Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
D.P. Angel and M.T. Rock (eds.), Asia's Clean Revolution - Industry, Growth and the Environment.
Heidi Dahles and Karin Bras (eds.), Tourism and Small Entrepreneurs: Development, National Policy and Entrepreneurial Cultures - Indonesian Cases.
Ian Marsh, Jean Blondel and Takashi Inoguchi (eds.), Democracy, Governance, and Economic Performance: East and Southeast Asia.
John Oates Myth and Reality in the Rain Forest: How Conservation Strategies Are Failing in West Africa.     

应用主成分分析、聚类分析划分新疆绿洲生态经济类型的初步研究

本文结合新疆实际，采用多元统计中主成分分析法、聚类分析法，对新疆87个市县进行了生态经济类型划分。首先确立指标体系，然后用主成分分析法对原始数据进行筛选，接着用聚类分析法将87个市县划分为十大类型，最后对各类型生态经济现状进行了分析，评价和概述，为系统整体地认识和评价新疆各地区的生态经济协调发展现状，因地制宜地制定可持续发展政策提供科学依据。     

Extreme rainfall events in Catalonia. The case of 12 November 1988

A study of the synoptic situation which produced the catastrophic floods of November 1988 in Catalonia (in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula) is presented. Analyses of the vertical structure, potential instability, precipitable water, and instability index are made through the radiosounding data from Palma, Majorca. It is found that the 1988 situation is included in type I intense convective events in Catalonia (classification obtained from all the events since 1950, (Llasat, 1989)). It was characterized by: class="OrderedList">

The Export Behavior of Small Canadian Manufacturing Firms*

This paper reports on a survey of the export behavior of small Canadian manufacturing firms. An analysis of tables (ANOTA) model is used to describe the relationship between export performance and market characteristics. The export transactions of these firms are also examined using ANOTA and latent class analysis. The relationship between export experience and geographic diversification predicted by stages of development models is confirmed. In addition, two types of export transactions are identified: (1) active exports that help firms reach a market of sufficient size and (2) passive exports in response to demand from foreign customers.     

空间物体分类及空间物体构造

空间物体描述是ＧＩＳ的基本任务之一，而空间物体的分类是空间物体描述的基础。理想的空间物体分类模型不但应具有完备描述（构造）各种空间物体的能力，而且应能够揭示基本的空间关系，有助于空间分析的规范化系统化。本文在分析空间概念模型和现有的几种空间物体分类模型的基础上，提出了空间物体分类的基本原则，给出了新的空间物体分类模型：简单点、复合点、简单线、有向简单线、复合线、有向复合线、多边形，并说明了以这类基本物体类型构造复杂物体的一般性方法。     

Simpson’s Paradox in Natural Resource Evaluation

Reversals of statistical relationships, when two or more groups of data in a cross tabulation are aggregated, were first revealed more than a century ago. The reversal was later named Simpson’s paradox after his reversal examples in a seminal paper drew the attention of the statistical community. However, almost all the published cases have been in sociology and biomedical statistics. Does Simpson’s reversal occur in geosciences? Various examples from petroleum geology and reservoir modeling will be shown in this paper. Boundary conditions for such a reversal will be discussed under a broader framework of sampling analysis. Ecological inference bias, change of support problem, modifiable areal unit problem, and reference class problem will be discussed in relation to the Simpson’s paradox in the framework of spatial statistics. It will be demonstrated that the traditional interpretation of the paradox as a result of disproportional sampling based on a contingency table is not always true in the framework of spatial statistics, and the reversal while theoretically benign is inferentially treacherous. Therefore, emphasis will be on the discussion of combining statistical and scientific inferences in geologic modeling and hydrocarbon resource evaluation under various sampling schemes or support effect with or without a Simpson’s reversal.     

毫米级高数据密度流动卫星激光测距仪的研究

针对空间大地测量及航天技术的需求．分析了提高SLR数据精度和数据量的技术和方法,讨论了在原有流动卫星激光测距仪TROS-Ⅰ的基础上对激光器、计数器以及控制设备等关键部分进行改造的可行性,并提出了设计方案。     

西藏砂生槐种群结构与点格局分析

以雅鲁藏布江中游砂生槐种群为研究对象,采用相邻格子法分别在半固定沙地和固定沙地设立20 m×30 m的样方,通过对不同生境条件下种群年龄结构、空间分布格局以及不同径级空间关联等方面的研究,探讨了砂生槐种群结构与空间格局及其影响因素。结果表明,半固定沙地和固定沙地砂生槐种群年龄结构与种群（总和）特征基本一致,均呈基部宽、顶部狭,随径级增大个体数减少的趋势。砂生槐种群中幼龄体的空间分布呈明显的集群分布,随着年龄等级的增加,由中幼龄体不同尺度下的集群和随机分布交替出现过渡到大龄等级下的随机分布。半固定沙地砂生槐种群不同径级的空间关系有正相关和不相关两种方式,变化趋势是随着径级差距的加大,幼体与其他径级砂生槐的空间正相关性逐渐减弱;固定沙地砂生槐种群不同径级的空间关系均呈正相关。