大兴安岭南段白音诺尔铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究

白音诺尔铅锌矿床是我国长江以北最大的铅锌矿床,矿区出露二叠纪地层和中生代岩浆岩。流体作用过程可大致分为3个阶段,即前成矿阶段(P阶段)、同成矿阶段(S阶段)以及后成矿阶段(L阶段)。P阶段以发育钙质石榴石、辉石等典型的矽卡岩矿物为主,辉石中普遍发育含石盐子晶包裹体(~44% NaCleqv)和富气相包裹体的共生组合,且具有相同的均一温度(~470℃),显示了流体不混溶作用的发生。该阶段流体捕获压力~400bars,对应形成深度~1.5km。这一阶段还发育以石盐子晶消失而达到均一的高盐度流体包裹体,其均一温度为~390℃,盐度为~46% NaCleqv,估计的最小压力分布范围较大(150~3000bars,平均~1200bars)。S阶段发育含水矽卡岩矿物(如绿帘石),并伴随闪锌矿等大量硫化物的沉淀。闪锌矿以及与之共生的石英、方解石中均发育富气相和富液相包裹体的共生组合,显示了流体沸腾特征。其中富液相包裹体盐度为6.6±3.0% NaCleqv,与其共生的富气相包裹体盐度为1.3±0.6% NaCleqv,二者均一温度皆在350℃左右,平均捕获压力为~150bars,以静水压力估计深度也为1.5km。L阶段矿化已经基本结束,发育大量的方解石(-石英-萤石)脉体。这一阶段发育特征的CaCl₂-NaCl-H₂O体系流体,均一温度<250℃,且随着均一温度降低,流体中Ca/Na比值有上升的趋势。流体包裹体研究显示了白音诺尔铅锌矿的成矿流体来自于深部岩浆,跟围岩地层无关。早期流体不混溶作用是矽卡岩矿物结晶的主要机制,随后的流体沸腾作用与大规模成矿作用密切相关。两期流体来自深部岩浆房不同时期的出溶,并经历了不同的温压演化过程。     

西藏弄如日金矿流体包裹体研究

弄如日金矿床位于青藏高原南部冈底斯-喜马拉雅构造区的冈底斯构造岩浆带东段,是该成矿带上首次发现的浅成低温热液型金锑矿床。本文在详细的野外矿床地质研究基础上,通过对各期与成矿密切相关的流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温分析、包裹体成分的LRM分析和包裹体中子矿物相的SEM/EDS分析等,对与矿化有关的成矿流体的特征、演化以及金的迁移与沉淀机制进行了讨论。通过研究流体成矿过程包括:形成黄铁矿-石英组合的早期阶段,发育以含子矿物的三相包裹体为主,均一温度集中于256~335℃,盐度29.7%~38.9% NaCleqv;形成毒砂-富砷黄铁矿-石英组合的主成矿阶段,发育富CO₂包裹体,均一温度集中于230~357℃,盐度1.81%~9.74% NaCleqv,CO₂密度为0.16~0.29g·cm^-3;形成辉锑矿-石英、雄黄-石英和碳酸岩脉组合的晚期阶段,发育水溶液包裹体,均一温度集中于134~245℃,盐度1.91%~8.95% NaCleqv。与金成矿有关的流体为中温、低盐度的富CO₂、CH₄、N₂、Na⁺流体体系,成矿流体温度、压力降低造成了流体不混溶,使CO₂相与水溶液相分离是造成金沉淀的主要机制。     

Semial ophiolite veins of United Arab Emirates—A fluid inclusions study

Calcite and quartz veins in the gabbroic and dunite rocks of the Semial ophiolite (UAE) were selected for fluid inclusion analysis. The inclusions contain both aqueous low-salinity and hydrocarbon-dominated fluids. Mi-crothermometry data indicate that the aqueous fluids contain 0.22 to 1.45 equivalent wt% NaCl and occasionally contain traces of hydrocarbons. Homogenization to liquid occurred between 91 and 152℃. Modeling based on these fluid inclusion observations indicates that the trapping conditions of the studied rocks were subjected to temperatures of 162 and 172℃, occasional pressures of 610-710 Pa and the sequence percolation of aqueous and hydrocarbon fluids.     

黑龙江伊春蜂房沟金矿流体包裹体特征及矿床成因机制

蜂房沟金矿位于佳木斯地块东北部,矿石自然类型为石英脉型。经矿物流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温和激光拉曼探针分析,探讨成矿流体性质、矿床成因类型及成矿机制。研究结果表明：①矿物流体包裹体以气液两相为主,含有少量的纯气相和纯液相包裹体,成矿流体的均一温度集中在240℃～270℃、成矿流体盐度为1.74～6.30 wt%NaCI、密度0.68～0.92 g/cm3、成矿压力为16～22 MPa、估算成矿深度为1.6～2.2 km,包裹体气相成分主要为C0₂和H₂O,含少量CH₄,总体属于CO2-H2O-NaCI体系;②成矿流体是一种不混溶流体,流体在不混溶过程中造成的相分离是金沉淀成矿的主要机制;③通过与典型造山型金矿对比,该矿床属于浅成造山型金矿,成矿机理可由碰撞成岩成矿与流体作用(CMF)模式解释。     

The Crater Mountain Deposit,Papua New Guinea: Porphyry‐related Au–Te System

Ore mineralization and wall rock alteration of Crater Mountain gold deposit, Papua New Guinea, were investigated using ore and host rock samples from drill holes for ore and alteration mineralogical study. The host rocks of the deposit are quartz‐feldspar porphyry, feldspar‐hornblende porphyry, andesitic volcanics and pyroclastics, and basaltic‐andesitic tuff. The main ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and moderate amounts of tetrahedrite, tennantite, pyrrhotite, bornite and enargite. Small amounts of enargite, tetradymite, altaite, heyrovskyite, bismuthinite, bornite, idaite, cubanite, native gold, CuPbS₂, an unidentified Bi‐Te‐S mineral and argentopyrite occur as inclusions mainly in pyrite veins and grains. Native gold occurs significantly in the As‐rich pyrite veins in volcanic units, and coexists with Bi‐Te‐S mineral species and rarely with chalcopyrite and cubanite relics. Four mineralization stages were recognized based on the observations of ore textures. Stage I is characterized by quartz‐sericite‐calcite alteration with trace pyrite and chalcopyrite in the monomict diatreme breccias; Stage II is defined by the crystallization of pyrite and by weak quartz‐chlorite‐sericite‐calcite alteration; Stage III is a major ore formation episode where sulfides deposited as disseminated grains and veins that host native gold, and is divided into three sub‐stages; Stage IV is characterized by predominant carbonitization. Gold mineralization occurred in the sub‐stages 2 and 3 in Stage III. The fS₂ is considered to have decreased from ～10^?2 to 10^?14 atm with decreasing temperature of fluid.     

CO2-H2O流体不混溶对Au溶解度的影响——以贵州省贞丰县水银洞金矿床为例

运用热力学原理和方法,研究了CO2-H2O流体不混溶作用对Au的溶解度的影响。结果表明,贵州水银洞金矿床的成矿流体是一种富含挥发分( fCO 2=70.79MPa)、酸性(pH=3.71)、还原性(fO 2=0.50×10-36MPa)、中温(267℃)、具有超压(180MPa)性质的含Au(a∑Au=3.744×10-8mol/L)流体。当超压流体的封闭层——炭质页岩因断裂作用而被破坏时,热液体系的压力发生骤降(28.50～35.30MPa),CO2-H2O流体发生不混溶作用,并有大量CO2溢出。CO2的流失可使成矿溶液的CO2逸度和O2逸度降低(fCO 2=0.80MPa、fO 2= 2.512×10-42MPa),酸碱度升高(pH=4.32),同时伴随温度的下降(224℃),成矿热液中Au溶解度的降低(a∑Au=3.790×10-9mol/L),从而快速沉淀下来成矿。     

华县西沟地区钼矿地质与成矿潜力

将华县西沟钼矿与邻近的金堆城、大石沟钼矿进行地质对比。华县西沟钼矿具有类似于大石沟钼矿的成矿类型及金堆城钼矿的矿化蚀变特征;西沟钼矿中石英脉的气液包裹体测试,均一温度为200℃~300℃,属于中温热液矿床;石英脉的稀土元素研究证明西沟地区兼有金堆城、马河、大石沟钼矿床含矿石英脉的稀土配分曲线特征,具有多期热液活动。同时对西沟地区控矿因素与矿化过程进行了综合分析,认为本区具有钼多金属成矿的潜力,并提出了其找矿标志。     

新疆彩霞山铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究

应用均一法、激光拉曼显微探针法研究彩霞山铅锌矿床的流体包裹体,发现其类型主要有单相盐水溶液包裹体、气液两相盐水溶液包裹体两类,测得均一温度为180℃~310℃,最佳成矿温度为190℃~220℃,属中低温矿床,代表矿区主要的成矿阶段。测得包裹体的冰点温度为-23.2℃~-0.8℃,盐度为1.4%~23.18%。气液两相包裹体中液相成分以水为主,气相成分以二氧化碳为主,单液相包裹体中成分为w(H2O)>w(CO2)。再据分馏方程计算得到热液水δ(18OH2O)为7~8。结果表明,矿床的形成与岩浆活动有关,矿床成因应划归于与中酸性侵入岩浆活动有关的中低温热液脉状矿床。     

A contrast analysis on the load character of the Changjiang River and the Huanghe River

According to the analysis of grain size, mineral composition and inclusion in quartz grain of the suspended and bed load sampled from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and the Huanghe (Yellow) River, the authors reveal the differentiation of loads between the two rivers. In the Huanghe River the size of suspended load is coarser than that in the Changjiang River, while the bed load is on the contrary. Through heavy mineral analysis, the biotite content of the Huanghe River loads is much higher than that of the Changjiang River, and the monomorillonite content of the former is about two times higher than the latter. All those may be attributed to the effects of different material sources and hydraulic conditions on load. The analysis of inclusion in quartz grain definitely illustrates the environmental difference of material sources between the two rivers. In the meantime, it provides a new method in seeking source of river load. Subsidized by the National Natural Science Foundation. This paper is attributed to careful guidance from Prof. Wang Ying & Prof. Shi Yunliang.     

Spiral and staircase inclusion trail axes within garnet and staurolite porphyroblasts from schists of the Bolton Syncline, Connecticut: timing of porphyroblast growth and the effects of fold development

In the Littleton Formation, garnet porphyroblasts preserve three generations of growth that occurred before formation of the Bolton Syncline. Inclusion trails of foliations overgrown by these porphyroblasts are always truncated by the matrix foliation suggesting that garnet growth predated the matrix foliation. In contrast, many staurolite porphyroblasts grew synchronously with formation of the Bolton Syncline. However, local rim overgrowths of the matrix foliation suggest that some staurolite porphyroblasts continued to grow after development of the fold during younger crenulation producing deformations. The axes of curvature or intersection of foliations defined by inclusion trails inside the garnet porphyroblasts lie oblique to the axial plane of the Bolton Syncline but do not change orientation across it. This suggests the garnets were not rotated during the subsequent deformation associated with fold development or during even younger crenulation events. Three samples also contain a different set of axes defined by curvature of inclusion trails in the cores of garnet porphyroblasts suggesting a protracted history of garnet growth. Foliation intersection axes in staurolite porphyroblasts are consistently orientated close to the trend of the axial plane of the Bolton Syncline on both limbs of the fold. In contrast, axes defined by curvature or intersection of foliations in the rims of staurolite porphyroblasts in two samples exhibit a different trend. This phase of staurolite growth is associated with a crenulation producing deformation that postdated formation of the Bolton Syncline. Measurement of foliation intersection axes defined by inclusion trails in both garnet and staurolite porphyroblasts has enabled the timing of growth relative to one another and to the development of the Bolton Syncline to be distinguished in rocks where other approaches have not been successful. Consistent orientation of foliation intersection axes across a range of younger structures suggests that the porphyroblasts did not rotate relative to geographical coordinates during subsequent ductile deformation. Foliation intersection axes in porphyroblasts are thus useful for correlating phases of porphyroblastic growth in this region.