韩国海岸港口工程概况

简要介绍了韩国海岸和海洋环境、港口发展、海岸和港口工程的有关机构和团体，并综述其近年来海岸动力方面研究的课题和成果。内容包括海洋动力因素、海岸波浪观测和设计波浪的确定、波浪的传播变形、不规则波理论、非线性波和波浪破碎、波浪与建筑物相互作用、泥沙运动、海岸演变和环境影响分析等方面。     

A Model for Nonlinear Irregular Waves in Coastal Area

Based on the refraction-diffraction theory of irregular waves in the waters of slowly-varying cur-rents and depths,and the generation dissipation theory of wind wave,a model for nonlinear irregular wavesin coastal area is developed.In light of the specific conditions of coastal wave character and engineering ap-plication,a practical mathematical model for the nonlinear irregular waves is presented.with directional spec-trum in coastal area.Coast effect,refraction,whitecapping.bottom friction.current,wind and nonlinearaction are considered in this model.The numerical methods and schemes for wave refraction ray,energy con-servation of propagation,energy balance of the generation and dissipation of wind waves have been studied.Finally,the model is used for the directional wave spectrum computation in the Daya Bay.Compared withthe measured data with 956 wave bouys in the Daya Bay,the model results are in good agreement with themeasured results.     

Detection of 36 antibiotics in coastal waters using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Among pharmaceuticals and personal care products released into the aquatic environment, antibiotics are of particular concern, because of their ubiquity and health effects. Although scientists have recently paid more attention to the threat of antibiotics to coastal ecosystems, researchers have often focused on relatively few antibiotics, because of the absence of suitable analytical methods. We have therefore developed a method for the rapid detection of 36 antibiotic residues in coastal waters, including tetracyclines (TCs), sulfanilamides (SAs), and quinolones (QLs). The method consists of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, using electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode. The SPE was performed with Oasis HLB and Oasis MCX cartridges. Chromatographic separation on a C18 column was achieved using a binary eluent containing methanol and water with 0.1% formic acid. Typical recoveries of the analytes ranged from 67.4% to 109.3% at a fortification level of 100 ng/L. The precision of the method, calculated as relative standard deviation (RSD), was below 14.6% for all the compounds. The limits of detection (LODs) varied from 0.45 pg to 7.97 pg. The method was applied to determine the target analytes in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea in Liaoning, China. Among the tested antibiotics, 31 were found in coastal waters, with their concentrations between the LOD and 212.5 ng/L. These data indicate that this method is valid for analysis of antibiotics in coastal waters. The study first reports such a large number of antibiotics along the Yellow Sea coast of Liaoning, and should facilitate future comprehensive evaluation of antibiotics in coastal ecosystems.     

台湾北部近岸海域春末浮游动物的组成及分布特征

本研究于2003年5月5日至6日对台湾北部近岸海域，具有地区特征的5个测站进行浮游动物数量、组成等调查研究．结果共发现22大类浮游动物，桡足类为此次调查的主要优势大类，约占总浮游动物个体数量的42．57％，其次为桡足幼体(copepodids)。占27．38％，两者在各测站的出现率皆高达100％．根据浮游动物丰度比较、群聚分析与水文状况，可将东北3个测站与西北2个测站分为两个不同的群落．其中，西北部测站可能因沿岸溪流大量有机物的注入，有利浮游动物增生，因此丰度较高，但5个测站的浮游动物多样性皆不高，与台湾其它沿岸海域研究结果相似．     

Evolution of groundwater salinity in the unconfined aquifer of Bou-Areg, Northeastern Mediterranean coast, Morocco

The Bou-Areg plain in the Mediterranean coast at the North-eastern of Morocco is characterized by a semi-arid climate. The aquifer consists of two sedimentary formations of Plio-quaternary age: the upper formation of fine silts and the lower one of coarse silts with sand and gravels. The aquifer is underlain by marly bedrock of Miocene age that dips toward the coastal lagoon of Bou-Areg. The hydrodynamic characteristics vary between 10⁻⁴ and 10⁻³ m/s; and transmissivities range between 10⁻⁴ and 10⁻¹ m²/s. The general direction of flow is SW to NE, toward the lagoon. The aquifer is crossed by the river Selouane, which also ends in the lagoon. The groundwater is characterized by a high salinity that can reach 7.5 g/l. The highest values are observed in the upstream and in the downstream sectors of the aquifer. The temporal evolution of the physico-chemical parameters depends on the climatic conditions and piezometric variations. The analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of the physico-chemical parameters suggests different sources of groundwater salinization: the seawater intrusion, the influence of marly gypsum-bearing terrains, and the influence of anthropogenic products as the agricultural fertilizers, which cause great nitrate concentrations that vary between 80 and 140 mg/l.     

长江口北翼海滨地区海水入侵的地球化学特征初步研究

利用2009年2月和8月两次在长江口北部滨海地区地下水调查取得水化学数据,综合运用数理统计法、Piper三线图法,分析长江口北翼滨海平原海水入侵区浅层地下水的地球化学特征,识别不同季节浅层地下水水化学类型的特征.研究结果表明:(1)研究区地下水主要靠大气降水及地表水体渗透补给,季节变化对区域内地下水水化学空间变异性影响...     

盘锦海岸带开发与生态耦合性分析

针对海岸带开发强度与生态环境交互影响研究的不足,该文以盘锦海岸带为研究对象,借鉴物理学耦合度理论,建立开发强度与生态环境动态耦合综合评价指标体系,并定量分析2003-2013年二者间耦合过程与演进趋势。结果表明,盘锦海岸带开发强度与生态环境耦合协调度随时间呈上升趋势,协调类型由不协调发展过渡为协调发展,由开发强度受阻转变成生态环境滞后,符合盘锦实际情况。该研究方法结合地理国情监测数据,分析海岸带开发与生态环境动态耦合关系,对深入开展海岸带地理国情监测有重要参考价值。     

我国近岸海域富营养化评价新方法及应用

参考目前国际上被广泛应用的第2代富营养化评价方法体系,结合我国近岸海域生态环境特点和监测资料现状,建立了一种以压力-状态-响应模式为基本框架、以富营养化症状为主的第2代近岸海域富营养化评价体系。实际应用结果表明,应用本方法得出的长江口海域富营养化状况评价结论,与目前国外主流评价方法的评价结论一致,而且本方法具有评价指标代表性强、数据资料易得、评价标准有据、方法简便易行等优点。     

Public participation and climate change adaptation: avoiding the illusion of inclusion

Public participation is commonly advocated in policy responses to climate change. Here we discuss prospects for inclusive approaches to adaptation, drawing particularly on studies of long-term coastal management in the UK and elsewhere. We affirm that public participation is an important normative goal in formulating response to climate change risks, but argue that its practice must learn from existing critiques of participatory processes in other contexts. Involving a wide range of stakeholders in decision-making presents fundamental challenges for climate policy, many of which are embedded in relations of power. In the case of anticipatory responses to climate change, these challenges are magnified because of the long-term and uncertain nature of the problem. Without due consideration of these issues, a tension between principles of public participation and anticipatory adaptation is likely to emerge and may result in an overly managed form of inclusion that is unlikely to satisfy either participatory or instrumental goals. Alternative, more narrowly instrumental, approaches to participation are more likely to succeed in this context, as long as the scope and limitations of public involvement are made explicit from the outset.     

Radium and radon content in the carbonate-rock aquifer of the southern Italian region of Apulia

High concentrations of ²²²Rn have been found throughout the waters of the coastal carbonate-rock Mesozoic aquifer located in the region of Apulia in southern Italy. Studies undertaken have determined that such concentrations are due to the radioisotopic features of terra rossa, a type of paleosol that is generated as a residual byproduct of carbonate dissolution and is found to be widespread throughout the aquifers fissures and karst cavities.These special types of soil feature a rather high clay content (80–95%) and, although variable, their specific ²²⁶Ra activity (70–147 Bq/kg) is nonetheless considerably greater than that of limestone (~50 Bq/kg). In fact, there are substantial differences in ²²²Rn concentrations found in waters that come into contact with this type of rock and paleosol.The partial dissolution of some carbonate rock samples in the laboratory confirmed that the ²²⁶Ra released by the dissolved rock primarily accumulates in the residual soil deposits, especially in ones containing finer granules. This has also been the result of experiments conducted on 15 terra rossa samples collected from the region, which indicates that there is a close correlation between the specific ²²⁶Ra activity and the clay content of such paleosols, which varies with the stage of weathering.It has been found that the ²²²Rn concentrations in the regions waters, depend on the specific terra rossa ²²⁶Ra activity rather than on the quantity of terra rossa.Field checks have confirmed the possibility of using ²²⁶Ra and ²²²Rn as natural tracers in order to define hydrogeological problems in special environments such as karst. They can be used to distinguish the different water bearing zones in the carbonate-rock aquifer; analyze the influence of tides on coastal springs; determine the flow direction in the proximity of a well; recognize, recharge and the progressive decline of the groundwater level; derive indications of underground flow paths; and the occurrence of fissures and karstic cavities in the carbonate-rock aquifer.