山西中村煤矿抢险救援快速钻井施工技术

2016年7月2日,山西中村煤矿发生突水事故,12名矿工被困井下。采用CMD100型车载钻机、空气潜孔锤钻井技术准确钻孔至离地面114 m的巷道中心,快速建立了生命通道,给井下被困矿工送去急需的给养,为进一步抢险救援赢得了宝贵时间,最终8名被困矿工成功获救。本文介绍了该次矿山抢险救援中2号食物补给井的快速钻井施工技术,并对矿山应急救援钻井专业队伍建设和装备配套提出了建议。     

平邑石膏矿坍塌事故救援成功后的几点思考

2015年12月25日,平邑某石膏矿发生垮塌事故,多人被埋井下。救援人员经过共同努力,将被困井下36天的4名幸存矿工成功救出,创造了中国矿山救援史上第一个通过地面打孔救援的案例。针对该案例,对矿山事故救援、矿山地质灾害预防及治理、地面钻进大口径钻孔应急救援技术等相关问题进行了思考。     

页岩气储层钻井液损害评价研究

延长油田页岩气储层埋藏较深,地质条件复杂,页理构造发育,岩石物性极差,页岩易膨胀、分散。由于孔缝并存,页岩气储层比砂岩油藏具有更严重的微粒运移损害、储层应力敏感损害、水锁损害等特性。鉴于延长页岩储层太过致密,不能用常规方法进行渗透率测定。通过采用人造裂缝法测定钻井液对储层裂缝的污染程度来表征钻井液对储层的损害率。经人造裂缝法测定,延长油田现场使用的白油基钻井液体系对页岩气储层的污染渗透率恢复率达到91.060%,初步证实该体系具有良好的储层保护效果,可在延长油田进一步推广使用并验证。     

Mises屈服准则及其在钻探工具强度设计中的应用

在地质钻探工具设计和使用过程中,需要用到强度理论或屈服准则对遇到的钻采设备、工具失效等问题进行分析。为帮助人们对Mises屈服准则（应力）的理解,从理论上阐述了Mises屈服准则与畸变能密度理论的关系,其实质就是第四强度理论。在弹塑性范围内,Mises屈服准则统一了单向拉压状态的第一强度理论、复杂应力状态的第三强度理论和第四强度理论。Mises屈服准则在有限元数值分析中获得了更为广泛的应用。     

“羊D1”油气勘探井井控装置的连接设计

在地质勘探钻井中一般不需要进行井口压力控制。辽西金羊盆地“羊D1” 钻井采用地质勘探井的钻井工艺方法进行油气勘探,需要预备有井口压力控制措施。地质钻井设备和井控装置如何耦合是本文讨论的重点。以该井为例,介绍了用全液压岩心钻机全孔金刚石绳索取心钻进工艺施工油气勘探井的施工工艺。钻进中综合考虑了YDX-6型全液压岩心钻机平台的下方空间尺寸、井身结构设计以及本钻井的井口压力控制等要求,选择和设计了一套满足小口径取心钻探施工要求的井控装置。     

强渗漏与坚硬岩层组合条件下旋挖钻机施工工法研究

通过对强渗漏与坚硬岩层组合条件下桩基工程旋挖钻机施工技术的探索,总结出高压旋喷防渗漏与旋挖钻机牙轮筒钻和截齿取心筒钻交叉钻进入岩联合成孔施工工法,并在工程中成功应用。在处理大直径入坚硬岩层钻孔灌注桩方面效果明显,技术先进,有明显的社会效益和经济效益。     

腾冲科学钻探孔非弹性应变恢复法三维地应力测量

用非弹性应变恢复法(简称ASR法)进行了腾冲科学钻探孔地应力测量。基于岩芯测量的ASR法是近年来发展起来的深部三维地应力测量的一种经济实用的新方法。使用该方法进行了720 m至1098 m深处的三维地应力测量,获得了该深度范围的地应力状态。测量结果表明:最大和中间主应力近于水平,最小主应力近于铅直。最大水平主应力方向为30°到45°。测量结果与地震机制解进行了对比。对比表明,ASR法得到的结果与地震机制解非常吻合。应力状态有利于高角度断层产生走滑运动,低角度断层产生逆冲运动。这与腾冲地区的地震断层活动性质一致。测量结果对地震机理的研究有意义。     

The zooplankton community of the Mpenjati Estuary, a South African temporarily open/closed system

The aim of this study was to examine spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton abundance and biomass, both during the closed (dry season) and open (wet season) phases of the Mpenjati Estuary, South Africa. On average, nighttime abundance values were 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than daytime values. A total of 51 and 36 zooplankton taxa were identified during the open and closed phases, respectively. The estuarine species Pseudodiaptomus hessei, Acartia natalensis and Gastrosaccus brevifissura dominated the assemblage during both phases. During the open phase marine zooplankton species entered the estuary and increased the zooplankton species diversity. At the same time, the biomass of the estuarine zooplankton species decreased substantially due to scouring of the sediment, increase in salinity and turbulence, and possibly also in grazing pressure. Conversely, during the closed phase the zooplankton diversity decreased, since no marine organisms entered the estuary, but the biomass of typical estuarine species increased due to the stability of the estuary. The fluctuations in the zooplankton community structure between the closed and the open phases suggest that the opening and the closing of the estuary are very important processes in determining the food web of the estuary.     

Stress Analysis and Optimum Design of PDC Die for Offshore Drilling Engineering

The maximum internal tangential stress is a critical parameter for the design of the PDC （polycrystalline diamond compact） die that has been widely applied to offshore oil drilling. A new simple equation for the calculation of the stress is developed, and verified by the test data from Kingdream Corp. of China, the largest bit Company in China. An opti- mum method for the design of the PDC die is presented and demonstrated in detail, and software for the design and FEM analysis of the die is developed on the basis of the method. This software has been used in oil industry in recent years.