The origin and distribution of HAPs elements in relation to maceral composition of the A1 lignite bed (Paleocene, Calvert Bluff Formation, Wilcox Group), Calvert mine area, east-central Texas

The origin and distribution of twelve potentially Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs; As, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, and U) identified in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments were examined in relation to the maceral composition of the A1 bed (Paleocene, Calvert Bluff Formation, Wilcox Group) of the Calvert mine in east-central Texas. The 3.2 m-thick A1 bed was divided into nine incremental channel samples (7 lignite samples and 2 shaley coal samples) on the basis of megascopic characteristics. Results indicate that As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb, and U are strongly correlated with ash yield and are enriched in the shaley coal samples. We infer that these elements are associated with inorganic constituents in the coal bed and may be derived from a penecontemporaneous stream channel located several kilometers southeast of the mining block. Of the HAPs elements studied, Mn and Hg are the most poorly correlated to ash yield. We infer an organic association for Mn; Hg may be associated with pyrite. The rest of the trace elements (Be, Co, and Se) are weakly correlated with ash yield. Further analytical work is necessary to determine the mode of occurrence for these elements. Overall, concentrations of the HAPs elements are generally similar to or less than those reported in previous studies of lignites of the Wilcox Group, east-central region, Texas. Petrographic analysis indicates the following ranges in composition for the seven lignite samples: liptinites (5–8%), huminites (88–95%), and inertinites (trace amounts to 7%). Samples from the middle portion of the A1 bed contain abundant crypto-eugelinite compared to the rest of the samples; this relationship suggests that the degradation of plant material was an important process during the development of the peat mire. With the exception of Hg and Mn, relatively low levels of the HAPs elements studied are found in the samples containing abundant crypto-eugelinite. We infer that the peat-forming environment for this portion of the coal bed was very wet with minimal detrital input. Relatively high concentrations of crypto-humotelinite were found in samples from the top and base of the coal bed. The presence of abundant crypto-humotefinite in this part of the coal bed suggests the accumulation of wood-rich peat under conditions conducive to a high degree of tissue preservation in the peat mire. Although several of the trace elements (Be, Co, Ni, and Sb) exhibit enrichment in these samples, they are not necessarily chemically associated with humotelinite. We infer that these elements, with the exception of Be, are possibly associated with deposition of the roof and floor rock of the coal bed; however, further analytical work would be necessary to confirm this hypothesis. Beryllium may have an organic origin.     

对煤中锗矿化若干问题的思考——以临沧锗矿为例

本文在综述煤中锗矿化国内外研究现状的基础上，以临沧锗矿为例，深入讨论了在煤系地层中形成超大型独立锗矿床的特殊条件。结果表明，煤是锗成矿极有利的围岩，煤能否富集锗主要取决于有无富锗流体与煤相互作用。     

陕西渭北煤田5#煤层粘土岩夹矸的研究

渭北煤田面积约１０万ｋｍ２。分布于太原组顶部５＃煤层中的粘土岩夹矸，上部层位分为两上分层，上分层夹矸厚度薄，下分层夹矸厚约０２ｍ，俗称“２００矸”；下部层位夹矸厚度变化较大。该文详细论述了粘土岩夹矸的岩矿特征。根据“２００矸”中含有副象β－石英、高透长石、锆石、磁铁矿等高温矿物组合，特有的粒序层理和岩性在全煤田十分稳定等特点，表明其原始物质来源于降落火山灰。根据ＴｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３比值的明显变化，探讨了陆源组分的加入对火山灰蚀变粘土岩夹矸化学成分的影响。以“２００矸”为等时标志层，解决了５＃煤层在区域上的对比。     

四川南部晚二叠世构造对煤类分布的影响

深成煤化作用是川南地区煤化作用的主导因素，本文着重阐明了构造对煤类分布的影响。     

山东淄博地区晚古生代成煤环境演替

淄博地区本溪期—石千峰期沉积环境经历了障壁岛—泻湖—台地环境，三角洲环境，曲流河环境体系的演替。相应的泥炭形成环境有不稳定的局限泻湖泥炭坪，较开阔泻湖泥炭坪，中等稳定的开阔泻湖泥炭坪，三角洲平原分流河道两侧的泥炭沼泽，洪泛平原上的泥炭沼泽。成煤植物上，本溪期以Ｃｏｒｄａｉｔｅｓ，Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒａｌｅｓ，Ｎｅｕｒｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ为主，太原期华夏植物群发展，Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ，Ｃｏｒｄａｉｔｅｓ继续发育，真蕨纲和种子蕨纲占越来越重要的地位。山西期以Ｏｄｏｎｔｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｓｐ．，Ａｎｎｕｌａｒｉａｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ，Ｐｅｃｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ，Ｐ．ｎｏｒｉｎｉ为主。自煤系形成至今，本区经历了海西印支期的普遍沉降埋藏、燕山期的普遍抬升局部断陷、喜山期的剥蚀、新构造运动期的差异沉降等阶段。古构造、古气候对本区成煤环境有重要的控制作用。     

三角洲平原上网结河的发育与聚煤作用

龙潭组上段（２４＃煤顶板到１２＃煤）是盘县地区含煤最好的层段，对该区西北部本段地层的研究表明其中发育有网结河体系。河道沉积由多层叠置的鞋带状砂体组成，湿地沉积主要由菱铁质泥质岩夹薄层板状细砂岩（决口扇沉积）和煤组成。河流的发育和聚煤作用都显示幕式性，可能主要受海平面变化的控制。网结状河道被认为是海侵期对低位下切河谷充填过程中经侧向冲裂水道并相互连通形成的；稳定、连续的厚煤层发育于河道大范围废弃后的海侵晚期，其次是高水位早期。     

煤中黄铁矿的成因研究

本文在系统地研究四川晚二叠世高硫煤中黄铁矿矿物学的基础上，运用微区电子探针、中子活化、Ｘ光电子能谱和硫同位素等多 种方法综合地研究煤中黄铁矿的结构、成分、价态及同位素等成因标型特征，对黄铁矿标型特征进行了成因探讨，有效地判别了成岩期形成的Ｉ型脉状黄铁矿及后生热液Ⅱ型脉状黄铁矿。同时提出直接沉淀系列（自形晶→集合→聚晶）和复杂成因（微粒、莓粒→圆球→结核→团块）等两大类成因演化模式。它不仅对不同类型     

面向21世纪的煤化工

煤炭是中国的主要能源和资源，但同时也是主要的污染源。从保护环境、合理利用有限的化石资源的角度和中国的具体国情考虑，应该大力开发温和化高效煤的新工艺，使煤炭资源逐步由能源型利用转化为材料型利用，近年来，我们在煤的溶剂萃取，脱硫降灰机理，煤相关模型化合物反应，煤焦油中稠环芳香族化合物的分离精制，功能性高分子单体合成及一氧化碳高效吸附剂的制备等方面做了大量的研究工作，结合这些研究工作，本文介绍了煤化工的     

印尼中加里曼丹波拉湾煤勘探区的构造解析

本文从区域构造背景出发，根据波拉湾煤勘探区地表及钻孔资料综合分析，建立了逆冲断层Ｆ１、Ｆ２及其配套的ｆ１、ｆ２……构造，理顺了错综复杂的构造格局，将推覆构造理论成功地用于援外生产实践。     

Surface chemical analysis in coal preparation research: complementary information from XPS and ToF-SIMS

The application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to coal surface characterisation for preparation research is described. Progress towards the acquisition of complementary surface chemical information by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is also discussed. Surface-based beneficiation techniques such as flotation are assuming greater importance as the proportion of fines in raw coal increases due to the proliferation of high capacity mining methods. A necessary condition for the floatability of a coal particle is adequate hydrophobicity, and the degree of hydrophobicity of the flotation concentrate is one factor influencing the ease with which its dewatering can be affected. The hydrophobicity of a coal is very difficult to measure directly because of microporosity, and it is often necessary to deduce the degree of hydrophobicity from a knowledge of the surface chemistry. XPS is able to provide sufficient analytical data to allow relative levels of hydrophobicity to be estimated. In principle, ToF-SIMS should be able to supply additional information enabling refinement of such estimates; however, there are insufficient data at present to allow the ionic fragments detected to be related to specific functional groups at the coal surface.