under the action of several wave trains of the same wave parameters, such as Hs,Tp and Mo, but different wave group factor GF are measured in the laboratory. After comparing these forces, it may be concluded that the mean and significant wave forces are almost of no difference for the wave trains with different GF. When GF is larger, the one-tenth of the wave froce extreme is slightly increased and the maximum wave force is much larger than the ones with smaller GF, to which attention must be paid in engineering practice.     

一种大坝渗透系数分区反演新方法研究

基于人工神经网络的非线性映射特征,在渗流有限元计算的基础上,结合水头和渗流量等实测资料提出了大坝渗透系数的反演方法。为了克服经典神经网络存在的缺陷,提出了模拟退火的交替迭代算法神经网络新方法。在相同的初始条件下,用该新方法和经典网络进行了比较,得出前者的优越性和有效性。同时将该方法用于大坝的渗流反分析,利用反演出的渗透系数进行渗流场计算。数值计算结果表明,这种方法对大坝渗透系数反演问题具有较高的识别精度,反演结果可靠,可以用于实际工程。     

微凸体对抛光岩石表面静摩擦系数影响试验研究

对典型岩石摩擦滑动试验装置进行了改进,以8种硅酸盐岩作为研究对象,在低正应力条件下对岩石摩擦滑动过程中的静摩擦系数进行了试验研究。对滑动表面形貌进行了表征,从统计学角度分析了粗糙度对静摩擦系数的影响,并基于滑动表面微凸体（凹凸体、微观粗糙度）对这一影响作进一步分析。研究表明：滑动面为抛光面时,千枚岩、石英岩、岩屑砂岩和石英砂岩的静摩擦系数为0.38～0.47,砾岩、含砾粗粒石英砂岩、中粒岩屑砂岩和中粒石英砂岩的静摩擦系数为0.83～1.07;在粗糙度中,轮廓最大谷深Rm和轮廓最大峰高Rp两个参数导致摩擦滑动中产生不同静摩擦系数,且随着这两个参数的增加,静摩擦系数呈指数规律增加;千枚岩、石英岩、岩屑砂岩和石英砂岩滑动表面的微凸体数量较少,砾岩、含砾粗粒石英砂岩、中粒岩屑砂岩和中粒石英砂岩滑动表面的微凸体数量较多,随着微凸体数量的增加岩石摩擦滑动过程中的静摩擦系数增加。     

Energy flux partitioning and evapotranspiration in a sub‐alpine spruce forest ecosystem

In this study, we examined the year 2011 characteristics of energy flux partitioning and evapotranspiration of a sub‐alpine spruce forest underlain by permafrost on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QPT). Energy balance closure on a half‐hourly basis was H + λE = 0.81 × (R_n ? G ? S) + 3.48 (W m^?2) (r² = 0.83, n = 14938), where H, λE, R_n, G and S are the sensible heat, latent heat, net radiation, soil heat and air‐column heat storage fluxes, respectively. Maximum H was higher than maximum λE, and H dominated the energy budget at midday during the whole year, even in summer time. However, the rainfall events significantly affected energy flux partitioning and evapotranspiration. The mean value of evaporative fraction (Λ = λE/(λE + H)) during the growth period on zero precipitation days and non‐zero precipitation days was 0.40 and 0.61, respectively. The mean daily evapotranspiration of this sub‐alpine forest during summer time was 2.56 mm day^?1. The annual evapotranspiration and sublimation was 417 ± 8 mm year^?1, which was very similar to the annual precipitation of 428 mm. Sublimation accounted for 7.1% (30 ± 2 mm year^?1) of annual evapotranspiration and sublimation, indicating that the sublimation is not negligible in the annual water balance in sub‐alpine forests on the QPT. The low values of the Priestley–Taylor coefficient (α) and the very low value of the decoupling coefficient (Ω) during most of the growing season suggested low soil water content and conservative water loss in this sub‐alpine forest. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑应力历史的岩石单裂隙渗流特性试验研究

通过开展单裂隙花岗岩不同围压加、卸载和不同水力梯度作用下的渗透试验,研究应力历史对裂隙渗透性能演化的影响。试验结果表明：在围压加载过程中,渗流流量与渗透压差大致呈线性关系;在渗透压差相同的条件下,围压越小,流量越大,随着围压上升,裂隙渗流流量持续减小,但随着围压的进一步增大,流量的减小有减缓的趋势。在围压相同以及渗透压差相同的条件下,单裂隙花岗岩在卸载条件下的渗流特性与加载条件下相比,其渗流流量明显降低,且卸载过程中渗流流量与渗透压差开始偏离线性关系。从试验前、后裂隙面粗糙度系数值的对比可以看出,由于法向应力挤压以及渗流流体的冲蚀作用,试验后裂隙面粗糙度系数明显降低。卸载的过程中,裂隙渗透性能的恢复具有明显的滞后效应,表明在法向应力和流体冲蚀的共同作用下,裂隙产生了不可恢复的非弹性变形。