全金属螺杆钻具研究现状与关键技术

螺杆钻具作为一种容积式动力钻具,具有良好的输出硬特性,是当前应用最广泛的井下动力钻具之一。螺杆钻具的耐温性是其研究的热点所在,可扩大其应用范围和延长工作寿命,在深部高温钻探领域,具有良好的发展前景。本文在阐明螺杆钻具的基本原理和特性基础上,调研分析了常规螺杆钻具的发展现状,重点调研分析了美国全金属螺杆钻具的研发现状与国内全金属螺杆钻具的发展,提出了全金属螺杆钻具的关键技术,为国内开展这项前沿钻具技术的研发提供参考。     

5000米地质岩心钻机主绞车设计

为应对深地探测工程对特深孔地质钻探装备提出的新要求,“十三五”国家重点研发计划立项开展5000 m地质岩心钻机的研发。作为钻机核心部件的主绞车,需要满足自动化、智能化钻探需求。在调研了主绞车的研究发展现状基础上,借鉴石油钻机绞车的结构,确定了本主绞车运行参数及方案,并对关键零部件进行了设计与选型,完成了主绞车的设计。经过验算,主绞车运行参数能满足特深孔岩心钻探工艺的要求,并可以在地热、浅层油气探采等领域进行应用拓展。     

小口径涡轮钻具减速器非对称齿轮弯曲强度分析

小口径涡轮钻具减速器是小井眼深井钻探钻具的重要部件,具有体积小、承载大的特点。采用非对称齿轮代替传统齿轮是提高减速器承载能力的有效手段。非对称齿轮两侧的齿根圆角半径和压力角是区别于对称齿轮的关键参数,通过改变齿轮的齿形结构进而影响了齿轮的齿根弯曲强度。为了进一步研究齿根圆角半径和工作侧压力角对齿根弯曲应力的影响规律,以φ127 mm涡轮钻具减速器中太阳轮为研究对象,建立非对称齿轮的受力模型,基于平截面法得到非对称齿轮齿根弯曲应力的理论计算公式,并通过有限元法对对称齿轮和非对称齿轮进行对比分析,仿真结果表明：增大齿根圆角半径能增大齿轮齿根过渡曲线的曲率半径,从而改善齿根处的应力集中;工作侧压力角的增大能有效降低齿根弯曲应力,但压力角超过一定值时,齿根弯曲应力逐渐趋于稳定。理论分析和仿真结果基本吻合,研究结果可以为优化减速器非对称齿轮的主要参数提供依据和参考。     

涞源龙门金多金属矿普查绿色勘查实践

河北省涞源县龙门金多金属矿普查工作,贯彻绿色勘查理念,对槽探工程、老硐清理、钻探工程按《绿色勘查指南》进行了专项设计并付诸实施。槽探工程施工挖掘的腐植土和碎石就近分开堆放并遮盖,待项目验收合格后,回填腐植土和碎石,最后平整并绿化;老硐清理出的碎石选择离硐口较近的相对平坦的地方堆放,并做好防护工作,最后覆土绿化;钻进工程采用清水和环保泥浆做冲洗液,金刚石单管和绳索取心钻进,提高了效率,减少了对地质环境的影响。机台建设占地少,施工过程中避免油污等的外溢,项目竣工验收后地貌恢复采用植草、自然恢复等绿化方法。绿色勘查充分贯彻了绿水青山就是金山银山的绿色发展理念。     

高压旋喷多管喷头的研制

基于高压旋喷成桩机理以及目前市场对大桩径施工的需求,针对普通旋喷施工成桩直径小、排泥污染环境等问题,研制了一款能适应新工艺、新工法且能解决上述问题的多管喷头。通过对喷头在地下工作的实际状态进行分析,新研制的多管喷头具有地内压力检测、专用通道排泥及浆管通径大等特点,可以实现大桩径施工、泥浆可统一回收及避免施工对周边建筑的扰动。     

超深超大深基坑逆作法施工关键技术

武汉南国中心一期基坑支护工程采用逆作法施工,周边环境复杂,场区内砂层较厚,基坑设计技术要求高,特别是支护结构地下连续墙、立柱桩垂直度要求高、嵌岩深,施工时在软硬互层部位容易产生偏斜,入岩效率低。针对工程施工重难点,从设备选型、工艺选择、钻头选用等方面采取措施,解决逆作法超深超大基坑支护结构施工中的困难问题,介绍了解决问题的思路,取得了显著的效果,施工质量满足相关技术要求。     

定向钻井技术在垂直井中的轨迹控制分析

在重庆市区及周边乡镇开展的多口地热井钻井施工中,由于大多数取水点地层倾角过大、岩性变化频繁等原因,常规钻井方法无法保障井眼井斜角达标,从而影响获取地热水资源的成功率。采用定向钻井工具进行纠斜钻 进时,钻具工具面角与井眼方位角变化值的选择对井眼轨迹的影响尤为重要,同时当钻具工具面角确定以后,新井眼的形成还受地层岩性、钻头选型及钻井参数等各方面的影响。为了井眼轨迹更为平滑,避免形成“狗腿”井段,本文通过对某地热井中定向钻井施工案例进行分析,从实际案例中总结经验,对定向钻井井眼轨迹的可控条件进行了优化。     

土耳其天然碱溶采钻井项目管理实践

土耳其天然碱溶采钻井项目包括ETI SODA开发合同一~六期和KAZAN SODA开发合同一~三期,共成功实施溶采井组200余组。海外钻井工程涉及的影响因素较多,除常规的钻井工程技术问题外,还需要适应当地的政治、法律、风俗、汇率、海运、关税等问题。项目部在实施过程中根据海外钻井工程特点以及现场施工环境,加强项目人员、设备材料、现场作业、安全及风险等方面的管理,发挥指导、管理、控制作用,降低工程风险,提高收益,确保项目顺利完工。本文就土耳其天然碱溶采对接井钻井项目人员组织管理、设备器具管理、现场作业程序管理、HSE管理及风险管理进行了介绍,总结了一些海外钻井项目管理经验。     

Research and development on foam breaking and recycling technology in air-foam drilling

In recent years, air-foam combining the advantages of both liquid and air drilling has been utilized as a drilling medium. Air-foam drilling has proved its efficiency in numerous situations where serious problems were encountered, such as in fractured formations and depleted or high permeable zones. However, the major disadvantage of air-foam drilling system is that the foam can only be used once, so that an extremely large pit is required to contain the foam to allow sufficient room for cuttings and for the foam to dissipate. Moreover, it needs enormous volume prepared, consuming abundance of water and ingredient additives, which results in the high cost of foam drilling. The recycling foam fluid by using foam breaking technology is the only effective method to solve these problems associated with the known foam drilling. Various types of equipment and technique have been employed to suppress foam formation in biological and process equipment in foam drilling. The study described various methods of foam breaking technology, and the trend of the foam breaking technology for foam drilling is discussed.     

Application of a proportional-integral control for the estimation of static formation temperatures in oil wells

A strategy based on proportional-integral (PI) feedback control was applied to solve an inverse heat transfer problem for estimating static formation temperatures (SFTs) from logged temperatures in oil wells. The PI control feedbacks the error between logged and simulated temperatures during the shut-in time process, existing SFT proposal. Thus, mathematically speaking an inverse heat transfer problem was solved in this way, since SFT represents the initial conditions (which are unknown) to solve the partial differential equations governing the heat transfer process in the wellbore-formation system. The mathematical model considers transient convective heat transfer due to circulation losses to the rock surrounding a well. The methodology was tested analyzing two oil wells (MB-3007 and MB-3009) from the Gulf of Mexico and results were compared against two classic methods. The method presented in this work needs only one temperature measurement for each fixed depth to estimate the SFT.