Thermal alteration of coal in the Khasyn coalfield, Magadan region, Russia

The Early Cretaceous coal deposits of the Khasyn coalfield are intruded by Palaeogene diabase dikes. The coal has vitrinite reflectance values of 2.0–2.5% R_o, and characteristics of normal anthracite at some distance from the dikes, but at direct contact with the dike two morphological coal varieties occur: coal inclusions in the diabase dike and dispersed carbonaceous matter within the dike rock. Both types of coaly matter have properties typical of anthracites: strong anisotropy, altered internal structure and high vitrinite reflectance values ranging from 3.8 to 5.5% R_o. The X-ray diffraction measurements of the interplanar spacing d(002) and the crystallite sizes Lc and La show rather similar values for coal inclusions in the dike and dispersed carbonaceous matter. The additional reflection at 3.37 Å, corresponding to semi-graphite admixture, occurs in the coal and carbonaceous matter inside the dike and is absent in the natural coal outside the dike.     

内蒙古银额盆地额济纳旗赛汉陶来地区石炭系 —二叠系煤层的发现及其意义

在对赛汉陶来地区19口石油及煤田钻井地层岩性组合特征分析的基础上,总结了中生代不同构造单元的地层分布特征、含煤层段岩性特征及煤岩物理化学特征。含煤层段岩性组合为沉火山碎屑岩或再搬运的沉火山岩、泥岩夹煤层,具有典型裂谷盆地沉积特征。该套地层横向分布稳定,不同构造单元之间可进行对比,单井平均可采煤层的厚度为4.77m。煤岩演化程度较低,为不粘煤。含煤层段沉火山角砾岩获得的锆石年龄为295.0Ma±1.3Ma~303.4Ma±2.8Ma,对应地层为上石炭统—下二叠统干泉组。银额盆地赛汉陶来地区石炭系—二叠系含煤地层的发现不仅指示了良好的煤炭资源前景,并且对石炭纪—二叠纪盆地构造演化、沉积体系,以及石炭系—二叠系沉积埋藏史等基础地质问题的研究具有重要意义。     

吐哈盆地侏罗纪煤中主要组分结构特征与生烃性分析

在高纯度煤岩显微组分分离富集的基础上,应用透射式显微傅里叶红外光谱技术 (Micro FTIR),对吐哈盆地侏罗纪煤中的主要组分-镜质体、丝质体、角质体、藻类体的结构组成进行了测定。结果表明 :藻类体主要由长链脂族结构组成,芳香结构含量相对较少;角质体和基质镜质体中含有较丰富的芳香结构以及长链脂族结构;而丝质体则主要由芳香结构组成,脂族结构含量很少。显微组分的这种结构特征决定了藻类体具有很高的生烃潜力、角质体和镜质体的生烃潜力中等、而丝质体的生烃潜力则很低。对于吐哈盆地煤成油来说,由于藻类体主要由长链脂族结构组成,并且生烃潜力也高,因此其具有高的液态烃产率、丝质体的产油率最小、角质体和镜质体的液态烃产率中等。由于镜质体是本区煤中含量最高的组分。因此,对于吐哈盆地所形成的具有工业规模的油田来说,镜质体应该是主要的贡献组分之一。但对于富含藻类体的厚层状烛藻煤,由于它类型好,品质高、生烃潜力大、以中长链脂族结构为主,是煤成油最理想的源岩。     

辽宁中部早中生代地层及找煤远景评价

辽宁中部一些地区的含煤地层以前被认为是白垩系下统的沙海组、阜新组,该观点导致区域地层对比混乱。通过对该区含煤地层组合特征综合分析,认为其应属下侏罗统北票组含煤岩系。此结论对进一步明确该地区找煤方向、确定找煤远景区具有重要意义。     

新疆巴里坤县条湖矿区主煤层（M4）煤质特征及工业用途评价

条湖矿区位于三湖塘盆地中东部,含煤地层为中侏罗统西山窑组,主要可采煤层M4厚度大,煤层稳定,煤炭资源量较大。从煤的物理性质、煤岩特征、化学性质以及工艺性能等方面进行全面分析．认为本区M4煤层具有低水分、低中灰-低灰分,高-特高挥发分、特低硫、特低磷、特高热值、不具粘结性的性质,煤类为长焰煤（41CY）,是优质的动力用煤、煤化工用煤,良好的水泥回转窑用配煤、水煤两段炉用煤,同时也是很好的民用煤。     

毛乌素沙漠地震勘探历程及效果

总结陕西省煤田地质局物探测量队在毛乌素沙漠开展地震勘探攻关的三个阶段及各阶段取得的成果,认为该区虽然表浅层地震地质条件复杂,地震勘探难度较大,但勘探精度基本上可以达到解释5m断层的的精度。并以国家重大产业技术开发专项的依托工程,内蒙古鄂托克前旗新上海庙地区SZT井田三维地震勘探为例,对地震激发、接收技术进行改进,并采取精细静校、地表一致性振幅补偿等处理手段,结合多参数信息,进行资料精细解释。成果表明：依托工程野外原始资料甲级率达到70％以上,获得的三维数据体信噪比高,构造及煤层解释成果可靠、准确。     

杨庄朱庄矿矿井水文地质条件综合分析

杨朱两矿受水害威胁严重,采用多种方法进行了水文地质条件勘查,利用其结果,综合分析了矿井水文地质条件,并进行了矿井充水性分区和安全开采的排水量预测,为正确制定矿井防治水措施提供了基础数据。      

黑龙江七星河含煤盆地古近纪-新近纪沉积相及层序地层特征

黑龙江省东部七星河盆地是一新生代聚煤盆地,其含煤地层为古近系宝泉岭组、新近系富锦组。宝泉岭组由各级砂岩、泥岩、炭质泥岩以及褐煤组成,发育滨浅湖相、深-半深湖相、三角洲平原相,属于湖泊沉积体系、三角洲沉积体系。富锦组主要由泥岩、粉砂岩、中砂岩、含砾粗砂岩及煤层、炭质泥岩、硅藻岩组成,发育滨浅湖相、扇三角洲平原相,分别属于湖泊沉积体系和扇三角洲沉积体系。层序SI相当于宝泉岭组,发育低位体系域、湖侵体系域和高位体系域,煤层主要发育高位体系域中后期,成煤环境以滨浅湖淤积沼泽为主。层序SII相当于富锦组,主要发育湖侵体系域、高位体系域,局部地区发育低位体系域,煤层亦主要发育高位体系域中后期,成煤环境以扇三角洲淤积沼泽和滨浅湖淤积沼泽为主。层序SI、SII的高位体系域中后期,盆地基底沉降速率和物源供给处于相对平衡状态,主要发育了扇三角洲淤积沼泽、滨浅湖和滨浅湖淤积沼泽环境,发育可采煤层。     

Architecture of coastal and alluvial deposits in an extensional basin: the Carboniferous Joggins Formation of eastern Canada

Abstract The Joggins Formation was deposited in the Cumberland Basin, which experienced rapid mid‐Carboniferous subsidence on bounding faults. A 600 m measured section of coastal and alluvial plain strata comprises cycles tens to hundreds of metres thick. The cycles commence with coal and fossiliferous limestone/siltstone intervals, interpreted as widespread flooding events. These intervals are overlain by coarsening‐upward successions capped by planar‐based sandstone mounds, up to 100 m in width that represent the progradation of small, river‐generated delta lobes into a standing body of open water developed during transgression. The overlying strata contain sand‐rich heterolithic packages, 1–8 m thick, that are associated with channel bodies 2–3 m thick and 10–50 m wide. Drifted plant debris, Calamites groves and erect lycopsid trees are preserved within these predominantly green‐grey heterolithic sediments, which were deposited on a coastal wetland or deltaic plain traversed by channel systems. The cycles conclude with red siltstones, containing calcareous nodules, that are interbedded with thin sandstones and associated with both single‐storey channel bodies (1–1·5 m thick and 2–3 m wide) and larger, multistorey channels (3–6 m thick) with incised margins. Numerous channel bodies at the same level suggest that multiple‐channel, anastomosed river systems were developed on a well‐drained floodplain. Many minor flooding surfaces divide the strata into parasequences with dominantly progradational and aggradational stacking patterns. Multistorey channel bodies are relatively thin, fine grained and modestly incised, and palaeosols are immature and cumulative. The abundance and prominence of flooding surfaces suggests that base‐level rise was enhanced, whereas the lack of evidence for abrupt basinward stepping of facies belts, coupled with the absence of strong fluvial incision and mature palaeosols, suggests that base‐level fall was suppressed. These architectural features are considered to reflect a tectonic architectural signature, in accordance with the high‐subsidence basinal setting. Evidence for restricted marine influence and variation in floral assemblages suggests modulation by eustatic and climatic effects, although their relative importance is uncertain.     

Re‐establishment of soil water repellency after destruction by intense burning in a Mediterranean heathland (SW Spain)

Soil water repellency has been conventionally considered as a fire‐induced effect, but an increasing number of studies have suggested that natural background repellency occurs in many soil types, and many of them have suggested that water repellency can be re‐established over time after being destroyed. An experimental fire was conducted to study changes of the soil surface during the first 18 months following intense burning. The main objectives of this paper are as follows: (1) to investigate in situ water repellency changes at three soil depths (0, 2 and 4 cm) immediately after burning; (2) to evaluate the medium‐term evolution of water repellency under field conditions; and (3) to outline the main hydrological consequences of these changes. Also, different water repellency tests (water drop penetration time, ethanol percentage test (EPT) and contact angle (CA) between water drops and the soil surface) were carried out for comparison purposes. Field experiments showed that soil water repellency was partly destroyed after intense burning. Changes were relatively strong at the soil surface, but diminished progressively with depth. Levels of water repellency were practically re‐established 18 months after burning. This suggests that water repellency in the studied area is not necessarily a consequence of fire, but can instead be a natural attribute. Finally, although limited in time, destruction of soil water repellency has important consequences for runoff flow generation and soil loss rates, and, indirectly, for water quality. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.