Overwash occurrence consequent on morphodynamic changes following lagoon outlet closure on a coarse clastic barrier

The reduction in sediment volume of an ebb-tide delta, as a consequence of lagoon outlet closure on a coarse clastic barrier in southeast Ireland, initiated a sequence of beachface and barrier changes downdrift. Elimination of sediment supply to the ebb-delta caused a cessation of downdrift longshore swash bar welding, and led to beach volume reductions which in turn allowed a temporal sequence of beach and nearshore morphodynamic domains to develop. These domains then controlled the sedimentation regime of the barrier adjacent to the old outlet. A temporal sequence of (a) dissipative barrier; (b) reflective barrier; and (c) inner reflective (barrier face)/outer dissipative (subtidal) wave regimes match respectively periods of (a) barrier crest build up by crestal dune development; (b) barrier crest instability (barrier width increasing, barrier height decreasing) due to rhythmic overwash; and (c) a return to barrier crest stability with limited aeolian accretion. Two barriers at different stages in this sequence are discussed.     

An evaluation of neutral and convective planetary boundary-layer parameterizations relative to large eddy simulations

This paper compares a number of one-dimensional closure models for the planetary boundary layer (PBL) that are currently in use in large-scale atmospheric models. Using the results of a large-eddy simulation (LES) model as the standard of comparison, the PBL models are evaluated over a range of stratifications from free convective to neutral and a range of surface shear stresses. Capping inversion strengths for the convective cases range from weakly to strongly capped. Six prototypical PBL models are evaluated in this study, which focuses on the accuracy of the boundary-layer fluxes of momentum, heat, and two passive scalars. One scalar mimics humidity and the other is a top-down scalar entrained into the boundary layer from above. A set of measures based on the layer-averaged differences of these fluxes from the LES solutions is developed. In addition to the methodological framework and suite of LES solutions, the main result of the evaluation is the recognition that all of the examined PBL parameterizations have difficulty reproducing the entrainment at the top of the PBL, as given by the LES, in most parameter regimes. Some of the PBL models are relatively accurate in their entrainment flux in a subset of parameter regimes. The sensitivity of the PBL models to vertical resolution is explored, and substantive differences are observed in the performance of the PBL models, relative to LES, at low resolution typical of large scale atmospheric models.     

A 2-D Non-local Closure Model for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Simulations

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冲抓锥设计选型中的几个理论问题

分析了冲抓锥的性能参数（锥重、容重比、提升负荷和结构尺寸）对冲抓锥闭合特性的影响，从冲抓锥闭合过程的传力特性和岩土阻力特性两方面，提出了改善冲抓锥闭合特性的措施。     

大别造山带变质岩地层年龄及其构造意义

选择近期在大别山及苏鲁地区各类变质岩地层中采用不同测试方法所获得的较为精确的同位素年龄数据共４５个进行分析,得到以下几点主要认识：１）扬子板块被动陆缘形成于８００～７００ＭａＢ．Ｐ．之间;２）根据原岩及折返动力学机制分析,南大别与苏鲁超高压、高压变质岩石是扬子板块被动陆缘（大陆隆）物质残余,在２３２～２２１ＭａＢ．Ｐ．伴随扬子板块被动陆缘俯冲到华北板块之下最大限度时在１００ｋｍ上地幔软流圈深度发生超高压变质作用,同时在较浅的构造层次上发生高压及角闪岩相变质作用。这些超高压、高压变质岩石在２２０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．开始折返,然后于２０６～１７８ＭａＢ．Ｐ．快速完成角闪岩相退变质作用;３）北大别高温变质岛弧在１３３～１２２ＭａＢ．Ｐ．伴随白垩纪花岗岩侵入体活动快速抬升,平均冷却速率达３５°Ｃ·Ｍａ－１;４）北大别高温变质岛弧与南大别超高压变质陆隆在１２０～１１０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．停止相对运动,归并为一体。     

Exploiting Illusory Grid Lines for Object-Location Memory Performance in Urban Topographic Maps

In order to be successful in spatial orientation tasks, people need to recall locations and configurations of spatial objects from their memory. This understanding of geographic space often arises from experience with cartographic media representing topographic and topological information by graphic symbols. Learning spatial information from graphic media is influenced by different perception-based grouping effects distorting the accuracy of spatial object-positions and their relations. Such geometric inaccuracies can be softened by adding a grid layer, which regionalizes the map and can be used as an additional orientation pattern. This grid layer usually consists of solid lines and overlays semantic information. The present paper reports the results of two empirical studies on object-location memory (OLM) performance. In these studies, the amount of visual detail of the grid layer was reduced. By positioning the grid layer below specific urban topographic objects (study 1), the grid pattern was graphically interrupted. These interrupted grid lines were completed by cognitive completion mechanisms (illusory grid lines) described in the Gestalt principles of closure and continuation. The second experiment examined the maximum grid line gap that is closed by cognitive line completion and keeps an advantage for OLM (study 2).     

湍流能量闭合法用于大气模式的初探

湍流能量（TKE）闭合方案是近年来大气边界层（PBL）模式中技推崇的方法,它具有11－2阶精度。大气环流模式的计算容量和垂直网络限制,不允许PBL方案过份精细。本文对TKE方案进行简化及网络稀疏化试验。并用Wangara资料验证。验证结果表明：此方案引入PBL内仅设置5层的大气环流模式是可行的。地面以上400米内模式结果与实测吻合。但中、上部位温计算值偏高。关于本方案在大尺度模式中的应用尚须进一步研究。     

拓扑分子格上最细伴随余拓扑的刻划

该文选用恰当的闭包算子 ,对给定的拓扑分子格 (L,η)中 η的最细伴随余拓扑 F(η)进行刻划 ;其次刻划了拓扑分子格中无处稠密元 ,讨论无处稠密元、半闭包算子和半内部算子之间的关系 ,特别引入了半同胚的概念 ,并证明无处稠密性是半同胚性质。     

湍能封闭模型在渤海潮流模拟中的应用

将一个三维湍能封闭模型应用于渤海潮流模拟，通过流速分解的初边值方法，计算了渤海全海区潮波系统、潮流结构，结果与观测符合较好。计算同时给出了湍粘性系数和湍动能的时空分布，比较常湍粘性系数和湍的垂直抛物分布及湍能封闭模拟表明，湍粘性系数的不同选取会对流场结构有显著影响。