基于Geohash的面数据区域查询

鉴于Geohash编码的全球唯一性、多层次递归性和一维的特性,以及Geohash目前通常只用于邻近点数据的空间查询而鲜用于面数据空间查询的现状,提出了一种基于Geohash的面数据区域查询方案,描述了对面数据和查询区域的处理方法.主要思路是将面数据关联到若干Geohash单元网格,并在数据库中保存网格的Geohash编码与面数据的对应关系,查询时将查询区域根据规则对应到最多4个Geohash编码,再根据编码查询与区域相交的面数据.通过对比试验可知,在数据量较大且查询区域较小的情况下,基于Geohash编码的面数据查询效率较基于经纬度和R-树的查询效率高,在海量空间数据检索上具有一定应用价值.     

单裂隙砂岩单轴压缩的中等应变率效应颗粒流模拟

加载速率对裂隙岩体的力学性质及变形破坏均有重要影响。利用二维颗粒流程序PFC2D开展了不同倾角非贯通单裂隙砂岩试件的单轴压缩试验,研究了中等应变率对裂隙砂岩应力-应变曲线特征、裂隙尖端应力状态、特征应力状态、岩体损伤及裂隙扩展等力学响应的影响规律。裂隙岩体应力-应变曲线呈现明显的波动性,定义应力突变指标 对应力突变型波动剧烈程度进行了定量统计分析：随应变率的增加,曲线应力突变波动越剧烈,且峰后明显大于峰前;随裂隙倾角的增大,波动幅度峰前增大,而峰后减小。裂隙尖端破裂应力随应变率增大均有所提高,随裂隙倾角的增大,切向剪应力 总体上呈增加变化,而法向应力 明显减小。尖端破裂时岩样加载应力 、岩样临界扩容应力 及峰值应力 均随应变率增大而增大。裂隙尖端的破裂可立即引起岩体扩容,一般应变率越低,岩体裂隙尖端破裂点 和扩容点 越接近峰值强度 。随着应变率的提高,损伤裂纹及宏观裂隙类型越多,岩体试件损伤破裂程度越强,特别是试件端部效应愈显著。裂隙首先以I型翼裂纹在其尖端起裂,而I型翼裂纹的扩展长度与加载速率与裂隙倾角具有较强的相关性。     

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Effects of near‐fault ground motions on the nonlinear dynamic response of base‐isolated r.c. framed buildings

Near‐fault ground motions are characterized by long‐period horizontal pulses and high values of the ratio between the peak value of the vertical acceleration, PGA_V, and the analogous value of the horizontal acceleration, PGA_H, which can become critical for base‐isolated (BI) structures. The objective of the present work is to check the effectiveness of the base isolation of framed buildings when using High‐Damping‐Rubber Bearings (HDRBs), taking into consideration the combined effects of the horizontal and vertical components of near‐fault ground motions. To this end, a numerical investigation is carried out with reference to BI reinforced concrete buildings designed according to the European seismic code (Eurocode 8). The design of the test structures is carried out in a high‐risk region considering (besides the gravity loads) the horizontal seismic loads acting alone or in combination with the vertical ones and assuming different values of the ratio between the vertical and horizontal stiffnesses of the HDRBs. The nonlinear seismic analysis is performed using a step‐by‐step procedure based on a two‐parameter implicit integration scheme and an initial‐stress‐like iterative procedure. At each step of the analysis, plastic conditions are checked at the potential critical sections of the girders (i.e. end sections of the sub‐elements in which a girder is discretized) and columns (i.e. end sections), where a bilinear moment–curvature law is adopted; the effect of the axial load on the ultimate bending moment (M‐N interaction) of the columns is also taken into account. The response of an HDRB is simulated by a model with variable stiffness properties in the horizontal and vertical directions, depending on the axial force and lateral deformation, and linear viscous damping. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of seismic force requirements for buildings in Taiwan

This paper describes static and dynamic procedures to calculate seismic demand specified by the current seismic design code for buildings in Taiwan,which was issued in 2005.For design levels with a return period of475 years,the design spectral response acceleration can be developed for general sites,near-fault sites and Taipei Basin.In addition,in order to prevent building collapse during extremely large earthquakes and yielding of structural components and elements during frequent small earthquakes,the ...     

A Preliminary study on the seismic conceptual design

The seismic conceptual design is an essential part of seismic design codes. It points out that the term "seismic conceptual design" should imply three aspects,i.e.,the given concept itself,the specific provisions related to the given concept and the designing following the provisions. Seismic conceptual design can be classified into two categories: the strict or traditional seismic conceptual design and the generalized seismic conceptual design. The authors are trying to define for both conceptual designs their connotations and study their characteristics,in particular,the differences between them. Authors emphasize that both conceptual designs sound very close,however,their differences are apparent. The strict conceptual designs are usually worked out directly from engineering practice and/or lessons learnt from earthquake damage,while the generalized conceptual designs are resulted in a series of visions aiming to realize the general objectives of the seismic codes. The strict conceptual designs,(traditional conceptual designs) are indispensable elements of seismic codes in assuring designed structures safer and the generalized conceptual designs are playing key roles in directing to a more advanced and effective seismic codes.     

孔槽式圆盘破坏特性与裂纹扩展机制颗粒流分析

基于室内岩石类脆性材料圆盘试样巴西试验结果,利用颗粒流程序（PFC）,获得一组能够反映其力学特征的细观参数。在此基础上,对孔槽式圆盘试样进行巴西试验模拟,分析了裂隙倾角和半径比变化对孔槽式圆盘试样力学参数和裂纹扩展规律的影响。孔槽式圆盘试样力学参数显著低于完整圆盘试样,降幅与孔槽几何参数密切相关。劈裂荷载随裂隙倾角的增大呈非线性变化,而随着半径比的增大呈近似线性减小规律。通过分析认为,在试验模拟范围内保持半径比不变,当裂隙倾角较小时,孔洞是主裂纹起裂的主要诱因;裂隙倾角较大时,裂隙成为主裂纹起裂的主要诱因。保持裂隙倾角不变,当半径比较小时,裂隙是主裂纹起裂的主要诱因;半径比较大时,孔洞成为主裂纹起裂的主要诱因。最后,从细观层面探讨了孔槽式圆盘试样裂纹扩展机制。     

上软下硬岩质地层浅埋大跨隧道松动压力计算

针对现有方法在上软下硬岩质地层中浅埋大跨隧道松动压力计算方面存在的问题,通过离散元数值模拟和正交试验,分析了围岩的松动破坏机制、风化层厚度和岩体中节理分布状态对隧道松动区形状和范围的影响规律及敏感性。结果表明：影响松动区的主要因素依次为风化层厚度、隧道埋深、贯通倾斜节理的倾角和间距、风化层水平节理间距;松动区可分为拱形和塌穿形两种类型,其边界曲线分别可用抛物线和乘幂函数近似表示。针对塌穿形松动区,通过回归分析建立了地表松动宽度和拱顶松动土条水平长度的计算公式。按照应力传递原理,在松动区内以梯形微分岩土条为对象,通过分层积分,推导出可反映节理产状和风化层厚度影响的浅埋大跨隧道围岩松动压力计算公式。工程实例计算表明,与现有方法相比,所提方法计算的松动压力值最小。     

基于卷积神经网络和火山岩大数据的构造源区判别

早先的构造源区判别图由于受时代、研究区域、研究思路以及研究手段、分析技术和样本数量的限制, 存在某些不足,导致部分学者在研究中遇到各种困惑和矛盾。在大数据的冲击下,部分传统图解的可靠性正在接受考验。本文提出了一种将地球化学数据二维图像化的方法,将GEOROC数据库中来自11个构造环境的火山岩数据生成了34 468张灰度二维码图像。根据深度学习理论和方法构造了卷积神经网络(CNN)模型,利用其中75%的二维码数据进行自动学习和训练。该模型可以对不同来源的火山岩数据进行有效分类,总体分类准确度可达95%以上。该模型具备较好的泛化能力,可以作为日常工具辅助人工进行火山岩样本的构造源区的判别。