A middle Cambrian shallow water trilobite fauna from the Comstock Formation,near Queenstown,western Tasmania

A limestone lens within the Comstock Formation, from low in the Tyndall Group near the Lyell Comstock Mine near Queenstown, western Tasmania, contains a small trilobite fauna. The trilobites include Ammagnostus cf. laiwuensis, Kootenia sp., Sudanomocarina? sp. and a possible member of the Monkaspidae. These suggest an age somewhere in the range from the upper Ptychagnostus atavus Zone to the Lejopyge laevigata Zone, with regional stratigraphic correlations suggesting the latter zone. This is only the second Tasmanian Cambrian fossil assemblage described from limestone; almost all previously described Tasmanian Cambrian faunas are found in siltstones and shales.     

鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界石灰岩岩相及碳、氧稳定同位素特征

鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界石灰岩的岩相及碳、氧稳定同位素组成变化大,具有多种成因类型。通过薄片鉴定、岩石及矿物微区碳、氧稳定同位素测试以及包裹体测温资料研究,发现正常海水成因的泥晶灰岩及颗粒灰岩具有较高的δ18O、δ13C;受淡水淋滤、溶蚀的颗粒灰岩、角砾泥晶灰岩、豹斑含云灰岩或灰云岩的δ13C随淡水淋滤及溶蚀程度升高而明显降低,但其δ18O变化较小;去膏化成因的巨晶次生灰岩在阴极发光下具环带结构,并具有较低的δ18O、δ13C,去云化成因的中-细晶次生灰岩多呈麦粒或蚕蛹结构,其δ18O、δ13C相对较高;早期及表生淡水方解石胶结物的δ18O、δ13C均为低值,Mn离子含量低,阴极发光暗淡;晚期热液方解石胶结物具异常低的δ18O、δ13C,包裹体均一温度介于100~150℃,富含Mn离子,阴极发光明亮。研究结果表明,岩相特征、碳、氧稳定同位素组成以及包裹体测温数据是确定石灰岩沉积、成岩环境以及成因类型的重要指标。     

注水试验与放水试验求取渗透系数的差异

基于矿井涌水量计算及水资源评价需要,本文运用注水试验代替抽水试验,求取了太原组灰岩含水层的渗透系数。根据后期同一含水层井下放水试验资料,利用VISUAL MODFLOW建立了水文地质三维非稳定流数值模型,通过分区拟合调参,获得了含水层分区水文地质参数。通过对这两种试验求得的渗透系数进行比较,得出在裂隙介质中注水试验是放水试验所得渗透系数值的35.6%~50.8%。建议在不具备进行抽（放）水试验的条件下,可使用注水试验代替,所得渗透系数值乘以校正系数,用校正后的渗透系数来计算矿井涌水量。     

贵州紫云上石炭统叶状藻礁灰岩胶结物特征

贵州紫云县猴场镇扁平村的上石炭统叶状藻礁及其周边灰岩中广泛发育大量的各类胶结物。通过对胶结物的形态、结构和阴极发光特征以及胶结物间的接触关系的研究,可以确定成岩作用的先后并识别成岩环境。浅海海底同生成岩阶段大的孔隙中形成等厚环边针状胶结物、葡萄状胶结物,小的孔隙里形成微晶胶结物。早成岩阶段形成微亮晶和斑块状亮晶方解石胶结物和放射纤维扇状胶结物,表生成岩阶段的溶蚀作用和胶结作用强烈,胶结物类型有斑块状或等粒的方解石胶结物和等厚环壁柱状胶结物,等厚环壁柱状胶结物在所有胶结物中体积是较大的。早期胶结作用使叶状藻礁灰岩孔隙度大为降低。中、晚成岩阶段,孔隙被等厚环壁刃状胶结物和晶簇或斑块状亮晶方解石所充填,有些先成的胶结物被热液改造。后生作用阶段发生的主要是构造破裂作用,其中少数裂隙被红褐色含Fe2O3微晶层和晶体粉砂及渗流豆粒充填。叶状藻礁灰岩的孔隙在晚成岩阶段前或中被胶结而之后没有创造出大且连通的孔隙,是它没能成为油气储集层的原因之一。     

The Buday’ah Formation, Sultanate of Oman: A Middle Permian to Early Triassic oceanic record of the Neotethys and the late Induan microsphere bloom

The Middle Permian to Lower Triassic Buday’ah section, exposed in the Oman Mountains, is the first deep-sea section to be described in the Neotethys. The oceanic sediments were deposited along the southern Tethys margin in the newly formed Hawasina Basin. It is one of the few places where true Tethyan Permian radiolarites are exposed that allow the documentation of CCD evolution through time. The succession begins as oceanic crust pillow basalt with red ammonoid-rich pelagic limestone occurring both above and within inter-pillow cavities; the new occurrence of Clarkina postbitteri hongshuiensis indicates a late Capitanian age for the carbonate. The sharp change to overlying late Capitanian to Changhsingian radiolarite reflects rapid subsidence about 10 Myrs after initial continental breakup that resulted in the formation of the Neotethys Ocean. New conodonts indicate that the Permian-Triassic boundary succession occurs in the first platy lime mudstone beds above a Changhsingian siliceous to calcareous shale unit. The platy lime mudstone beds include an Upper Griesbachian bloom of calcite filled spheres (radiolarians?) that marks a potential world-wide event. New conodonts indicate an early Olenekian age for overlying grey papery limestone that are devoid of both macrofossils and trace fossils indicating that recovery from the Late Permian extinction has not yet progressed within this deep-water environment.δ¹³C_org, isotope values have not been disturbed and they show a negative shift just below the Permian-Triassic transition and a second one at the parvus zone level above. The Buday’ah succession may represent the most distal and probably deepest Permian and Lower Triassic depositional sequence within the basin.     

深水异地鲕粒灰岩的特征及成因探讨——以宁夏中宁地区香山群徐家圈组为例

深水异地鲕粒灰岩可从宏观特征、微观特征、粒度特征及沉积构造等方面进行识别。通过宁夏中宁县狼嘴子地区香山群徐家圈组中部发育的鲕粒灰岩的野外露头剖面和室内薄片观察,对鲕粒灰岩的宏观及微观特征进行了研究。对颗粒粒径的统计和对比分析表明,鲕粒与假鲕、正常鲕与表皮鲕分别来自不同环境,粒度分析结果显示其具有重力流搬运的特征。结合沉积背景认为,此种鲕粒灰岩应为深水异地沉积成因,鲕粒可能来自同时期的鄂尔多斯地块西缘碳酸盐台地,由重力流搬运至深水。     

四川盆地中部侏罗系大安寨段含有机质泥质介壳灰岩储层的认识及其意义

四川盆地中部下侏罗统大安寨段可划分为三个亚段,主要由暗色泥页岩、结晶介壳灰岩、泥质介壳灰岩三种岩性构成。暗色泥页岩形成于深湖—半深湖相环境,是主要的烃源岩,滨浅湖高能滩相结晶介壳灰岩一向被认为是主要储层,其储集空间以裂缝为主。露头地质调查、岩心和薄片观察、物性资料及试油资料的分析表明,浅湖—半深湖较低能滩相含有机质泥质介壳灰岩是主要的储集层和产层,单层厚度薄,但累积厚度较大,分布面积广,常夹于暗色泥页岩中,源储一体,更有利于成藏。这类泥质介壳灰岩的壳间孔构成了主要的储集空间,壳间孔平行于壳体的长轴方向排列,并常见黑色有机质充填。认为四川盆地大安寨段的油气勘探方向可由结晶介壳灰岩向含有机质的泥质介壳灰岩拓展,浅湖—半深湖较低能滩沉积相带可成为新的勘探领域。初步预测大安寨段上部的一亚段新增有利勘探面积6 100 km2,中部的一三亚段新增有利勘探面积6 600 km2。     

淮北矿区五沟煤矿太原组上段灰岩岩溶裂隙水富水性及径流特征

五沟煤矿太原组上段灰岩岩溶裂隙水是矿井主采煤层（10煤）的主要充水含水层。通过对矿区水文地质边界条件、地面抽水试验和井下放水试验的分析,认为矿区水文地质边界受制于周边的较大型隔阻水断层,从而形成了较封闭的地下水系统;太原组上段灰岩含水层的富水性在平面上具有不均一性,在垂向具有随着深度的增加,岩溶发育有减弱的趋势,基本上属弱富水含水层,仅在局部构造发育带为中等富水含水层。利用利用surfer软件,绘制出矿区太原组灰岩水位等值线图;从图上可以看出,矿区目前太原组含水层水位标高总体呈北高南低,中间高两边低的态势,并在井田西南部形成以水5孔及J5-1孔为中心的低水位区。该研究对目前矿井防治水工作具有重要的指导意义。     

等效渗透原理在岩溶地下水矿坑涌水量计算中的应用

文章以德保铝土矿巴头矿段为例 ,在采用分析计算法计算矿体底板有粘性土与下伏灰岩相隔部分的矿坑涌水量时 ,尝试采用等效渗透原理 ,把粘性土底板面积等效为无粘性土相隔的灰岩底板面积计算。以此计算矿坑的涌水量能较好的反映灰岩直接底板与粘性土底板充水的差异性 ,反映粘性土底板厚度以及粘性土底板渗透性能对充水量的影响 ,并能将两种底板混杂分布时的复杂运算简单化 ,较好地解决了矿坑涌水量的计算问题 ,为矿床开采提供科学依据