Assessing the potential of reservoir outflow management to reduce sedimentation using continuous turbidity monitoring and reservoir modelling

In‐stream sensors are increasingly deployed as part of ambient water quality‐monitoring networks. Temporally dense data from these networks can be used to better understand the transport of constituents through streams, lakes or reservoirs. Data from existing, continuously recording in‐stream flow and water quality monitoring stations were coupled with the two‐dimensional hydrodynamic CE‐QUAL‐W2 model to assess the potential of altered reservoir outflow management to reduce sediment trapping in John Redmond Reservoir, located in east‐central Kansas. Monitoring stations upstream and downstream from the reservoir were used to estimate 5.6 million metric tons of sediment transported to John Redmond Reservoir from 2007 through 2010, 88% of which was trapped within the reservoir. The two‐dimensional model was used to estimate the residence time of 55 equal‐volume releases from the reservoir; sediment trapping for these releases varied from 48% to 97%. Smaller trapping efficiencies were observed when the reservoir was maintained near the normal operating capacity (relative to higher flood pool levels) and when average residence times were relatively short. An idealized, alternative outflow management scenario was constructed, which minimized reservoir elevations and the length of time water was in the reservoir, while continuing to meet downstream flood control end points identified in the reservoir water control manual. The alternative scenario is projected to reduce sediment trapping in the reservoir by approximately 3%, preventing approximately 45 000 metric tons of sediment from being deposited within the reservoir annually. This article presents an approach to quantify the potential of reservoir management using existing in‐stream data; actual management decisions need to consider the effects on other reservoir benefits, such as downstream flood control and aquatic life. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Integration of remote sensing data into hydrological models for reservoir management

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to present the methodology set up to derive catchment soil moisture from Earth Observation (EO) data using microwave spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from ERS satellites and to study the improvements brought about by an assimilation of this information into hydrological models. The methodology used to derive EO data is based on the appropriate selection of land cover types for which the radar signal is mainly sensitive to soil moisture variations. Then a hydrological model is chosen, which can take advantage of the new information brought by remote sensing. The assimilation of soil moisture deduced from EO data into hydrological models is based principally on model parameter updating. The main assumption of this method is that the better the model simulates the current hydrological system, the better the following forecast will be. Another methodology used is a sequential one based on Kalman filtering. These methods have been put forward for use in the European AIMWATER project on the Seine catchment upstream of Paris (France) where dams are operated to alleviate floods in the Paris area.     

梯级水库运行期设计洪水理论和方法

人类活动和气候变化显著地改变了河川径流及洪水的时空分配过程，直接影响下游断面的设计洪水。本文综述水库对下游水文情势的影响，提出梯级水库运行期设计洪水理论方法和研究内容；重点探讨非一致性洪水频率分析和基于Copula函数的最可能地区洪水组成法，比较各种方法的实用性；推荐采用运行期设计洪水及汛控水位指导水库调度运行，建议进一步加强水库运行期设计洪水计算理论和方法研究。     

济阳坳陷上第三系的沉积特征及沉积相的纵向演化规律

本文根据岩性特征、沉积构造、砂体厚度和测井曲线特征等资料，对4口岩心井进行了沉积相分析，详细研究了不同时期的河流类型及沉积相的演化规律，从而认为济阳凹陷上第三系沉积大体经历了3个阶段：早期的冲积扇一辫状河阶段，中期的辫状河一低弯度曲流河阶段及晚期的高弯度曲流河阶段，同时分析了不同砂体的油气储集性能。     

双密度重叠找气新方法

本文根据岩石孔隙中的天然气引起介电测井孔隙度减小和密度测井孔隙度增大的原理,建立了双密度重叠找气新方法,消除了岩性的影响,提高了测井找气的分辨率,增加了评价气层的直观性。该方法用于寻找陕甘宁盆地低孔隙白云岩气藏,获得了明显的地质效果。这种方法还可以在其它储层岩性气藏中应用。     

油藏动力学模型研究的思路、内容和方法

油藏动力学模型由油藏外部形态模型、油藏内部结构模型、岩石物理特性模型、油、气、水特征模型及油藏动力系统模型５个子系统构成。建模工作通常分勘探期、开发前期、开发期及开发中－晚期４个阶段进行，各阶段中建模研究内容、层次及研究方法各有侧重。在整个油藏动力学模型研究系统工作中，储层地质模型与油藏动力系统模型是研究重点，地下原油（或剩余油）分布的动态变化规律是研究目的。     

漳州热田地下热水的循环深度

漳州热田是我国东南沿海地区目前所见温度(121.5℃)最高的一个。热田地热地质、地球化学以及地温场的研究结果表明,漳州热田属于深循环对流型热田。为了计算热田的热水循环深度,本文采用管道模型的方法,利用热田中心钻孔的测温资料计算地下热水上涌的流速,利用热田内水化学资料计算热储温度,然后用图解法求出漳州热田热水的循环深度为3.4—4.0 km,为漳州热田的成因分析和热水资源的评价提供了依据。     

云南蒙自五里冲水库区F1,F2断层新活动年代研究

五里冲水库地处侵蚀山区,缺乏第四纪地层作为研究断层新活动年代的对比标志。本文以F_1、F_2断层带内发育的多期方解石脉和断层泥为研究对象,采用显微构造分析,热释光(TL)测年法和扫描电镜(SEM)分析,石英溶蚀速率测年法,对库区F_1、F_2断层新活动的年代进行综合判定。确认:F_1、F_2断层最后一次明显活动的年代分别为(2.93±0.31)×10~5年和(2.33±0.26)×10~5年以前,为评估五里冲水库构造稳定性,提供了可靠的数据。     

Fault－weakening effect of reservoir temperature of hot spring and its influence on seismic activities

Ｆａｕｌｔ－ｗｅａｋｅｎｉｎｇ　ｅｆｆｅｃｔ　ｏｆ　ｒｅｓｅｒｖｏｉｒ　ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ　ｏｆ　ｈｏｔ　ｓｐｒｉｎｇ　ａｎｄ　ｉｔｓ　ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ　ｏｎ　ｓｅｉｓｍｉｃ　ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ（林元武）Ｆａｕｌｔ－ｗｅａｋｅｎｉｎｇｅｆｆｅ...     

干法毛管压力试验新技术及其在判别储层水饱和度中的应用

根据毛细管压力理论研制的ＹＢ－１型岩石水饱和度仪，广泛应用于油气勘探开发中测定储集岩石的含水饱和度，测定误差小于５％，该方法为不受取心条件、样品大小、物性和岩性限制快速的新方法，实际应用证明效果较好