Synrift stratigraphic geometry in a transfer zone coarse-grained delta complex, Miocene Pohang Basin, SE Korea

The Gojusan fan delta is a coarse‐grained delta complex on the western margin of the Miocene Pohang Basin, SE Korea. The deposits consist of five facies associations (FA): alluvial‐fan conglomerates (FA I), shallow‐marine mouth‐bar sandstones (FA II), fluvial and mouth‐bar conglomerates (FA III), Gilbert‐type foreset conglomerates (FA IV) and hemipelagic mudstones (FA V). Different facies associations characterize the northern, central and southern parts of the delta complex. To the north, FA IV is laterally juxtaposed with FA I or the basement, with scarp‐derived breccias along the contact. Centrally, and to the south, FA I is laterally juxtaposed with FA II, with an abrupt facies change and local inliers of basement rocks along the contact. Early alluvial fan and mouth‐bar deposits are overlain by the topset (FA III) and truncated by the foreset (FA IV) of a Gilbert‐type delta in the central part of the fan delta complex, whereas FA II passes transitionally upward into FA III in the south, with the latter extending basinward into a gently inclined shoal water delta front. Gilbert‐type and shoal‐water geometries are therefore developed in the same delta complex. The composite delta geometry is interpreted as reflecting (1) its development near an extensional transfer zone where the hangingwall relief was variable over short distances along strike, and (2) the operation of intrabasinal faults. This interpretation contrasts with previous studies that viewed the delta complex as having formed along a pull‐apart basin margin.     

地震序列类型的岩石破裂实验研究

采用花岗岩和砂岩拼合的岩样，做单面直接剪切破坏实验，并以微破裂信息存储分析系统连续采集信号。通过波形图研究发现，诸如“前破-主破-余破型”、“主破-余破型”、“群破型”、“双破或多破型”、“孤立型破裂”等都有波形记录，而大破裂前的“平静”、“密集”、“低频扰动”及“慢破裂”现象也有波形显示。这些结果与天然地震很相似。几乎所有天然地震的类型和震兆异常都能在声发射破裂实验中得到发现和验证。实验还显示，在低应力阶段破裂类型较单一，但随着应力升高和逼近主（大）破裂，破裂类型越来越多，而且低频成分变多的破裂增多，慢破裂也增多。     

中国大陆及邻区6级以上强震的关联序列研究

将1次大地震后相继出现的6级地震缺震或连发与下次大地震事件的连续过程称为关联序列。分别对中国大陆及邻区近百年来69次浅源大地震前出现的6级地震缺震、连发异常图像的结构特点，各类序列的时程、时空分布及出现概率进行了对比分析。结果显示，有53次震例的关联序列，包含超过1次6级缺震及连发的2-4元序列，均在0．5-2年内完成，因此在大地震预测中，对大地震前出现的6级地震缺震、连发关联序列类型与特征的及时识别，可能作为一种新的判定依据。     

冀东高尚堡油田Es3^2＋3层序地层学研究

采用地震约束测井、测井标定和校正地震，二者相互动态调整的方法，对冀东高尚堡油田深层地层进行了深入的层序地层学研究：将Es3^2＋3地层划分为1个层序、2个体系域、6个准层序组和16个准层序；总结了层序界面特征，将Es3^2和Es3^4顶部大套厚层泥岩作为目的层段层序研究的一般标志层，但是陆相沉积特有的复杂性，使得其识别难度很大；探讨了地层层序特征，认为目的层有两处沉积中心，其总体延伸方向近东西向。下部湖退体系域形成于湖盆收缩期，以G35-1、G62井区和G82井区沉积为中心，地层最厚；上部湖进体系域形成于湖盆大面积扩张时期，其沉积中心（G30—28井区以及G13—13井区）相对于下部体系域两个沉积中心，分别向北和东迁移。     

Variation of stress during the rupture process of the 1995 M_L=4.1 Shacheng, Hebei, China, earthquake sequence

Introduction An earthquake could be caused by the failure of focal material or fast slip on the pre-existed faults under the tectonic stress based on the understanding of the occurrence process of earth-quakes in which the stress change could play a key role. Therefore to examine the stress change is beneficial to understanding the physic process actually occurring in the source region deeply. The apparent stress is defined as the product of seismic efficiency and the average stress on the foc…     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组沉积体系和层序特征

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组沉积体系类型形成于不同的地质背景，物源方向和沉积环境也不同，因此沉积特征和分布规律差异较大。以主力含油层段长8油组为例，辫状河三角洲体系主要位于盆地西南缘较陡坡带，砂体为长石砂岩，以槽状层理构造发育、前三角洲中有重力流沉积为特征；重力流沉积主要分布在盆地南部渭北地区的长7油层段，以岩屑砂岩为主，形成于深湖环境中，发育的鲍玛组合层序有ABCE、ADE、AE和BCE型序列；东北方向水系形成了曲流河三角洲体系，主要位于盆地东北缓坡带上，三角洲分流河道伸展距离长，朵体规模大，以长石细砂岩为主，河口砂坝发育。     

层序地层地球化学及其在油气勘探中的作用

层序地层地球化学主要研究基于层序地层格架下的烃源层空间分布特征和源岩有机质的地球化学性质随层序、体系域的变化规律。以大民屯凹陷为实例的研究结果表明,层序地层地球化学研究在油气勘探中具有4个方面的主要作用:(1)预测未钻井或未取心地区烃源层空间分布特征和源岩有机质地球化学性质;(2)通过细化烃源岩评价单元,提高资源量计算中烃源岩体积估算和有机质性质评价的精度;(3)为基于层序地层格架的油气成藏系统研究提供“油气源”和“资源量”的要素;(4)可以作为盆地沉积充填分析的线索,并对已建立的层序地层格架进行检验和校正。层序地层地球化学研究不仅对中国东部老油田隐蔽油气藏的勘探工作具有重要的意义,对勘探程度低、钻井少、源岩取心少的西部含油气盆地中的烃源岩评价工作更为有效。     

Facies, cycles, and controls on the evolution of a keep-up carbonate platform (Kimmeridgian, Swiss Jura)

During the Late Jurassic, accelerated ocean-floor spreading and associated sea-level rise were responsible for a worldwide transgression, which reached its maximum in the Late Kimmeridgian. In many Western European basins, this major sea-level rise led to the formation of marly and condensed sections. In the Swiss Jura, however, a shallow carbonate platform kept growing and only subtle changes in the stratigraphic record suggest an increasingly open-marine influence. Field observations and thin-section analyses reveal that the central Swiss Jura was at that time occupied by tidal flats and by more or less open marine lagoons where shoals and bioherms developed. The evolution through time of sedimentary facies and bed thicknesses permits the definition of small-, medium-, and large-scale depositional sequences. The diagnostic features of these sequences are independent of scale and seem largely controlled by the Kimmeridgian second-order transgression. A high-resolution sequence-stratigraphic correlation with biostratigraphically well-dated hemipelagic and pelagic sections in the Vocontian Basin in France reveals that: (i) The most important increase in accommodation recorded in the Kimmeridgian of the central Swiss Jura occurs in the Eudoxus ammonite zone (Late Kimmeridgian) and corresponds to the second-order maximum flooding recognized in many sedimentary basins. (ii) The small- and medium-scale sequences have time durations corresponding to the first and second orbital eccentricity cycle (i.e. 100 and 400 ka, respectively), suggesting that sedimentation on the platform and in the basin was at least partly controlled by cyclic environmental changes induced by insolation variations in the Milankovitch frequency band. The comparison of the high-resolution temporal framework defined in the Swiss Jura and Vocontian Basin with the sequence-stratigraphic interpretation realized in other Western European basins shows that the large-scale sequence boundaries defined in the Kimmeridgian of the Swiss Jura appear in comparable biostratigraphic positions in most Western European basins. Discrepancies that occur are probably because of local or regional tectonics.     

The Devonian–Lower Carboniferous succession in Northwest Peninsular Malaysia

A new stratigraphic nomenclature is proposed for the approximately 600 m thick, mainly clastic transitional sequence between the underlying Mempelam Limestone and overlying Kubang Pasu/Singa Formation in northwest Peninsular Malaysia. This sequence represents shallow marine deposits of the continental margin of the Sibumasu Terrane during the Middle Palaeozoic (Devonian–Carboniferous). It is separated into several formations. The Timah Tasoh Formation is an approximately 76 m sequence consisting of 40 m of laminated tentaculitid shales at the base, containing Monograptus yukonensis Jackson and Lenz and Nowakia (Turkestanella) acuaria Alberti, giving an Early Devonian (Pragian–Emsian) age, and about 36 m of rhythmically interbedded, light coloured argillo-arenites. The Chepor Formation is about 90 m thick and consists mainly of thick red mudstone interbedded with sandstone beds, of Middle to Late Devonian age. A new limestone unit is recognized and named the Sanai Limestone, which contains conodonts of Famennian age. The Binjal Formation consists of red and white mudstone interbedded with sandstone beds showing Bouma sequences. The Telaga Jatoh Formation is 9 m thick and consists mainly of radiolarian chert. The Wang Kelian Formation is composed of thick red mudstone beds interbedded with silty sandstone, and contain fossils indicative of an Early Carboniferous (Visean) age. The succession was deposited on the outer shelf, with depositional environments vertically fluctuating from prodelta to basinal marine. The Devonian–Carboniferous boundary is exposed at Hutan Aji and Kampung Guar Jentik, and indicates a major regressive event during the latest Devonian.     

Sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene of eastern Jylland, Denmark: role of structural relief and variable sediment supply in controlling sequence development

The Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene succession in eastern Jylland can be subdivided into three sequences (A–C from older to younger) deposited on and around the Ringkøbing-Fyn High. The development of the sequences reflects a complex interaction between eustatic sea-level changes, physiography and variable sediment supply. Superimposed on this, frequent storms promoted longshore sediment transport and the development of spit systems adjacent to structural highs. As a consequence, sequence boundaries and flooding surfaces are not always expressed as portrayed in conventional sequence models; sequence boundaries or flooding surfaces may only be marked by subtle changes in depositional environment that can only be revealed by careful integration of sedimentological observations with palynological data. The influence of the topography resulted in the development of brackish water basins that were sufficiently large to permit the deposition of hummocky cross-stratified sands with muds. These deposits are overlain by clean hummocky and swaley cross-stratified sands that were deposited in a fully marine, high-energy environment. This evolution from mud-rich, storm-influenced sediments to sand-dominated shoreface sediments resulted from a rise in sea level and was not the result of shoreface progradation and downstepping during a sea level fall. In addition to the topographic control on sequence development, sediment supply to the study area changed significantly during the deposition of the three sequences. Initially the basin was sediment-starved, favouring the formation of glaucony-rich sediments. The sediment input gradually increased and the influence of structural highs and lows became less significant with time. Consequently, both sequence boundaries and flooding surfaces are characterized by more conventional features in the younger part of the succession, where a basinward displacement of the shoreline resulted in thick lowstand delta deposits.