ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON URBAN SYSTEM IN CHINA

Tl1eincreaseindomeSticmarkotalonecouldnotachieveeconon1icgrowthti1atChinaexpenencedinthel98os.Chinahasanaverageannualgrowthrateofl4.3perwtinthepenodofl978-l99o,whichisoneofthehighestinAsiaandtheworId.Sucl1highecononticgrowthhasbamachievedthrougheconon1icrefon11sandglobalizationofitseconomy.TheglobaliZationofitseconon1yisanintentionaleffortoftheopa1policyadoPtedinl978.BecauseofthelrlOCationaladvantage,itisnotsuI`Prisingtofindthateconomicgrowthofthecoastalprovincesisfasterthanililandprovince…     

IMPACTS OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON MAJOR PROJECTS AND URBANDEVELOPMENT IN CHINA''S COASTAL PLAINS

LIntroductionSeaIevelnse(SLR)isacertainresu1tcausedbyclimaticwampandunreasonableanthropogedcaCtivities,itwillbringaboutaseriesofnegaivethesonenvironmentalevoltalonandsocio-econonucdevelopmentincoastalarea.Cboaisavastcowtrywithl8,OOOkmand14,OOOkmofcontinentalandislandcoastlinesrespeCtively.Over3Ohaddleandbigcitiesandneariy2Oimportantharbours,includingTianJin,ShanghaiandGuanghouarelocatedinthecoastalareawhere4lpercentofthenation'spopulahonandoveY5operedofGNP(GrossNationalProduCt)iscon…     

Central Chile: An example of quasi-static crustal behavior

Abstract Indications of transient crustal displacement associated with the 3 March 1985, M, = 7.8, Central Chile earthquake are evidenced by various observational devices. Almost half a meter of coastal uplift at localities close to the epicentral region was detected by repeated leveling lines. A tide gauge at Valparaiso revealed minor coseismic coastal subsidence (∼ 10 cm) continuously developing after the earthquake. Two limnigraphs, 27 km apart, that were situated at the extremes of Rapel Lake to the south of the leveling line, have recorded continuously the equipotential lake level for more than 10 years, providing a permanent very-long-base tiltmeter. The water level difference at the two limnigraphs as a function of time resembles a ramp function, beginning approximately at the time of the earthquake occurrence and gradually developing over a period of 10 months with a maximum amplitude of 120 mm or 4.4 p radians in tilt. The shape of the time-dependent tilt is mimicked by the sea level signal recorded at Valparaiso, ∼ 100 km away from Rapel Lake, showing a maximum coastal subsidence of 0.6 m. Comparisons of sea level changes produced by the 1971, M, = 7.5, earthquake indicates that they represent rupture in different portions along the seismogenetic region as well as a different rupture mode. Gravity surveys carried out in three different pre- and post-seismic epochs, along the segment of the leveling line which shows major coseismic uplift, indicate that the whole region has subsided, post-seismically, 10 em in 5 years. These observations are interpreted in terms of a variable slip dislocation model. Inversions show that it is the more than 2 m of fault displacement in 10 months of post-seismic movement along the contact between the Nazca and South America plates, which is interpreted to be responsible for the time-dependent elevation changes.     

福建滨海牛山岛-兄弟屿断裂活动性与地震

闽南粤东沿海的泉州—汕头地震带是我国东南沿海地震活动水平最高的地方．该地区经济发达，人口密集，是我国最著名的侨乡．因此，进一步深入研究牛山岛—兄弟屿断裂带及其活动性对该区的地震监测预报、防震减灾和重大工程的地震安全性评价都具有重要意义．研究结果表明，牛山岛—兄弟屿断裂带今后仍有可能发生ＭＳ≥７地震     

The water is not empty: cross‐cultural issues in conceptualising sea space

This paper provides an analysis of the neglect and marginalisation of indigenous peoples’ sea rights. It aims to explain how a complex and ecologically appropriate alternative law of the sea has largely escaped research interests and, until recently, has not been recognised by western systems of law and resource and environmental management. It is argued that the dominance of western views and concepts of nature and landscape predicated on western knowledge and values marginalises indigenous concepts of nature and undermines effective indigenous control of social space. Cultural differences between Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal ways of constructing meaning in the sea provide the vantage point from which to explore the relations between differences in cultural values, property rights, and political and economic control over marine and coastal environments.     

海南岛东北部海岸沙丘的沉积构造特征及其发育模式

海岸沙丘沉积构造中既有大型交错层理,也具某些区别于内陆沙丘构造的特征,如厚层顶积层的保存及变形层理的普遍存在。 本区海岸沙丘形成于东北季风,沙源来自海滩砂。从海滩后滨向陆地的沙丘类型依次是海岸前丘、横向沙丘和新月形沙丘、抛物线沙丘、纵向沙丘、海岸沙席。其中海岸前丘和沙席为海岸沙丘区别于内陆沙丘的特有类型。本区海岸沙丘的发育开始于3000年前。     

Seasonal variability of the temperature field off the south-west coast of India

The temperature field in the coastal region off south-west India exhibits a wellmarked annual cycle. Around March the isotherms develop an upward tilt near the coast. The magnitude of the tilt increases continuously till August, then decreases and vanishes in November. To check the hypothesis that this feature is in response to the local wind, we have used the resultant wind data to determine the annual march of the wind stress. It is found that though weak during November–March, the monthly-mean longshore component of the wind stress is always conducive to coastal upwelling and follows a pattern similar to that of the isotherm tilt. We interpret this result to indicate that coastal processes in the area during April–October are controlled by the longshore component of the local wind stress in accordance with the classical model for a coastal upwelling system. During November–March, when the wind stress is weak, it appears that the influence of the longshore density gradient, which persists at the surface during this period, dominates over the effect of the wind.     

Estimation of transmissivity from specific capacity data in fractured carbonate rock aquifer,central Jordan

Transmissivity of an aquifer is determined from pumping test analysis, but due to the difficulty of performing such tests as well as the relatively high cost of these test, it is often estimated from specific capacity data. In this study an empirical relation is derived using 237 pairs of transmissivity and specific capacity values that are obtained from groundwater wells penetrating a fractured and karstified carbonate aquifer. Linear and logarithmic regression functions have been performed and it is found that the logarithmic relationship predicting transmissivity from specific capacity data has a better correlation (r=0.95) than linear one (r=0.84). This is logically true because both transmissivity and specific capacity are lognormally distributed. The spatial distribution of transmissivity is also affected by the presence of fracturing and karstification phenomena within the aquifer matrix.     

Diatom paleoecology of the Mar Chiquita lagoon delta,Argentina

A 68 cm thick outcrop of diatomaceous sediments at the head of Mar Chiquita Lagoon on the Argentine coast near Buenos Aires provides evidence of Holocene paleoenvironmental changes related to sea level changes and freshwater input to the lagoon system. Salinity tolerances of extant diatom taxa were used for the reconstruction and multivariate analytical techniques were applied to reduce subjective interpretations of the diatom percentage data.The basal half of the record was deposited before 3000 years ago and fossil diatoms indicate generally freshwater conditions with one fluctuation in mesohalobous diatoms suggesting brackish water conditions at a depth of about 60 cm. Polyhalobous (marine) diatoms characterize the record after 3000 years ago and large numbers of epiphytic diatoms indicate salt marsh environments with episodic seawater fluctuations to supratidal levels. Freshwater diatoms returned at the top of the outcrop, presumably as a result of the restriction of the historic marine inlet to the lagoon and the effects of freshwater inflow to the basin.This is the second in a series of papers published in this issue on Paleolimnology in Southern South America. Dr. C. A. Fernández served as guest editor for these papers.     

江苏沿海地区深层地下水开发利用现状及环境地质问题

江苏沿海地区深层地下水在开发利用过程中，由于开采布局不合理和存在“三集中”(开采层次集中、开采地段集中、开采时间集中)以及水文环境地质条件脆弱等因素，出现水位逐年下降，并形成区域性降落漏斗，致使部分地段地下水资源枯竭、水质成化和诱发地面沉降等诸多环境地质问题。本文着重分析沿海地区深层地下水开发利用的6个阶段(初级、城市开采、城市超采、区域超采、区域控制开采和区域压缩开采阶段)、区域降落漏斗的3个发展过程(1986年、1995年和2002年)和因深层水超量开采诱发的水资源枯竭、水质成化和地面沉降等环境地质问题的发育特征及演化趋势，从地下水资源管理和可持续发展的角度，提出深层水的保护规划、浅层咸水、海水资源的开发利用、实行强制节水、污水资源化和发展海洋性产业的对策建议。