利用SSR法研究钟祥台Lg波尾波衰减特征

利用单台叠加谱比法（SSR）分析钟祥台记录的周边地区30个地震事件的垂直分量,得出与各个射线对应的Lg波尾波的Q0值。结果表明,Q0值的大小与构造活动强弱有关,在构造活动强烈的胡集-沙洋断裂、通城河断裂、天阳坪断裂、青峰断裂附近呈现出低值,约在130～200范围内变化;在远离断裂的区域,构造活动比较稳定,Q0值达到600以上。     

2009年云南姚安M_S6.0地震余震序列尾波Q_c值研究

利用云南大姚地震台记录到的2009年姚安6.0级地震余震序列的数字化波形观测资料,基于尾波单次散射理论,估算该次地震震源区尾波Qc值。结果表明:中心频率为1.5 Hz时,振幅衰减率β(f)在-0.141 27～-0.043 05之间,平均值为-0.074 60;Qc值在33.3～99.8之间,平均值为65.5。并得出Qc值与频率的关系:尾波波源因子与震级成正比,与频率成反比。主震发生后头几天,尾波Qc值(1.5 Hz)波动较大,之后在±1.5倍方差线内趋于稳定,且没有超过5级的强余震发生。姚安地区尾波Qc值具有构造运动活跃、地震活动频繁地区的低Qc值特征。     

小江断裂带地震尾波Q_c值特征研究

利用小江断裂带及邻区10个数字地震台记录到的地震波形资料,采用Aki单次散射模型,计算了各台站半径60km范围内地震尾波Qc值,分别拟合得到10个台站的尾波Qc和η值,并用10个台站的平均结果得出了小江断裂带及邻区尾波Qc值与频率的关系。结果表明,小江断裂带及邻区总体上属低值Qc区;尾波Qc值空间差异较大,小江断裂带中段为低Qc值,明显低于北段和南段的Qc值。研究了尾波Qc值在时间上的变化与中强地震的关系。     

利用Aki模型对宁夏及邻区尾波Q值的研究

利用单次散射的Aki模型,选取2008年1月-2009年12月宁夏地震台网记录的82次ML≥2.0地震的数字地震波资料,计算宁夏及邻区尾波Q值,拟合Q值对频率的依赖关系.全区域数据结果为Q(f)=(212±87.62)·f0.7584±0.19.与国内其它区域相比,本区域Q值较低、对频率依赖性较高.结合区域地震地质构造...     

利用超声尾波干涉评价页岩应力敏感性

岩石应力敏感性是岩石内部微裂隙发育的一种反映,对于致密储层物性和成缝能力（可压性）评价具有重要作用。由于页岩油气储层基质模量高,对应力的敏感性相对较弱,需要寻求新的高灵敏度测试方法。尾波干涉是运用介质中的散射波来监测介质微弱变化的一种测量方法,对岩石应力变化具有较高的敏感性。借助GCTS RTR-1500高温、高压三轴测试试验系统,对重庆城口县下寒武统鲁家坪组露头页岩开展尾波干涉试验,研究了页岩尾波发育规律及其对应力的响应,分析了页岩在不同围压下的应力敏感性。结果表明：页岩尾波应力敏感性大于直达波,S波应力敏感性大于P波;尾波波速相对变化率随应力的变化能够较好地反映页岩内部裂隙的产生,与扩容点有很好的对应关系;围压使部分裂隙闭合,天然裂隙密度减小,页岩应力敏感性系数降低。尾波干涉可作为页岩的应力敏感性和成缝能力评价的方法。     

上海及邻区尾波Q值研究

选取2011年1月~2012年12月上海台网数据库中记录的37次ML≥2.0地震的数字地震波资料,利用单次散射的Aki模型,计算上海及邻区尾波Q值,拟合Q值对频率的依赖关系,结果为Q(f)=(176.2±87.26)·f0.898 4±0.290 8。与国内其他区域相比,本区域Q值偏大,对频率依赖性低。结合上海及邻区地质特征及同期小震空间分布特点,将研究区域划分为以下4个小震密集区:苏中沿海区域、南黄海区域、苏州—东海区域、宁波—舟山区域,分区进行Q值统计分析,表明尾波Q值数据能够较好地反映该区域地震活动性。     

Poroelastic finite-difference modeling for ultrasonic waves in digital porous cores

Scattering attenuation in short wavelengths has long been interesting to geophysicists. Ultrasonic coda waves, observed as the tail portion of ultrasonic wavetrains in laboratory ultrasonic measurements, are important for such studies where ultrasonic waves interact with small-scale random heterogeneities on a scale of micrometers, but often ignored as noises because of the contamination of boundary reflections from the side ends of a sample core. Numerical simulations with accurate absorbing boundary can provide insight into the effect of boundary reflections on coda waves in laboratory experiments. The simulation of wave propagation in digital and heterogeneous porous cores really challenges numerical techniques by digital image of poroelastic properties, numerical dispersion at high frequency and strong heterogeneity, and accurate absorbing boundary schemes at grazing incidence. To overcome these difficulties, we present a staggered-grid high-order finite-difference (FD) method of Biot’s poroelastic equations, with an arbitrary even-order (2L) accuracy to simulate ultrasonic wave propagation in digital porous cores with strong heterogeneity. An unsplit convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML) absorbing boundary, which improves conventional PML methods at grazing incidence with less memory and better computational efficiency, is employed in the simulation to investigate the influence of boundary reflections on ultrasonic coda waves. Numerical experiments with saturated poroelastic media demonstrate that the 2L FD scheme with the CPML for ultrasonic wave propagation significantly improves stability conditions at strong heterogeneity and absorbing performance at grazing incidence. The boundary reflections from the artificial boundary surrounding the digital core decay fast with the increase of CPML thicknesses, almost disappearing at the CPML thickness of 15 grids. Comparisons of the resulting ultrasonic coda Q _sc values between the numerical and experimental ultrasonic S waveforms for a cylindrical rock sample demonstrate that the boundary reflection may contribute around one-third of the ultrasonic coda attenuation observed in laboratory experiments.