碳酸盐岩红色风化壳Ce异常特征及形成机理

Ce在贵州碳酸盐岩红色风化壳剖面上部表现为正异常,在底部稀土超常富集层显示强烈亏损。通过对Ce的质量迁移系数的计算,结合相态分析和水化学分析结果,对碳酸盐岩红色风化壳中“的异常行为进行系统的分析后发现：在剖面上部,Ce^3＋氧化水解,水解产物主要与铁锰氧化物共沉淀,少量的与粘土矿物结合,使得ce保留而相对显示正异常;在剖面底部,Ce负异常一方面来源于对基岩负异常的继承;更重要的是,Ce较其他轻稀土稳定,发生迁移富集的量远远小于La,Nd等轻稀土元素,导致Ce在底部富集时相对于其他轻稀土元素发生强烈亏损。而Ce与HCO3^-络合迁出并不是导致碳酸盐岩红色风化壳中强烈Ce负异常的主要原因。     

阿拉善地区地壳稳定性研究

阿拉善作为中国西部的一个刚性块体,岩石圈有效弹性厚度为40~50km,地壳稳定。新生代以来,由于受印度板块向欧亚板块俯冲的远程效应影响,阿拉善地块发生构造隆升,块体周缘造山带发生构造活动,但块体内部宗乃山一沙拉扎山地区新生代期间为准平原化地貌,新构造运动不发育。综合分析阿拉善地区地壳稳定性和岩体发育情况,笔者遴选出宗乃山～沙拉扎山侵入岩带作为高放废物处置库备选场址的重点工作区。     

黔东南凯里—麻江—丹寨地区奥陶系红花园组古岩溶储层特征

黔东南凯里—麻江—丹寨地区(构造上位于黔南坳陷东北部)下奥陶统红花园组为一套生物碎屑灰岩。该区已发现的麻江古油藏尚未取得油气勘探进展。对区内多处露头剖面中—下奥陶统进行了宏观勘查和采样以及岩样微观薄片分析,证实该套地层曾发生古岩溶作用,并可识别出埋藏岩溶和风化壳岩溶两类古岩溶作用。基于这些岩溶剖面的对比分析,发现古风化壳岩溶受早中奥陶世古隆起及剥蚀时间控制,主要发育于古隆起区麻江古油藏一带,而其它地区为埋藏岩溶。认为古风化壳岩溶形成大量溶蚀孔洞缝,为红花园组提供了优质储层条件。此外在中—下奥陶统大湾组碎屑岩覆盖下的红花园组碳酸盐岩也可以发生埋藏岩溶并形成较好的岩溶型储层。红花园组在黔南坳陷东北部的油藏大多有过暴露或破坏。认为在坳陷西南部寻找古隆起区附近的上述两类储层应是油气勘探方向。     

Three-Dimensional P-Wave Velocity Structure of the Crust of North China

Since the Xingtai (邢台) earthquake in 1966,China Earthquake Administration has carried out a survey campaign along more than thirty deep seismic sounding (DSS) profiles altogether about twenty thousand kilometers long in North China to study the velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle in this region,and has obtained a great number of research findings. However,these researches have not provided a 3D velocity structure model of the crust of North China and cannot provide seismic evidence for the study of the deep tectonic characteristics of the crust of the whole region. Hence,based on the information from the published data of the DSS profiles,we have chosen 14 profiles to obtain a 3D velocity structure model of North China using the vectorization function of the GIS software (Arc/Info) and the Kriging data gridding method. With this velocity structure model,we have drawn the following conclusions: (1) The P-wave velocity of the uppermost crust of North China changes dramatically,exhibiting a complicated velocity structure in plane view. It can be divided into three velocity zones mainly trending towards north-west. In the research area,the lowest-velocity zones lie in the Haihe (海河) plain and Bohai (渤海) Bay. Although the geological structure of the sedimentary overburden in the study area is somewhat inherited by the upper crust,there are still several differences between them. (2) Generally,the P-wave velocity of the crust increases with depth in the study area,but there still exists local velocity reversion. In the east,low-velocity anomalies of the Haihe plain gradually disappear with increasing depth,and the Shanxi (山西) graben in the west is mainly characterized by relatively low velocity anomalies. Bounded by the Taihang (太行) Mountains,the eastern and western parts differ in structural trend of stratum above the crystalline basement. The structural trend of the Huanghuaihai (黄淮海) block in the east is mainly north-east,while that of the Shanxi block and the eastern edge of the Ordos block is mainly north-west. (3) According to the morphological features of Moho,the crust of the study area can be divided into six blocks. In the Shanxi block,Moho apppears like a nearly south-north trending depression belt with a large crustal thickness. In the southern edge of the Inner Mongolia block and the south of the Yanshan (燕山) block,the Moho exhibits a feature of fold belt,trending nearly towards east-west. In the eastern edge of the Ordos block,the structure of Moho is relatively complex,presenting a pattern of fold trending nearly towards north-west with alternating convexes and concaves. Beneath the Huanghuaihai block,the middle and northern parts of the North China rift zone,the Moho is the shallowest in the entire region,with alternating uplifts and depressions in its shape. For the anteclise zone in the west of Shandong (山东) Province,the Moho is discontinuous for the fault depression extending in the north-west direction along Zaozhuang (枣庄) -Qufu (曲阜).     

花岗岩与地壳厚度关系探讨

文中首先从板块构造与大陆构造的对比出发,指出板块构造主要研究洋壳,洋壳主要研究玄武岩,玄武岩主要研究构造环境.大陆构造主要研究陆壳,陆壳玄武岩少花岗岩多,因此,花岗岩在大陆构造研究中具有特殊的地位.由于花岗岩比玄武岩复杂得多,其中尤以源岩和深度对花岗岩的影响最大,是大陆花岗岩研究最重要的课题.文中接着讨论了Sr和Yb的...     

赣中变质基底Nd模式年龄初步研究及基底地壳的形成时代

本文研究了赣东南变质基底的Ｎｄ模式年龄（ＴＤＭ＝１３６０－２１２４Ｍａ,平均为１７５５Ｍａ）,结合变质岩的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ,Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线年龄确认赣中地区存在前寒武纪地壳基底,推测本区还有一个尚未出露的古元古－新太古代的花岗质陆壳,这个陆壳正是元古代的陆源区     

169km以远地壳质量的重力校正值高精度计算及其数值特征

以前国内重力勘探教科书中,关于2.0 km以远地壳质量重力校正值的计算仅限于2.0~166.7 km圆形环带以内,并且采用的是直角坐标系内成立的计算公式。近年,中国地质调查局推出直角坐标系公式和球坐标系公式一起应用的重力校正值计算程序,但校正值计算涉及范围仍然局限于2.0~166.7 km圆形环带内。笔者曾推导出球壳型六面体重力场△g(zi)公式和其他与重力校正计算相关的公式,现用这些公式开展纯球坐标系内地壳质量的重力校正值高精度计算及其数值特征研究。取得的成果是:1全球陆地和海洋表面、尺度约40 km正方形网格上,169km以远地壳全部质量重力校正值计算;2中国陆地2'×2'网格上,169 km以远地壳全部质量重力校正值计算;3西藏雅江大转弯3°×2°小区地表、尺度约0.556 km正方形网格上,169 km以远地壳全部质量重力校正值计算。通过对上述全球和局部地区169 km以远地壳质量的重力校正值分布特征分析,得到如下结论:1全球重力校正值的最大值、最小值和平均值分别为106.990×10-5m/s2(87.877°E,32.271°N),-41.146×10-5m/s2(166.122°E,28.327°N)和-16.439×10-5m/s2,其数值分布特征与全球高程/海深分布特征基本一致。2在局部地区,169~1 272 km大环带的地壳质量的陆地地形校正值分布特征与该区高程分布特征基本一致。这说明,在地形高程差异大的地区,重力校正值中存在与地形高程正相关的高频成分,与以前众多专家的认识大不相同。实际上,该高频成分是由计算区本身相邻计算点之间存在较大的高程差值引起的。3无论局部地区及其周围陆高或海深变化多么大,1 272 km以远地壳质量的重力校正值均近似为数值很小的常数,可以不计算。4当局部地区及其周围高程或海深变化均很平缓时,169 km以远地壳全部质量的重力校正值也近似为常数,也可以不计算。此成果对于完善地壳质量重力校正值高精度计算有重要意义。     

The mafic-ultramafic complex near Finero (Ivrea-Verbano Zone), II. Geochronology and isotope geochemistry

Whole-rock Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of the mafic-ultramafic complex near Finero demonstrate that the magma was derived from a depleted, perhaps MORB-type mantle reservoir. The Sm-Nd data for the Amphibole Peridotite unit can be interpreted as an isochron with an apparent age of 533 ± 20 Ma, which is consistent with a ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb evaporation age of 549 ± 12 Ma of a single zircon grain from the Internal Gabbro unit. However, the interpretation of these apparent ages remains open to question. We therefore retain the alternative hypotheses that the intrusion occurred either about 533 or 270 Ma ago, the latter being the most likely age of emplacement of the much larger magma body near Balmuccia (Val Sesia). The implication of the older emplacement age (if correct) would be that the igneous complex may be related to the numerous amphibolite units, which are intercalated with the metapelites of the overlying Kinzigite Formation, and together with them may constitute an accretionary complex. In this case, the mafic-ultramafic complex itself might also be part of such an accretionary complex (as has been proposed for the Balmuccia peridotite).

Internal Sm-Nd isochrons involving grt, cpx, plag and amph from the Internal Gabbro unit yield concordant ages of 231 ± 23, 226 ± 7, 223 ± 10, 214 ± 17, and 203 ± 13 Ma. These results confirm published evidence for a separate, regional heating event about 215 ± 15 Ma ago.

Initial _Nd(533) values average +6.3 ± 0.4 for six samples of the Amphibole Peridotite unit and +6.0 ± 1.2 for ten samples of the External Gabbro unit. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios require little or no age correction and range from 0.7026 to 0.7047 (with two outliers at 0.7053 and 0.7071). Strong correlations between ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and K₂O and weaker correlations between initial _Nd and K₂O imply a comparatively minor (≤ 10%) contamination of the External Gabbro magma by crustal material and a later alteration by a crustal or seawater-derived fluid. These results contrast sharply with the isotopic composition (negative _Nd and high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values) of the associated mantle rocks, the Phlogopite Peridotite unit, which has been pervasively metasomatized by crustal fluids. This type of metasomatism and its isotopic signature are never seen in the magmatic complex. This evidence rules out any direct genetic relationship between the igneous complex and the mantle peridotite. The crust-mantle interaction is the opposite of that seen at Balmuccia, where the mantle peridotite is essentially ‘pristine’ and the magmatic body has been extensively contaminated by assimilation of crustal rocks.     

大别造山带现今地壳结构-岩石组成研究

通过大别造山带岩石地震波速的高温高压实验测定值与地震测深断面观察值的对比，结合地表出露岩石对深部岩石组成的地球化学示踪，揭示了该造山带现今地壳各结构层的基本岩石组成：上地壳主要由长英质岩石组成，榴辉岩在其中仅占0～20％；中地壳(低速层)主体由长英质片麻岩和花岗岩组成；下地壳上部由80％镁铁质麻粒岩和20％长英质麻粒岩组成；下地壳下部由幔源底侵岩浆作用形成的镁铁质麻粒岩组成。下地壳和上地幔的泊松比为0.265～0．280，明显高于榴辉岩的泊松比，表明其中即使有榴辉岩存在，含量也应极少。各构造单元出露的白垩纪花岗岩具有相似的化学组成，其铅、钕与锶同位素组成均可与北大别的核杂岩相对比，表明花岗岩浆均应以深部核杂岩为源岩。因此，被白垩纪花岗岩侵入的南大别超高压变质岩单元和宿松高压变质岩单元深部均应由核杂岩组成，亦即超高压和高压变质岩应呈拆离的构造岩片覆盖于核杂岩之上。鉴于白垩纪花岗岩的钕模式年龄(tDM)均集中于古元古代(1．8～2．2Ga)，表明花岗岩的源区应限于核杂岩中构成原中地壳下部的古元古代结晶基底岩层。这为中地壳主要由长英质片麻岩组成提供了佐证。考虑到大量花岗岩浆的抽出，应留下更大体积的镁铁质岩残留体，后者在地壳流变增厚调整过程中可能因密度增大而下沉，也可能因地震波速增大而显示下地壳的特征，更可能由于这两方面的原因而使由镁铁质残留体组成的原中地壳下部转变成现今下地壳上部的组成。根据大别碰撞后基性火山岩和侵入岩的地球化学研究，还可证明组成大别下地壳的镁铁质岩更可能是1.1Ga前而非中生代形成的底侵岩层。实践表明，上述两方面研究的结合可较好揭示区域地壳结构一组成。     

青藏高原大陆动力学的科学问题

在初步分析大陆动力学的基本含义及其与岩石圈动力学关系的基础上,提出了青藏高原大陆动力学8个方面的科学问题,其核心科学问题是:青藏高原的形成是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的滞后效应还是大陆板内构造过程;青藏高原不同构造演化阶段是否具有不同的动力学机制;解体的青藏高原岩石圈下地壳何时、何处、如何和为何流动;青藏高原怎样与周边的盆地同步强耦合作用;如何通过青藏高原大陆动力学的创新带动能源、资源、环境、灾害等应用基础理论的创新.