BDS卫星端DCB不同表达对单点定位精度的影响

考虑到北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)的B1B2,B1B3及B2B3之间硬件延迟(DCB)值存在一个闭合差,分析BDS卫星端DCB改正公式不同表示方法在3种采样率下对定位精度的影响,分别进行了伪距定位和精密定位解算。结果表明,不同采样率的DCB改正后SPP下精度改善在m级,提高10%~80%;动态PPP下精度改善在dm~m级,提高50%~90%。改正公式的不同DCB表示方法对精度影响在cm量级,在SPP中可忽略该误差,动态PPP中建议取DCB改正均值作为最终改正值。     

Contact mechanism of a rock fracture subjected to normal loading and its impact on fast closure behavior during initial stage of fluid flow experiment

Fast closure of rock fractures has been commonly observed in the initial stage of fluid flow experiments at environmental temperatures under low or moderate normal stresses. To fully understand the mechanisms that drive this fast closure, the evolution of local stresses acting on contacting asperities on the fracture surfaces prior to fluid flow tests needs to be evaluated. In this study, we modeled numerically the asperity deformation and failure processes during initial normal loading, by adopting both elastic and elastic–plastic deformation models for the asperities on a real rock fracture with measured surface topography data, and estimated their impact on initial conditions for fluid flow test performed under laboratory conditions. Compared with the previous models that simulate the normal contact of a fracture as the approach of two rigid surfaces without deformations, our models of deformable asperities yielded smaller contact areas and higher stresses on contacting asperities at a given normal stress or normal displacement. The results show that the calculated local stresses were concentrated on the contacts of a few major asperities, resulting in crushing of asperity tips. With these higher contact stresses, however, the predicted closure rates by pressure solution are still several orders of magnitude lower than that of the experimental measurements at the initial stage of fluid flow test. This indicates that single pressure solution may not likely to be the principal compaction mechanism for this fast closure, and that the damages on contacting asperities that occur during the initial normal loading stage may play an important role. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论天山古洋盆关闭的地质时限——来自伊宁地块石炭系的新证据

天山古洋盆关闭的地质时限倍受地质界关注,久有泥盆纪晚期或石炭纪初期,石炭纪晚期以及二叠纪期间3种分歧。由残余盆地恢复原型盆地,是造山带古洋盆恢复的基础,钙碱系列火成岩可作为古洋盆恢复的重要证据。伊宁地块石炭纪的残余盆地沉积记录、火山岩建造、侵入岩特征、化石组合及古生物地理区系分布特征、地层接触关系及构造变形特征等新成果证实,以区内阿克沙克组与伊什基里克组间广泛而明显的区域性角度不整合面(鄯善运动)为界,下石炭统钙碱性系列火山岩-沉积地层组合发育复杂的不协调褶曲,尖棱褶皱,强烈的揉皱和区域性韧性断层,产出于南方型热带-亚热带古生物地理区系,为区域性挤压构造体制下的岛弧-弧后盆地建造,是塔里木板块的主要组成部分,而上石炭统碱性系列双峰式火山岩及沉积地层组合则是典型的北方型温带古生物地理区的大陆裂谷火山-沉积建造,构造变形极弱,形成于区域性伸展构造环境,是准噶尔板块与塔里木板块缝合后的陆内建造。基于这些新的资料和分析,天山古洋盆的关闭时限是早石炭世晚期。     

Modification of Two-Equation Models to Account for Plant Drag

A modification of the most popular two-equation (E–φ) models, taking into account the plant drag, is proposed. Here E is the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and φ is any of the following variables: El (product of E and the mixing length l), (dissipation rate of TKE), and ω (specific dissipation of TKE, ). The proposed modification is due to the fact that the model constants estimated experimentally for ‘free-air’ flow do not allow for adequate reconstruction of the ratio between the production and dissipation rates of TKE in the vegetation canopy and have to be adjusted. The modification is universal, i.e. of the same type for all E–φ models considered. The numerical experiments carried out for both homogeneous and heterogeneous plant canopies with E–φ models (and with the E–l model taken as a kind of reference) show that the modification performs well. They also suggest that E– and E–ω schemes are more promising than the E–El scheme for canopy flow simulation since they are not limited by the need to use a wall function.In addition, a new parameterization for enhanced dissipation within the plant canopy is derived. It minimizes the model sensitivity to C _μ, the key parameter for two-equation schemes, and whose estimates unfortunately vary considerably from experiment to experiment. The comparison of results of new modified E– and E –ω models with observations from both field and wind-tunnel experiments shows that the proposed parameterization is quite robust. However, because of uncertainties with the turbulence Prandtl and Schmidt numbers for the E– model within the canopy, the E–ω model is recommended for future implementation, with the suggested modifications.     

光学综合孔径干涉成像的关键技术及多光束干涉仿真

闭合相位技术、U -V覆盖技术和像重构技术是光学综合孔径干涉成像的三个关键技术。文中简要介绍了光学综合孔径技术的发展历史、这三种关键技术和光学综合孔径望远镜阵的构成 ,对之进行了多光束干涉的计算机仿真和实验仿真 ,两者结果一致说明了光学综合孔径干涉成像技术中有关干涉的理论的正确性 ,指出了下一步的研究方向。     

AN ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICABILITY OF FUZZY CLUSTERING IN ESTABLISHING AN INDEX FOR THE EVALUATION OF METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE SATISFACTION

An evaluation index is a prerequisite for scientific evaluation of a public meteorological service. This paper aims to explore a technical method for determining and screening evaluation indicators. Based on public satisfaction survey data obtained in Wafangdian (China) in 2010, this study investigates the suitability of the fuzzy clustering analysis method in establishing an evaluation index. Through quantitative analysis of multilayer fuzzy clustering of various evaluation indicators, correlation analysis indicates that if the results of clustering were identical for two evaluation indicators in the same sub-evaluation layer, then one indicator could be removed, or the two indicators merged. For evaluation indicators in different sub-evaluation layers, although clustering reveals attribute correlations, these indicators may not be substituted for one another. Analysis of the applicability of the fuzzy clustering method shows that it plays a certain role in the establishment and correction of an evaluation index.     

连续刚构桥的预应力钢束设计研究

在对预应力设计基本要求及布束原则、预应力设计的理论依据及预应力筋布置形式分析的基础上,对大跨径预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的预应力钢束配置进行了研究,通过已建连续刚构桥得出预应力钢束的用量,并通过有限元程序对所得数据进行验证分析,得出了一些规律和结论,可以作为同类桥梁的设计参考.     

一个FUZZY聚类分析的快速算法

Fuzzy聚类分析,是近年来在气象预报等很多科学领域中广泛应用的一种客观分析技术。本文根图的可迁闭包性质,探讨从模糊相似矩阵R中节点的可达性问题着手,生成相应的深度优先生成树(DFT)来完成聚类,从而得到一个时间复杂性为O(n~2)的快速Fuzzy聚类算法。     

基于纹理特征的香格里拉县冷杉林郁闭度遥感估测研究

以香格里拉县2006年TM影像、2006年森林资源二类调查小班数据为信息源,结合研究区冷杉林地面实测标准地（30m×30m）数据,提取香格里拉县冷杉林TM影像分布信息及标准地纹理特征因子（共48个）,对各因子进行相关分析;利用主成分法对纹理特征因子进行因子分析,最终选出13个纹理特征因子利用偏最小二乘法进行回归建模并进行模型精度检验。根据回归估测模型以及提取出的冷杉林各波段纹理特征因子,进行研究区冷杉林郁闭度反演。结果表明,基于遥感影像纹理特征建立的郁闭度遥感估测模型,其RE=13.8%,RMSE=10.39,精度为83.3%。研究区冷杉林郁闭度反演可知冷杉林郁闭度多分布在0.6~0.7范围内,多为中度郁闭林地。     

GPS在水准测量粗差检测中的应用

本文介绍了水准测量粗差产生的原因及检查方法,通过GPS在水准测量粗差检测中的应用实例分析,说明了使用GPS技术能提高水准测量的效率。