中国煤田构造研究现状与展望

中国煤田地质的显著特点是煤盆地类型多样、煤系后期改造明显、构造样式丰富,从而在很大程度上决定了煤炭资源开发利用的价值。进入新世纪以来,我国煤田构造研究取得的主要成果包括：①煤田构造的区域地质背景研究取得重大进展;②中国东部盆地动力学与构造控煤作用受到关注;③煤田滑脱构造研究的继续——控煤构造样式的划分;④煤变形-变质作用的构造控制研究愈加深入;⑤以三维地震技术为代表的煤田构造高精度探测技术全面推广应用;⑥矿井构造定量评价和预测已成为煤田构造研究的亮点。通过回顾总结我国煤田构造研究历史和主要成就,分析了当前面临的挑战和机遇,提出了今后一段时期的重点攻关目标。     

朔县平原分叉煤层对比方法的探讨

分叉煤层对比是地质勘探工作中的一个难题,朔县平原从普查阶段,对沉积环境进行了大量的研究,促进了6号及9号煤层分叉的对比工作。在详查阶段摸清了煤层分叉规律,9号煤层形成于滨海潟湖潮坪体系,6号煤层形成于水下三角洲平原体系,因海水进退,使9号煤层在西南方向分叉,6号煤层在35号勘探线以南分叉。在勘探阶段进一步证明预测的正确性。沉积环境的分析有力地提高了勘探质量,是行之有效的一种研究方法。     

滕县煤田张汪勘探区找煤可行性研究

通过对滕东预测区地层、构造、岩浆岩等地质条件的分析,论证了张汪勘探区3煤层赋存的可能性。根据3下煤层顶板砂岩分布特征,排除了同生冲刷作用对3下煤层的影响;区域构造对3煤层埋藏起到保护作用;根据岩浆岩在邻区的分布,分析了岩浆侵入对3煤层的影响;利用南沙河勘探区、田陈井田、许楼井田钻探资料,推测了本区3煤层厚度,估算煤层埋深在-1200m以浅、-1200～-1500m的资源量合计15950万t,有单独建井的前景,建议进一步开展工作,为煤炭资源的开发提供准确的地质资料。     

Geochemistry of rare earth elements in a marine influenced coal and its organic solvent extracts from the Antaibao mining district, Shanxi, China

Twenty-six samples including roof, bottom and coal plies of a marine influenced coal bed were collected from the Antaibao mining district, Shanxi, China. The rare earth elements (REEs) were determined in solids and organic solvent extracts. The distribution pattern showed three distinct patterns: shale-like, LREE-rich and HREE-rich. This is attributed to the variable microenvironment of peat-forming swamp, the degree of marine influences and different REE sources. REEs in the coal are mainly controlled by detrital minerals but also affected by seawater. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the organic solvent extracts are distinctly different from those of corresponding original coal samples, which show a negative Eu anomaly, a depletion of middle REEs and an enrichment of HREEs. The LREEs in coal extracts are likely adsorbed by hydrogen-containing functional groups, and HREEs are likely bonded to carbon atoms.     

The Status Quo and Outlook of Chinese Coal Geology and Exploration Technologies

Coal is China＇s dominant energy resource. Coal geological exploration is the basis of sustainable development of coal industry. Since the late 1990s, the advances in Chinese coal geology and exploration techniques have been shown in the following aspects. （1） The basic research of coal geology has changed from traditional geological studies to earth system science; （2） Breakthroughs have been achieved in integrated exploration techniques for coal resources; （3） Evaluation of coal and coalbed methane resources provides important basis for macropolicy making for China＇s coal industry and construction of large coal bases; （4） Significant advances have been made in using information technology in coal geological exploration and 3S （GPS, GIS, RS） technology. For the present and a period of time in the future, major tasks of Chinese coal geological technology are as follows： （1） solving resources replacement problem in eastern China and geological problems of deep mining; （2） solving problem of integrated coal exploration of complex regions in energy bases of central China, and resources problems induced by coal exploitation; （3） making efforts to enhance the level of geological research and resources evaluation of coal-accumulation basins in western China; （4） strengthening geological research of clean coal technologies; （5） strengthening geological research of the problems in modern coal mining and safe production; （6） promoting information technology in coal resources and major geological investigations.     

电位法井间监测技术

在简要阐述电位法井间监测技术的基本理论及测试方法的基础上 ,通过大庆油田采油四厂杏 7- 2更 2 4井调剖工艺效果评价、大港油田港西三区一断块注水井注水推进方位测试及山西吉试 1井煤层压裂裂缝方位测试等现场应用实例 ,证实了电位法井间监测技术在油田开发、工艺措施评价及在煤层气勘探开发领域所发挥的重要作用 ,同时也进一步说明了该技术的实用性及今后的推广前景     

试用三维地形模式计算茂密林区火险等级

本文用考虑森林植被的三维地形模式，对1972年4月15日神逐架林区森林火灾发生期间的风场、温度场和相对湿度场等进行了模拟，并在此基础上计算森林火险等级。结果表明，采用数值模拟方法可以得到无测站地区的气象要素，为进行森林火险等级预报奠定了基础。     

生物技术在煤炭脱硫过程中的应用

以沈阳红阳三矿的煤样为研究对象，用氧化亚铁硫杆菌对其进行了生物直接浸出脱硫和生物预处理浮选脱硫的实验研究。结果表明，在煤样含硫（全硫）2.30%的条件下，用细菌浸出20d，可以使煤样的含硫量下降到1.20%，脱硫率达47.83%，当对煤样进行生物预处理浮选脱硫时，氧化亚铁硫杆菌菌液可明显改善脱硫效果，在适宜的菌液用量下，经过3～10min的预处理，可以使脱硫率比不经预处理时提高10%左右。     

抚顺煤田区域的工业化与城市形态及结构演化研究

通过研究抚顺煤田区域由煤炭资源开发而导致的工业化和城市形态形成过程，首先讨论资源型城市形成的自然基础及经济活动的作用，进而揭示了煤炭城市形态形成的阶段性规律；其次，分析了资源型城市内部的资源开发区域与工商业区域的分化及其独特的形态与内部结构；第三，发现抚顺市存在着明显的二元城市形态与内部结构，采煤区域的多级直线型结构与工商业区域的多核心组合式结构共存；第四，提出了抚顺煤田区域工业化与城市形态及结构演化的基本模式，并评价了经典的弗雷德曼（Friedmann.J）区域发展模式。     

Some problems associated with past mining at a mine in the Witbank coalfield, South Africa

 Mining in the Witbank Coalfield commenced at the turn of the century. Initially there was little environmental degradation associated with mining activities; however, in the late 1930s and early 1940s a pillar-robbing programme commenced. At one particular mine this has had marked effects on the environment. Primary effects include subsidence, the appearance of tension cracks at the surface and crownhole development. Secondary effects include spontaneous combustion of the coal worked, as air has been provided with ready access to the mine, accelerated subsidence due to the strength of many pillars being reduced by burning, and a marked deterioration in groundwater quality in the area. Spoil heaps also form blemishes on the landscape. These contain significant amounts of coal and have undergone spontaneous combustion. The deterioration in the water quality has led to the decimation of vegetation in some areas and the eradication of aquatic flora and fauna in a nearby stream. Received: 5 March 1997 · Accepted: 1 July 1997