松辽盆地北部深层层序地层格架建立与模式研究——以古龙-常家围子断陷沙河子组为例

松辽盆地北部徐家围子等地区深层勘探相继取得了一系列重大突破,但由于古龙—常家围子断陷深层地质认识程度较低,该区还处于深层勘探初期阶段。古龙—常家围子断陷区沙河子组充填了一套扇三角洲和湖泊沉积,是该区重要的储层和生油层。综合利用测井、钻井、地震等资料,将层序地层学原理应用于陆相断陷湖盆沉积,识别出沙河子组三级层序顶底界面,将其划分为2个三级层序,并在层序内部识别出高水位体系域、水进体系域、低水位体系域,建立了该区高精度的等时层序地层格架。根据沙河子组地质结构和地层发育的构造背景,建立了沙河子组层序地层模式:双向多断阶层序模式、双箕状不对称层序模式。     

松辽盆地青山口组震积岩的特征、成因及其构造-火山事件

中国大陆科学钻探松科1井南孔青山口组二、三段岩心中发育有4段深水震积岩,赋存在青二段底部到青三段底部的深湖砂岩薄夹层中。标志性震积构造有阶梯状断层、震裂缝、角砾状构造、重荷构造、砂球-砂枕构造(假结核)、液化扭曲变形构造、肠状构造、液化砂岩脉、假泥裂,均属同生-准同生期的软沉积变形构造,缺少震浊积岩表明是原地震积岩。青山口组震积岩展示了震积岩的一个发育模式和沉积序列,该序列由地震作用强烈时期发育的液化变形下部单元和地震作用衰减时期发育的塑性变形上部单元构成。松科1井南孔青山口组中火山物质与火山灰夹层共生。在金6井、金65井相当层位有橄榄粗安岩、火山角砾岩发育,乾124井、乾109井有玄武岩发育,这些井均位于孙吴-双辽超壳断裂一线,表明在青山口期有构造-火山事件的发生,震积岩是构造-火山事件引发的地震在深水环境中的记录。松辽盆地青山口期有构造-火山事件的发生,显示坳陷阶段也存在相当规模的断裂活动和火山喷发。     

罗布泊盐湖化学沉积序列及其控制因素

罗布泊位于塔里木盆地的东部,是世界最大的第四纪干盐湖之一。罗布泊盐湖化学沉积序列总体简单,即为石膏—钙芒硝（巨厚）—石盐（很薄）,但细节变化则很复杂,在钙芒硝阶段和石盐阶段出现了很多含钾盐矿物的薄层,按时代从老到新,可划分出9个区段。罗布泊化学沉积序列除了与江汉盆地第三纪古盐湖有一定的相似性之外,与其他陆相、非海相和海相蒸发沉积序列有明显的差异,这可能与该地区的气候变化、物源背景及构造环境等有关。这种特殊的化学沉积序列应该是全球气候变化与大地构造运动在盐湖沉积中的响应,气候持续干化与补给变化的耦合,是造成罗布泊盐湖特殊的化学沉积序列的机制。     

四川盆地包界地区须家河组层序界面特征

层序地层学研究最关键的是对层序界面的识别。以四川盆地包界地区须家河组为例,综合应用野外露头、钻井岩芯、测井曲线、地震剖面等资料,识别出4种类型的层序界面,它们分别是:冲刷面、岩性岩相转换面、古风化壳、沉积结构转换面。并阐述了研究区层序界面在钻井岩芯、野外露头、测井曲线、地震剖面上的特征、识别标志和表现形式。这一研究成果对于正确划分研究区须家河组层序具有重要意义。     

Stratigraphic,sedimentological and palaeoenvironmental constraints on the rise of the Urgonian platform in the western Swiss Jura

Urgonian‐type carbonates are a characteristic feature of many late Early Cretaceous shallow‐marine, tropical and subtropical environments. The presence of typical photozoan carbonate‐producing communities including corals and rudists indicates the prevalence of warm, transparent and presumably oligotrophic conditions in a period otherwise characterized by the high density of globally occurring anoxic episodes. Of particular interest, therefore, is the exploration of relationships between Urgonian platform growth and palaeoceanographic change. In the French and Swiss Jura Mountains, the onset and evolution of the Urgonian platform have been controversially dated, and a correlation with other, better dated, successions is correspondingly difficult. It is for this reason that the stratigraphy and sedimentology of a series of recently exposed sections (Eclépens, Vaumarcus and Neuchâtel) and, in addition, the section of the Gorges de l’Areuse were analysed. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, the evolution of phosphorus contents of bulk rock, a sequence‐stratigraphic interpretation and a correlation of drowning unconformities with better dated sections in the Helvetic Alps were used to constrain the age of the Urgonian platform. The sum of the data and field observations suggests the following evolution: during the Hauterivian, important outward and upward growth of a bioclastic and oolitic carbonate platform is documented in two sequences, separated by a phase of platform drowning during the late Early Hauterivian. Following these two phases of platform growth, a second drowning phase occurred during the latest Hauterivian and Early Barremian, which was accompanied by significant platform erosion and sediment reworking. The Late Barremian witnessed the renewed installation of a carbonate platform, which initiated with a phase of oolite production, and which progressively evolved into a typical Urgonian carbonate platform colonized by corals and rudists. This phase terminated at the latest in the middle Early Aptian, due to a further drowning event. The evolution of this particular platform segment is compatible with that of more distal and well‐dated segments of the same northern Tethyan platform preserved in the Helvetic zone of the Alps and in the northern subalpine chains (Chartreuse and Vercors).     

The incised valley of Baffin Bay,Texas: a tale of two climates

Baffin Bay, Texas is the flooded Last Glacial Maximum incised valley of the Los Olmos, San Fernando and Petronila Creeks along the north‐western Gulf of Mexico. Cores up to 17 m in length and high‐resolution seismic profiles were used to study the history of Baffin Bay over the last 10 kyr and to document the unusual depositional environments within the valley fill. The deposits of the Baffin Bay incised valley record two major and two minor events. Around 8·0 ka, the estuarine environments backstepped more than 15 km in response to an increase in the rate of sea‐level rise. Around 5·5 ka, these estuarine environments changed from environments similar to other estuaries of the northern Gulf of Mexico to the unusual suite of environments found today. Another minor flooding event occurred around 4·8 ka in which several internal spits were flooded. Some time after 4·0 ka, the upper‐bay mud‐flats experienced a progradational event. Because of its semi‐arid climate and isolation from the Gulf of Mexico, five depositional environments not found in the other incised‐valley fills of the northern Gulf of Mexico are found today within Baffin Bay. These deposits include well‐laminated carbonate and siliciclastic open‐bay muds, ooid beaches, shelly internal spits and barrier islands, serpulid worm‐tube reefs and prograding upper‐bay mud‐flats. Based on these unusual deposits, and other characteristics of Baffin Bay, five criteria are suggested to help identify incised valleys that filled in arid and semi‐arid climates. These criteria include the presence of: (i) hypersaline‐tolerant fauna; (ii) aeolian deposits; and (iii) carbonate and/or evaporite deposits; and the absence of: (iv) peat or other organic‐rich deposits in the upper bay and bay‐margin areas; and (v) well‐developed fluvially dominated bayhead deltas.     

哀牢山造山型金成矿系统:复合造山构造演化与成矿作用初探

哀牢山金矿带是我国最重要的喜马拉雅期造山型金矿带,形成于三江特提斯复合造山过程中。论文基于对哀牢山复合造山带区域构造背景、控矿构造系统演化、金成矿期次及其时代的系统研究,从金成矿年代序列、成矿过程构造控制及成矿作用动力学环境三个方面,探讨了复合造山过程中的金矿成矿作用。研究结果表明,哀牢山金矿带发育三期金矿成矿-热事件:早期金成矿作用(61.55～63.09Ma)对应于逆冲推覆构造系统最为发育的时期,与剪切走滑断裂构造的形成同步,显示它们统一受控于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞早期的强烈汇聚挤压构造动力学体制;主期金成矿作用(33.76～36.10Ma)对应于区域挤压构造应力场的相对松弛阶段以及富碱斑岩和剪切走滑断裂构造系统最为发育的时期,受控于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞构造动力学转换体制,并可能受青藏高原物质东向逃逸和软流圈脉动隆起的联合制约,金矿大规模成矿作用与构造动力体制转换过程中的壳幔物质强烈交换与构造变形密切相关;晚期金成矿作用(26.40～30.80Ma)对应于岩石圈伸展作用的发生以及亏损地幔减压熔融产生的板内高钾岩浆岩的就位,受控于印度板块反向旋转拖曳与斜向俯冲回退的综合作用。     

中国晚前寒武纪年表和年代地层序列

本文依据2009年11月24日全国地层委员会前寒武纪分会扩大会议上形成的一个共识,对中国晚前寒武纪年表进行重新标定:即长城系限定在1.8～1.6Ga,包括常州沟组、串岭沟组、团山子组、大红峪组;蓟县系限定在1.6～1.4Ga,包括高于庄组、杨庄组、雾迷山组、洪水庄组、铁岭组;待建系1.4～1.0Ga,蓟县剖面上仅发育下马岭组;青白口系限定在1.0～0.78Ga,包括骆驼岭组和景儿峪组;南华系限定在780～635Ma及震旦系限定在635～542Ma。关于最新的江南古陆晚前寒武纪地层中的一系列锆石U-Pb数据,应标定在青白口系上部。另外,华北古陆上最新的锆石U-Pb测年结果,初步揭示华北古陆前寒武系火山岩省的存在和分布范围,结合全球大陆动力学的基本特征,有利于我们建立一个前寒武纪统一的、精确的和具有年代系统的高精度年龄的基础剖面。     

The exceptional Herbig Ae star HD 101412: The first detection of resolved magnetically split lines and the presence of chemical spots in a Herbig star

In our previous search for magnetic fields in Herbig Ae stars, we pointed out that HD 101412 possesses the strongest magnetic field among the Herbig Ae stars and hence is of special interest for follow‐up studies of magnetism among young pre‐main‐sequence stars. We obtained high‐resolution, high signal‐to‐noise UVES and a few lower quality HARPS spectra revealing the presence of resolved magnetically split lines. HD 101412 is the first Herbig Ae star for which the rotational Doppler effect was found to be small in comparison to the magnetic splitting and several spectral lines observed in unpolarized light at high dispersion are resolved into magnetically split components. The measured mean magnetic field modulus varies from 2.5 to 3.5kG, while the mean quadratic field was found to vary in the range of 3.5 to 4.8 kG. To determine the period of variations, we used radial velocity, equivalent width, line width, and line asymmetry measurements of variable spectral lines of several elements, as well as magnetic field measurements. The period determination was done using the Lomb‐Scargle method. The most pronounced variability was detected for spectral lines of He I and the iron peak elements, whereas the spectral lines of CNO elements are only slightly variable. From spectral variations and magnetic field measurements we derived a potential rotation period P_rot = 13.86 d, which has to be proven in future studies with a larger number of observations. It is the first time that the presence of element spots is detected on the surface of a Herbig Ae/Be star. Our previous study of Herbig Ae stars revealed a trend towards stronger magnetic fields for younger Herbig Ae stars, confirmed by statistical tests. This is in contrast to a few other (non‐statistical) studies claiming that magnetic Herbig Ae stars are progenitors of the magnetic Ap stars. New developments in MHD theory show that the measured magnetic field strengths are compatible with a current‐driven instability of toroidal fields generated by differential rotation in the stellar interior. This explanation for magnetic intermediate‐mass stars could be an alternative to a frozen‐in fossil field (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

草鱼种质退化相关SRAP分子标记的筛选

采用相关序列扩增多态性（sequence-reared amplified polymorphism，SRAP）技术分析野生草鱼和家养草鱼，并筛选与草鱼种质退化相关的分子遗传标记。共进行88对引物组合的检测，产生标记数目共计905个。依据标记在群体中出现的频率和变化规律，共筛选出21个可能与种质相关的特异性标记，对这些特异性标记进行测序并将测序结果进行BLAST分析，发现测得片段中有8个片段能在GeneBank中找到同源性较高的序列，而其他片段与数据库中序列的相似性较低。