浑源鸽子峪天然矿泉水水质评价

浑源鸽子峪矿泉水出露于寒武系上统灰岩中。经历时２年的全面检测，完全符合我国及世界卫生组织所制定的饮用天然矿泉水标准，属低钠、含锶型饮用天然矿泉水。水质优良，清凉、甘甜、爽口，自然流量充沛，且距恒山风景区较近，有良好的开发前景。     

深水型条带状灰岩的特征和形成机理

寒武纪时，在我国东南部，一种常见的岩石类型－条带状灰岩普遍地发育在扬子台地南北边缘的深水斜坡相中。这种灰岩因风化外貌呈黑白条带相间而得名，笔者通过对条带状灰岩中条带的颜色、成分、厚度、横向变化以及各种层理构造的讨论，指出这种外貌单调而简单的灰岩形成机理非常复杂，至少有下述５种作用参与：高密度－低密度浊流沉积、等深流沉积、颗粒流沉积、碎屑流沉积和半远洋－远洋沉积。各种作用所形成的条带状灰岩内在特征各     

Calcium distribution in soils and stream sediments in Istria (Croatia) and the Slovenian littoral

For experimental geochemical mapping soil was sampled in 5×5 km regular grid in Istria and the Slovenian littoral (Croatia and Slovenia). The territory consists predominantly of karstified limestones and dolomites, and of flysch beds exposed in two basins, Istrian and Brkini. In addition to soil, stream sediment was also collected in the flysh area. Sampling was performed according to an analysis of variance design that permitted one to estimate the effects of the sample medium, geographic position, sampling error and analytical error. The analysis of variance of chemical variables indicated that soil and stream sediment as sampling media lead to similar results in producing geochemical maps. The largest differences with respect to the lithologic substrate of soil is indicated by calcium. As shown by the geochemical map, calcium in soil is high on the Istrian flysch beds, and low on limestones as well as on the flysch beds of the Brkini basin. The two soils also differ in mineralogy. The reason for this difference seems to lie in soil genesis on limestone and on flysch, and in the variable calcium content of flysch beds. The results of Q-mode factor analysis confirmed the adherence of soil and stream sediment of the two flysch basins to two differing groups. This difference was discovered by geochemical mapping. The hypothesis of differing calcium content in the rocks of the two basins was confirmed by the investigation of fresh and weathered rocks and soils in eight profiles sampled in the Brkini and Istrian flysch basin. It was found that the sandstone and calcarenitic samples from the Istrian basin contain an average factor of 3.5 more Ca than those of the investigated Brkini basin, and the samples of Istrian marls 4 times more Ca than those of the Brkini siltstones. Furthermore, the investigated weathered rocks and soils that originated from these rocks in the Istrian basin contain considerably more Ca than in the Brkini basin. In comparison with sandstone and siltstone samples of the Brkini basin, sandstone, calcarenite and marl samples of the Istrian flysch basin contain less clay minerals, quartz and feldspars and more calcite.     

邻二氮菲分光光度法测定赤泥和石灰石混匀度

用盐酸提取赤泥和石灰石的混合料后,通过邻二氮菲分光光度法测定提取液中铁含量,进而求得混合料中氧化铁的质量分数,以此来衡量混匀度。结果表明,该法与重铬酸钾法比较,精密度和准确度均无显著性差异,测定混匀度的相对误差在±2%,且方法简便、快速、准确、对环境友好,可用于生产实时监控。     

华北煤矿奥灰突水特点及防治对策研究

奥陶系灰岩含水层是华北地区各矿区煤层开采的重要水害,通过对奥灰突水及相关的案例分析,认为奥灰突水多发生在区域降水量大于700mm的矿区;导水断层和陷落柱是造成突水的主要通道;奥灰水也可以通过补给薄层灰岩而进入矿井;不同层段的奥灰岩,其富水性不同,奥灰岩顶界具有一定的隔水作用。针对华北地区煤矿奥灰突水特点,提出其防范对策应是加强不同层位的水文地质探查,重点防范集中导水通道突水,并进行中间层的改造。     

华蓥山龙滩矿区长兴组灰岩含水层地下水运动分析

对华蓥山龙滩矿区长兴组灰岩含水层地下水运动做了简要的分析,并着重阐述其补给来源、径流形式、排泄方式。同时也对其补给、径流、排泄的发展和变化做了必要的说明。     

Antecedent aeolian dune topographic control on carbonate and evaporite facies: Middle Jurassic Todilto Member,Wanakah Formation,Ghost Ranch,New Mexico,USA

The Middle Jurassic Todilto Member of the Wanakah Formation is a carbonate and gypsum unit inset into the underlying aeolian Entrada Sandstone in the San Juan Basin. Field and thin section study of the uppermost Entrada and Todilto at Ghost Ranch, New Mexico, identified Todilto facies and their relationship to remnant Entrada dune topography. Results support the previous interpretation that the Entrada dunes, housed in a basin below sea level, were rapidly flooded by marine waters. Mass wasting of the dunes gave rise to sediment‐gravity flows that largely buried remnant dune topography, leaving ca 12 m of relief that defined the antecedent condition for Todilto deposition. Previously interpreted as seasonal varves deposited in a stratified water body, the Todilto is reinterpreted as a microbial biolaminite. Most diagnostic are organic‐rich laminae with structures characteristic of filamentous microbes and containing trapped aeolian silt, and clotted‐texture laminae with a fabric associated with calcification of extracellular polymeric substances. The spatial arrangement of Todilto facies is controlled by the dune palaeotopography. A continuous basal laminated mudstone thickens over the dune crest, reflecting the optimum conditions for microbial mat development, and is interpreted to have been deposited when marine waters submerged the topography. Subsequent drying caused emergence of the crestal area, and formation of tepee structures and a dissolution breccia. Gypsiferous mudflats and periodic ponds occupied the dune flanks and interdune area, with gypsum concentrated within the interdune area. Entrada sands remained unstable during Todilto deposition with common injection structures into the Todilto, and a remnant slope caused the downslope movement and folding of Todilto strata on the upper lee face. Although some expansion of the gypsum occurred in the subsurface, facies architecture fostered development of a dissolution front adjacent to the interdune gypsum body with section collapse of gypsiferous limestone on the dune flanks.     

高密度电法在岩溶探测中的应用

灰岩分布区岩溶发育易引发地面塌陷.从而形成地质灾害。高密度电法近年来被应用于灾害地质调查及工程勘察中。以某一段穿越岩溶发育区的高速公路为例,应用高密度电法对区内第四系土洞、岩溶、断裂发育等灾害地质体进行了探测。结果显示,电阻率断面图上显示的异常区与实际灾害地质体吻合,展示了其工程应用前景。      

上扬子地区早三叠世异常碳酸盐岩的分类与特征

上扬子地区晚二叠世晚期及早三叠世早期异常碳酸盐岩可以按成因分为3大类：A类-生物成因 的异常碳酸盐岩,B类-非生物成因（化学及水动力成因） 的异常碳酸盐岩,C类-生物、水动力及化学等复 合成因的异常碳酸盐岩;还可进一步识别出8个具体类别,包括微生物岩、角砾状灰岩、扁平砾屑灰岩、条带 状灰岩、薄板状、纹层状泥质灰岩、鲕粒碳酸盐岩及a、b型蠕虫状灰岩。近乎极端的古海洋环境和古气候条件 是P/T转换时期以错时相为主的异常碳酸盐岩得以发育并作为早三叠世重要沉积类型的基础;P/T生物大灭绝 事件发生以后,底栖动物对海相沉积层表面的破坏几乎停止,海洋洋流近乎停滞,与此同时表层海水饱受季风 与飓风风暴的侵扰,分布在生物礁或浅水碳酸盐岩台地之上的透光带菌藻生态系统生长为具有一定抗浪能力的 微生物岩,频繁的风暴对海底的影响使得同生期弱固结的碳酸盐软泥被打碎而形成同生砾屑,一定的古地形坡 度又加剧了风暴为诱因的碳酸盐沉积物重力流的发育;此外,碳酸钙过饱和的海水可以使得碳酸盐直接化学沉 淀于海底,同时巨型季风带来的黏土和粉砂与碳酸盐化学沉积共生,这一系列的过程发生于早三叠世早期特殊 的古环境中,造成了上扬子地区多种多样的异常碳酸盐岩沉积。     

中铝赤泥堆场灰水与基底O2灰岩的水岩作用研究

以焦作中铝一期赤泥堆场为研究对象,利用室内淋溶试验模拟了在冲灰水的作用下,赤泥附液及冲灰水中的不同污染物质(总硬度、氯离子、硫酸根离子、氟离子等)在向地下水运移过程中的水岩作用。结果表明,赤泥附液及其冲灰水在入渗的过程中,通过运移积累、溶解、吸附和离子交换等水岩作用对地下水造成污染,可溶盐溶解作用的动力学特征为:在试验初期,溶解速率大,而后逐渐减小,直至趋于零;赤泥灰水入渗过程中水岩作用的特点是,在试验初期表现为以溶解作用为主,而后以离子交换作用为主。