The petrography,structure and mechanical behaviour of coals

Summary The objective of this study is to determine the parameters which influence coal's mechanical behaviour. The two coals examined (HBL, Simon, France and Barro Banco, Brazil) structurally originated from different deposits. The differences are readily explained by the contrasting composition of vitrain, clarain, durain and fusain. Their mechanical behaviour is linked to their petrographical composition. The Lorrainain coal behavioural pattern was evaluated. It is elastobrittle or elastoplastic with progressive failure. Brazilian coal behaves according to a pattern of elastoplastic with progressive failure or perfect elastoplastic.     

An isotopic study of hydrocarbon generation processes

The sources of reservoired liquid hydrocarbons in Australia differ substantially from their Northern Hemisphere counterparts. Not only are Australian source rocks largely of terrigenous origin but the concepts accepted as defining the hydrocarbon potential of source rocks have recently been challenged. Although isotopic measurements on Australian source rocks and liquid hydrocarbon products closely parallel those published from elsewhere, new interpretations of these data have been made, particularly with regard to D/H ratios in coals. As interesting as such results may be, the most important findings relate to the origins and histories of methane, the higher gaseous hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, and the interpretation of these data in terms of hydrocarbon genesis. Simple Northern Hemisphere concepts which characterize gases as being biogenic, oil-associated, etc., on the bases of their isotopic and chemical compositions are clearly not applicable to the Australian scene. Indeed justification of such precise classifications in the Northern Hemisphere on the available evidence is also questioned.Isotopic and compositional data from gases from the Cooper, Bowen, Sydney and Gippsland Basins and from the North West Shelf (Australia) are reviewed, and assessed in terms of generation pathways.     

抚顺煤田接触热变质带及其煤变质因素分析

通过对抚顺煤田西露天矿的大比便尺填图以及横向追索,发现大量的接触热变质“烧变煤”的存在,观察到接触热变质带与辉绿岩呈明显的热接触关系。在此基础上,结合岩浆岩研究指出抚顺煤田煤变质为一种具有浅成、高温,作用时间较短的岩浆热变质作用的产物。     

陕北高挥发分烟煤煤质特征与应用研究

通过煤质分析、煤岩分析与葛-金干馏试验等对比实验，研究了陕北横山、神府矿区等地侏罗纪不粘-弱粘煤及其配煤的煤炭特性、低温干馏特性以及单种煤与配煤低温干馏性能差异和变化规律。结果表明，陕北侏罗纪煤具有较高的焦油产率，配煤在降低煤中含硫量的同时，有利于低温干馏过程的进行和产品质量的提高；此外，在掌握原煤显微组成和低温干馏特性的情况下，可以预测配煤低温干馏产品的相关参数。     

煤矸石堆周围土壤重金属污染特征分析--以焦作市中马村矿为例

利用扇形布点法采集了焦作市中马村矿矸石堆周围土壤，对其中的Cr、Pb、Cu、Mn4种重金属含量进行了研究。结果表明：煤矸石的堆放对周围土壤造成不同程度的污染，重金属的含量随离矸石堆距离增大呈减小的趋势，主要受到风向的影响。     

湖南利民煤矿煤与瓦斯突出量级程度划分及其应用研究

根据煤与瓦斯突出的地质条件,对煤岩体系中的弹性潜能、瓦斯内能、采场附加应力积聚的能量分别进行了定性的划分,并结合弹性潜能、瓦斯内能,对煤与瓦斯突出的量级程度也尝试性地首次做出分类,并提高了原来的下限指标。对典型突出模式进行了简要地分析,为今后开展防治利民矿井煤与瓦斯突出工作提供了新的思路与对策。     

西南某水利枢纽废旧煤洞的工程效应研究

通过对西南某水利枢纽工程坝区煤系地层的系统研究,揭示了在坝区左右岸煤洞的展布特征,结合工程,分析了煤洞的存在及其变形的工程效应。最后,对煤洞的变形提出了针对性的处理建议。     

燃煤过程中氯氟烃的产生和释放

用静态去除燃煤产生的CO2气体,经冷阱两步浓缩,气相色谱-质谱对燃煤产生的烟气样品进行了检测,近100种物质被检测出,其中,二氟二氯甲烷与当地大气背景相比呈显著异常.随着燃烧温度的变化,二氟二氯甲烷具规律性变化,当燃炉温度达到400℃左右时,氟里昂释放达到峰值.燃煤过程中,二氟二氯甲烷含量变化表现出与氯甲烷有明显的正相关关系,表明氟里昂的生成同氯甲烷有着密切的内在联系.除了氟里昂外,燃煤过程中产生的氯甲烷对大气环境的影响也不容忽视.     

应力巷道深部开采支护方式探讨

结合工程实例分析了深部应力巷道支护方式及支护效果，并对多种支护形式及联合支护形式进行了比较，总结了在该区域巷道的支护对策。