Multiple longshore sand bars in the upper Chesapeake Bay

In the upper Chesapeake Bay (Maryland, U.S.A.) field surveys were conducted at 18 multiple longshore sand bar sites. The multiple bar systems were found in water depths less than approximately 2 m (mean sea level), and exhibited mild bottom slopes of 0·0052 or less. The number of bars composing each system ranged from four to 17 and the spacing between the crests typically increased in the offshore direction, ranging from 12 to 70 m. Bar height also typically increased with distance offshore and ranged from 0·03 to 0·61 m. A grain size analysis of crest and trough sediment did not reveal any significant differences and the sediment was categorized as ‘fine sand’. A review of the literature data indicated that the Chesapeake Bay multiple bars possessed similar characteristics to those found in Gelding Bay (Baltic Sea); similarities in fetch, wave height and tidal range between the two bays may account for this finding. The surf-scaling parameter indicated that the multiple bar systems were extremely dissipative with regard to wave energy, and wave height appeared to be an important factor in controlling bar spacing and bar height. A multiple wave break point hypothesis was discussed as a possible mechanism for the formation of Chesapeake Bay multiple longshore bars, and limited observational evidence appeared to support such a mechanism.     

Particulate organic matter in the coastal and estuarine waters of Goa and its relationship with phytoplankton production

In the coastal and estuarine waters of Goa, particulate organic carbon (POC) varied from 0.52 to 2.51 mg l^?1 and from 0.28 to 5.24 mg l^?1 and particulate phosphorus (PP) varied from 0.71 to 5.18 μg l^?1 and from 0.78 to 20.34 μg l^?1, respectively. The mean values of chlorophyll and primary productivity were 1.94 mg m^?3 and 938.1 mg C m^?2 day^?1 in the coastal waters and 4.3 mg m^?3 and 636.5 mg C m^?1 day^?1 in the estuarine waters, respectively.$\text{POC}\text{chl}$ ratios were low in June and October even when POC values were quite high. The POC in surface waters was linearly correlated with the chlorophyll content. Also PP increased when chlorophyll and primary productivity remained high. The results suggest that the phytoplankton was sharply increasing and contributed to POC and PP content. The percentage of detritus calculated from the intercept values of chlorophyll on POC varied from 46 to 76% depending on season. Results indicate that the major portion of POC and PP during postmonsoon (October–January) is derived from phytoplankton production while the allochthonous matter predominate during monsoon (June–September).     

Vulnerability of Kuwait coast to sea level rise

Assessing coastal vulnerability to sea level rise (SLR) at local and regional scales is a fundamental step for designing successful long-term coastal management plans. This study was thus designed to assess Kuwait coastal vulnerability to SLR at four scenarios (.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 m). Potential inundated areas and the number of people at risk were estimated based on these SLR scenarios. A coastal vulnerability index (CVI) map of Kuwait was then computed based on the lowest scenario using eight parameters: elevation, coastal slope, geomorphology, distance to 20-m isobath, population, land use, cultural heritage and transportation. The geographic distribution of inundated areas at an SLR of .5 m revealed that the northern islands of Kuwait and coastal areas along Kuwait Bay would be highly impacted, whereas the coastal area near Shuaibah Port was the most influenced among the southern coasts. Most of the coastal area exhibited a moderate vulnerability to SLR, especially the northern islands. This study presented an initial vulnerability assessment for Kuwait coasts to SLR, which can be extended with more variables. The integrated remote sensing and geographic information system methodology demonstrated in this study can be applied in similar studies elsewhere.     

A new species of Eunice (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) from Hainan Island, South China Sea

Ataxonomic survey of benthic marine animals from coastal regions of Hainan Island, South China Sea, revealed specimens of a new species of Eunice (Polychaeta: Eunicida: Eunicidae), Eunice uschakovi n. sp., collected from the intertidal zone. The species belongs to the group of Eunice that has yellow tridentate subacicular hooks and branchiae scattered over an extensive region of the body. It resembles E. miurai and E. havaica in having both bidentate and tridentate falcigers, but can be readily distinguished by branchial features. Comparisons between E. uschakovi and the two related species are presented.     

滨海休闲体育产业的绿色发展研究

概述了滨海休闲体育产业绿色发展的研究现状,界定了滨海休闲体育产业绿色发展的概念,论述了滨海休闲体育产业绿色发展的必然趋势,分析了绿色发展的制约因素,探讨了滨海休闲体育产业绿色发展的实现路径。     

中国沿海地区近20年台风灾害风险评价

依据自然灾害系统理论,综合考虑致灾因子和承灾体特征,提出台风灾害风险评价方法。在GIS环境下对中国沿海地区台风灾害危险性、脆弱性和风险进行分析评价。评价结果显示:海南省、上海市和广东省、福建省、浙江省的沿海区域台风灾害危险性较高;北京市、天津市、上海市和江苏省、山东省的大部分地区及广东省、福建省、浙江省、河北省的沿海区域承灾体脆弱性较高;海南省、上海市和广东省、福建省、浙江省的沿海区域台风灾害风险较高;而北京市、天津市以及河北省、辽宁省和山东省的大部分区域台风灾害风险较低。     

江苏里下河地区洪涝灾害演变趋势与成灾机理分析

江苏里下河地区是相对封闭的水网地区,洪涝频繁。研究该地区洪涝演变趋势和成灾机理对区域防洪减灾具有重要意义。里下河地区洪涝演变趋势表现在洪涝类型的多样性,高水位日益频繁、高水位发生机率加大,致灾暴雨频率增大等方面。在自然成因方面,流域暴雨是成灾的主要原因,锅底洼的形态是洪涝发生的地貌大背景,水系的复杂格局也加剧了洪涝的程度和频度。在人类活动方面,不合理的圩垸垦殖导致湖荡萎缩,减弱了水体调蓄能力;闸坝建设引起河道淤积、排涝能力降低致使洪水位趋高;城镇化改变下垫面性质的水文效应也是洪涝频繁的主要因素。     

区域可持续发展的一种评价模型:综合协调度——以广东省沿海城市为例

采用层次分析法(AHP)和主成分分析法建立了一种区域可持续发展定量评价的指标体系和综合协调度模型,确定了评价指标体系的权重,并根据广东省沿海14个地市1995年至2004年的统计数据,对其可持续发展综合协调度进行了定量评价。结果表明:(1)广东省沿海区域可持续发展的综合协调度总体上呈现上升趋势,但东中西部分布不均衡,呈现粤中较高东西两翼较低的格局;(2)14个沿海地市中,1995年综合协调度均处于较弱水平(Ⅳ),到2004年,只有深圳、广州的综合协调度超过0.4,达到中等协调水平(Ⅲ),而其它地市仍处于较弱水平(Ⅳ)的综合协调度阶段。     

综合型海滨度假区形态规划研究

选取两处中外典型案例——三亚亚龙湾度假区和印尼努沙杜阿度假区进行比较研究,发现成功开发的综合型海滨度假区在形态规划方面存在一些共同特征:度假区与东道社区应保持一定的空间隔离,同时维持度假区与社区之间的互动关系,避免社区在旅游开发中被边缘化;海滨度假区分区规划应坚持级差地租导向和功能控制的原则,使得稀缺的海滨土地资源开发价值得到优化;度假区内通道系统设计应简洁通畅,在保证海岸生态环境不被破坏的前提下,尽可能保持一线度假酒店与海滨沙滩的一体性;度假区内应合理布局若干商业服务中心,既满足度假客人多样化需求,又为东道社区增加就业机会,促进度假区与社区一体化发展。     

Impacts of afforestation on groundwater resources and quality

Plans to double the proportion of land under forest cover in Ireland by the year 2035 have been initiated. The plan, primarily financially driven, ignores potential environmental impacts of forestry, particularly impacts on groundwater resources and quality. Since groundwater supplies almost 25% of Ireland's total potable water, these impacts are important. Field investigations indicate that afforestation leads to a reduction in runoff by as much as 20%, mainly due to interception of rainfall by forest canopies. Clearfelling has the opposite impact. Implications are that uncoordinated forestry practices can potentially exacerbate flooding. Groundwater recharge is affected by forestry, largely due to greater uptake of soil water by trees and to increased water-holding capacity of forest soils, arising from higher organic contents. Recharge rates under forests can be reduced to one tenth that under grass or heathland. Groundwater quality may be affected by enhanced acidification and nitrification under forests, due partly to scavenging of atmospheric pollutants by forest canopies, and partly to greater deposition of highly acid leaf litter. The slower recharge rates of groundwater under forests lead to significant delays in manifestation of deterioration in groundwater quality. Electronic Publication