模糊控制在污水处理系统中的应用

介绍了模糊控制技术在三沟式氧化沟污水处理中的应用 ,对模糊控制系统的结构和原理进行了详细的讨论。该系统已成功应用到上海闵行污水处理厂三期工程中 ,运行效果良好     

AR模型在大地电磁测深资料处理中的应用

大地电磁测深资料数据采集过程中,由于温度、湿度等对仪器的影响或GPS搜星不正常,采集到的数据有时会出现时间序列跳帧或缺失现象.针对这一问题,本文将基于无激励AR(p)模型预测数据的原理引入大地电磁测深数据处理中.根据已知序列确定AR(p)模型阶数以及模型参数,建立正确的预测模型对缺失数据进行预测,并对比经过预测后的数据与实际样本数据的频谱,表明AR(p)预测模型可以解决原始资料的不连续性问题,提高了大地电磁测深野外资料的利用率.     

地球化学场精细结构解析方案与应用

为满足勘查地球化学对化探数据处理越来越精细的要求,把人工神经网络和统计分析结合起来形成地球化学场精细结构解析方案。该方案包括对地球化学样品的分类和对各类样品性质的详细研究,目的在于提供便捷的数学和计算机软件工具,以提取化探数据中的深层信息。可以用于:①研究各组样品中元素含量水平和组合特征以解释可能的矿种;②研究元素组合特征与指示元素的关联和区别以揭示可能的成矿作用过程;③研究异常样品的空间组合属性以揭示地球化学场的精细结构;④研究异常样品之间的差异性以缩小找矿靶区;⑤综合分析以确定剥蚀深度和找矿前景。该方案也适用于环境地球化学及矿产资源预测研究。     

自然资源调查监测技术体系构建的方向与任务

自然资源统一调查监测技术体系（简称《技术体系》）的构建与应用,是建立健全自然资源监管体制、推动资源集约节约利用、促进人与自然和谐共生的一项重要举措,也是一项内容众多、复杂艰巨的科技工程。本文根据自然资源统一调查监测的任务与要求,从调查监测信息过程的整体性特征和工程化业务实施的系统性特征出发,分析了《技术体系》构建所面临的基本问题,提出了基于整体性的《技术体系》的总体架构;继而以协同化数据感知、自动化信息处理、精细化场景管理、智能化知识服务等为主线,论述了《技术体系》的发展方向;然后根据先进性与适用性相结合的要求,分析了《技术体系》的数智化实现路径,提出了“空天地海网”一体化协同感知网络体系构建、信息自动处理平台研发、时空场景模型构建、自然资源时空知识服务系统研发、工程化技术重构等主要研发任务。为了切实地做好该技术体系的构建与推广应用,今后还应进一步加强战略需求分析,推动关键技术创新,促进跨学科交叉研究。     

国产“环境一号”(HJ-1)卫星遥感影像桥梁提取研究

基于桥梁与水体的空间关系,结合卫星遥感影像数据包含的多光谱和形态学特征信息,提出一种有效提取国产“环境一号”(HJ-1)卫星遥感影像桥梁目标的方法.利用国产“环境一号”(HJ-1)卫星遥感影像数据进行桥梁目标提取试验.结果表明,该方法能快速、准确、有效地提取“环境一号”卫星影像中的桥梁目标,具有一定的应用价值.     

PTrees: A point-based approach to forest tree extraction from lidar data

This paper introduces PTrees, a multi-scale dynamic point cloud segmentation dedicated to forest tree extraction from lidar point clouds. The method process the point data using the raw elevation values (Z) and compute height (H = Z − ground elevation) during post-processing using an innovative procedure allowing to preserve the geometry of crown points. Multiple segmentations are done at different scales. Segmentation criteria are then applied to dynamically select the best set of apices from the tree segments extracted at the various scales. The selected set of apices is then used to generate a final segmentation. PTrees has been tested in 3 different forest types, allowing to detect 82% of the trees with under 10% of false detection rate. Future development will integrate crown profile estimation during the segmentation process in order to both maximize the detection of suppressed trees and minimize false detections.     

Three-parameter Radon transform in layered transversely isotropic media

Radon transform is a powerful tool with many applications in different stages of seismic data processing, because of its capability to focus seismic events in the transform domain. Three-parameter Radon transform can optimally focus and separate different seismic events, if its basis functions accurately match the events. In anisotropic media, the conventional hyperbolic or shifted hyperbolic basis functions lose their accuracy and cannot preserve data fidelity, especially at large offsets. To address this issue, we propose an accurate traveltime approximation for transversely isotropic media with vertical symmetry axis, and derive two versions of Radon basis functions, time-variant and time-invariant. A time-variant basis function can be used in time domain Radon transform algorithms while a time-invariant version can be used in, generally more efficient, frequency domain algorithms. Comparing the time-variant and time-invariant Radon transform by the proposed basis functions, the time-invariant version can better focus different seismic events; it is also more accurate, especially in presence of vertical heterogeneity. However, the proposed time-invariant basis functions are suitable for a specific type of layered anisotropic media, known as factorized media. We test the proposed methods and illustrate successful applications of them for trace interpolation and coherent noise attenuation.     

探地雷达野外勘察数据干扰及其滤除方法

针对探地雷达的数据干扰问题,讨论了探地雷达接收波的种类和速度参数,确定干扰信息,并分别对电线杆、架空线路、山体等各种干扰体进行了实例分析,利用到达时间和传播速度上的差异,综合运用反褶积、FK滤波、偏移等方法对干扰进行了滤波处理,结果显示多次波、弧形干扰、水平干扰等一系列干扰都被有效滤除,突出了有效波.证明这种滤波思路和方法是可行的,能够为下一步的解释工作打下良好基础.     

从卫星遥感全色图像中自动提取城市目标

提出了一种从卫星遥感全色图像中自动提取城市目标的方法。在总结城市目标的卫星遥感全色图像特性的基础上,设计了一种层次提取的方法。首先在低分辨率图像中提取城市目标的候选区域;接着在候选区域内利用城市目标一些更复杂的特性在高分辨率图像中证实城市目标。为了获得城市目标的边界,提出了一种基于边缘点密度的算法,并将算法应用去提取SPOT图像中的城市目标,取得了较好的试验结果。     

Successful sidetracking of a well onshore Germany by integration of 3D vertical seismic profiling technology – a case study

The exploration for and exploitation of deep Lower Rotliegend gasfields onshore in North Germany often suffers from poor surface seismic imaging. This is owing to the depth of the reservoirs and a thick and complex Zechstein salt overburden. RWE Dea conducted a 3D vertical seismic profile (VSP) survey in a low‐performing production well after the borehole was plugged near total depth. Our main objective was to improve the seismic image of the reservoir zone in the vicinity of the well to determine a new landing point for a planned sidetrack. Because acquisition was in a densely populated and also partially environmentally protected area, there were surface restrictions concerning source deployment. Additionally, due to the complex geological setting, we conducted two 2D VSP field tests and thorough pre‐survey modelling to achieve the best results in terms of seismic imaging, environmental impact and reasonable cost. Deformation bands in the drill core suggest that the initial well was drilled close to a major fault, which was regarded as the main reason for the disappointing production rate. Therefore, we put special emphasis on fault detection in our processing and interpretation. Our interpretation approach used an enhanced structural mapping workflow that helped to design a sidetrack. When the sidetrack was drilled two years later, it ended up being one of the most productive wells in the field.