淮北市岩溶地下水防污性能评价

为有效保护和合理开发利用岩溶地下水资源,在深入了解评价区水文地质条件基础上,采用PI(保护层和渗透条件)方法,对淮北市岩溶地下水防污性能开展评价。其结果表明,地下水防污性能π值小于2的区域分布在低山丘陵区,该地区基岩埋深＜50m,属于裸渗区;π值2～3的区域主要分布在低山丘陵区、残山和山前区,基岩埋深在50～200m,属于覆盖区;平原区的π值多大于4,基岩埋深＞200m,属于埋藏区。无论是PI评价结果还是评价对象的地质条件均表明,岩溶地下水的防污性能在低山丘陵区为弱和较弱,随着远离山区,防污性能有所提高,平原区的防污性能最佳。      

钻柱振动信号特征及多次波成像

钻柱是连接地面和井底钻头及地层的通道,伴随着钻头旋转破岩产生的钻柱振动包含丰富的信息,通过分析在钻柱顶端采集的钻头振动信号能够获得钻头、钻具的工作状态以及所钻地层甚至钻头前方地层的岩性、地层压力等信息,进行井下诊断和钻前预测.钻柱是由具有不同横截面积的单元组成,截面变化引起的波阻抗差异使钻头振动信号沿钻柱传播时发生多次反射,形成钻柱多次波.利用单边反褶积自相关等方法对井场采集的钻柱振动信号进行了处理,得到了振动信号的特征、反射界面多次波成像和振动信号沿钻柱的传播速度以及钻柱的实际转速等,并与理论结果吻合较好,为钻柱振动录井和随钻地震技术研究打下了基础.     

三向隔震不锈钢丝金属橡胶力学性能试验研究

为开发金属橡胶三向隔震器,文中针对不同成型密度的不锈钢丝金属橡胶试件,分别在拟静力、动力荷载作用下进行压缩和剪切性能试验,测试试件成型密度、加载幅值、循环加载次数、动力加载频率等因素对金属橡胶材料压缩和剪切滞变性能的影响规律,分析研究各试件的力学性能和阻尼性能。研究结果表明,金属橡胶材料承受压缩和剪切变形时均具有良好的变形能力(压缩荷载下可回复变形达40%,剪切荷载下可回复变形达80%),其滞变耗能能力随着试件成型密度的增大而增大;加载频率和加载次数对金属橡胶压缩和剪切滞变性能几乎没有影响;压缩荷载下试件的割线模量大于剪切荷载下的割线模量,但压缩变形时的等效阻尼比小于剪切变形下的等效阻尼比。     

含天然气水合物沉积物相平衡问题研究综述

天然气水合物是一种战略性替代能源。同时,开发天然气水合物将是全球气候环境问题和地质灾害的诱发因素之一。含天然气水合物沉积物（简称HBS）的相平衡问题对天然气水合物资源勘探、评估与开发利用以及环境影响均具有重要的基础作用。自然界中赋存于沉积物之中的天然气水合物的生成与分解与纯水体系中水合物的生成与分解具有很大区别。通过总结国内外研究资料,以天然气水合物开发利用中的岩土工程问题研究需要为出发点,详细介绍了HBS的沉积物物性、孔隙水盐度和气体组分对沉积物中水合物相平衡关系影响以及HBS相平衡研究中有关制样方法技术、各组分含量测试以及相平衡关系理论模型研究方面的国内外研究现状。研究成果表明,HBS的沉积物物性、孔隙水盐度和气体组分均对天然气水合物相平衡关系具有显著影响,试验研究中应用了很多先进方法技术,但仍然存在定量精度较低或实施成本较高等问题;基于微观尺度建立的有关HBS的相平衡宏观模型能较好地模拟与预测HBS的相平衡关系,但其表达式复杂、参数较多和不易获得制约了其在天然气水合物开采中的有关岩土力学与工程理论研究和工程实践中应用     

固定带宽滤波对InSAR图像对相关性影响的定量分析

讨论了干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR）成像处理中基线解相关系数的频率函数，分析了在距离向压缩过程中频谱窗函数对InSAR图像对相关性的影响，通过定义干涉图距离向幅度谱函数的等效带宽来描述地形起伏，推导出了等效带宽和InSAR图像对相关性之间的关系式。据此给出了在不同等效带宽情况下（相当于不同地形起伏条件下），固定带宽滤波对InSAR图像对相关性的影响。最后的实验结果验证了上述分析的正确性。     

粗粒土试验与力学特性研究现状

粗粒土既是一种天然地质体,又能用作建筑材料,在自然界中广泛存在,其力学性质研究对实际工程实践至关重要.在大量关于粗粒土试验与力学性质研究文献的基础上做了以下分析和总结：将粗粒土试验分为三类,包括室内试验、原位试验和数值试验,分别对每种试验的试验原理、仪器、方法和适用范围进行了详细介绍;根据粗粒土力学性质研究现状,重点对粗粒土的剪胀性、颗粒破碎性和软化性这三种特性从形成机制、影响因素和描述方法上进行了深入总结.在此基础上,指出粗粒土力学性质研究方面存在如下不足：现有方法和理论存在一定局限性、宏观特性发生机理假设缺乏客观验证、宏观特性难以用细观力学演绎、多相耦合下的力学性质鲜有研究.最后,从试验、理论和数值仿真试验角度提出关于粗粒土力学性质研究的展望.     

Key variables explaining soil organic carbon content variations in croplands and non-croplands in Chinese provinces

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in global carbon cycles.Large spatial variations in SOC contents result in uncertain estimates of the SOC pool and its changes.In the present study,the key variables explaining the SOC contents of croplands (CPs) and non-croplands (NCPs) in Chinese provinces were investigated.Data on SOC and other soil properties (obtained from the Second National Soil Survey conducted in the late 1970s to the early 1990s),climate parameters,as well as the proportion of the CP to the total land area (Pcp) were used.SOC content variations within a province were larger than those among provinces.Soil clay and total phosphorus content,ratio of annual precipitation to mean temperature,as well as Pcp were able to explain 75% of the SOC content variations in whole soil samples.Soil pH,mean temperature during the growing season from May to October,and mean annual wind velocity were able to explain 63% of the SOC content variations in NCP soils.Compared with NCP soils,CP soils had lower SOC contents,with smaller variations within and among provinces and lower C/N ratios.Stepwise regression showed that the soil clay content was a unique factor significantly correlated with the SOC content of CP soils.However,this factor only explained 24% of the variations.This result suggested that variables related to human activities had greater effects on SOC content variations in CP soils than soil properties and climate parameters.Based on SOC contents directly averaged from soil samples and estimated by regression equations,the total SOC pool in the topsoil (0-20 cm) of China was estimated at 60.02 Pg and 57.6 Pg.Thousands of years of intensive cultivation in China resulted in CP topsoil SOC loss of 4.34-4.98 Pg.     

Physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities of the arable soils in Lhasa, Tibet, China

An understanding of the physical,chemical,and biological properties of a soil provides a basis for soil use and management.This paper reports the major physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities of the soils of Lhasa’s main arable lands and the factors that influence these soil properties.Composite and core samples were taken from the three main arable soil types(alluvial soil,subalpine arable steppe soil,and subalpine arable meadow soil) and were analysed using standard methods.The bulk density and the ventilation porosity ratio of the soils were close to the recommended values for arable lands,and the dominant soil texture was sandy.The soil moisture release rates were arable steppe soil > alluvial soil > arable meadow soil.Soil organic matter content,Cation-Exchange Capacity(CEC),total and available nitrogen content,and catalase activity of the arable meadow soil were higher than those of the alluvial and the arable steppe soils,while soil pH in the arable meadow was lower.Most of the measured properties did not show a significant variance among these three soils.However,the measured indices(apart from the total potassium) indicate that there are notable differences among the three types of soil.The results implied that the utilisation patterns of the arable soil or human activities,such as tillage practices and fertiliser applications,have a substantialeffect on the soil properties in this region.Our results suggest that the cultivation practices in the region have apparently positive impact on the soil organic matter,nutrient contents and bulk density probably due to the sound fertiliser management such as the applications of farmyard manure and chemical fertilisers.However,intense cultivation practices lowered the activity of most soil enzymes.The results demonstrate that the choice of soil management strategy had a significant impact on the soil physicochemical and biological properties in the region studied.     

海洋深水水道地震综合解释技术研究——以南海北部陆坡区更新统深水水道为例

深水沉积是深水油气勘探的重要领域.本文利用南海北部陆坡区三维地震资料,应用三维可视化、相干处理、沿层切片及波形分类等地震技术,识别和刻画南海北部陆坡区更新世深水沉积水道的展布、演化特征及有利砂体分布位置,初步总结出一套适合深水沉积水道的地震识别和描述方法.该水道呈南西-北东方向展布、具蛇曲形态,水道主体以泥岩充填为主,水道侧向加积及堤坝部位是有利的储集部位.     

Locating a Politics of Knowledge: struggles over intellectual property in the Philippines

Intellectual property is increasingly a key item on the US–Japanese–European trade agenda, and the globalisation of the US patent standard, which includes patents on plants and processes, has become a key objective of ‘information-rich’ corporations and countries. While social movements act against the legal structures and spaces of knowledge associated with privatised knowledge, they also work to construct alternatives both through the development of practical alternatives such as seed-saving networks and the articulation of new discourses such as Farmers’ Rights. In doing so, farmers’ organisations are actively creating and maintaining spaces of alternative knowledges and formulations of property. The articulation of Farmers’ Rights by social movements as a response to intellectual property is a way both of resisting regimes of intellectual property and of creating a normative framework within which claims to intellectual property are made obsolete. Drawing from empirical work based in the Philippines, I propose a concept, woven space, which refers to the diverse and overlapping alternatives and resistances that emerge from the situated and embodied struggles taking place around the world to form a differently imagined and realised global. This is a decentralised, networked space, rich with experience, shared belief, and possibilities for shared action.