钢筋混凝土柱地震损伤模型比较研究

损伤指数是判断结构或构件经受地震作用后是否破坏、评价结构或构件破坏程度的重要指标,是对震后受损结构进行安全评估和修复加固的重要理论依据。基于40组钢筋混凝土柱的试验结果,对国内外7种较具代表性的损伤模型进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:对于同一试件,不同损伤模型计算得到的损伤指标差异较大,损伤曲线发展趋势亦不同;基于能量的损伤模型多表现出前期增长速度快和后期增长速度慢的上凸趋势,而基于变形和能量组合形式的双参数损伤模型多表现出前期增长速度慢和后期增长速度快的上凹趋势;Park-Ang模型及其改进形式能够较好地反映构件层次的损伤发展过程,但未知参数较多,计算过程较复杂,不利于整体结构层次的震害评估;从能量耗散原理角度提出的损伤模型更符合整体结构抗震的本质,未知参数少且计算过程简单,但存在边界条件的界定不明确的缺陷,因此还需要做更深入的研究。     

RC框架结构直接基于位移的抗震优化设计方法

探讨了静力弹塑性分析验证过程中遇到的几种情况及其产生原因,指出建筑结构设计方案在基于位移的抗震设计中的重要性。从框架结构的侧移模式出发,导出结构一定性能水平的目标顶点位移,建立结构目标顶点位移与等效位移的关系式,根据位移反应谱,由等效位移推出框架结构在各性能水平的目标周期。然后,由pushover曲线确定结构刚度退化机理,导出结构各性能水平相应的自振周期比例关系,根据结构各性能水平自振周期与目标周期的关系确定结构最优设计方案。通过例题加以验证,说明了此设计方法的可行性。     

徕远广场结构设计地震波的确定

选择合适的人造地震动时程是高层建筑采用时程分析法计算地震作用的基础。介绍了徕远广场结构设计地震波的确定方法及过程。鉴于各条地震波输入进行时程分析的结果的离散性,提出可以采用场地土层反应分析得到的地表加速度时程及按照《高层技术规程》设计规准谱拟合人造波作为结构设计地震波。     

非开挖铺管钻机主要部件结构解析

分析了非开挖钻机主要部件的功能、技术要求及不同结构的优缺点等,并结合工作实践,讨论了为满足实际应用的设计思路。     

震后多层砌体结构的抗震鉴定与加固设计

本文以5·12汶川地震后绵竹市某砖混结构住宅为典型调查研究对象,介绍了震后多层砌体结构房屋的常见震害现象和一般震害规律,结合有关规范分析了一般受损建筑不同的抗震鉴定方法和手段,对比分析了各种抗震加固措施的加固效果与适用条件,较为全面地总结了一般多层砌体结构从震害调查到鉴定加固的方法和程序,为灾后砌体结构的抗震加固设计提...     

基于能量原理的粘滞阻尼器附加阻尼系数分配方法研究

以线性粘滞阻尼器加固剪切型规则框架结构为研究对象,基于能量原理提出附加阻尼系数正比于层间位移平方的分配方式。以六层和十二层钢筋混凝土框架为例,以确保结构在中震时保持弹性状态为设计目标,分别采用附加阻尼系数正比于层间位移平方的分配方式以及现有的分配方式,对结构进行消能减震设计。计算结果表明:有控结构均满足中震不坏的要求,层间位移角限值均未超过1/550,减震效果良好;附加阻尼系数正比于层间位移平方的分配方式得出的总阻尼系数最小,为最经济的设计结果。     

利用惯容隔震系统的结构层间隔震研究

层间隔震技术对于结构竖向不规则以及结构增层等状况有良好的适用性。然而,层间隔震可能出现的较大隔震层变形会带来结构设计的困难。通过在隔震层中设置阻尼元件可以减少变形,但是过大的阻尼出力和过多的数量需求可能导致空间布置和安装不便。惯容元件为解决以上问题提供了一种新的途径。该研究提出采用惯容隔震系统作为层间隔震提高能量耗散效率的手段以控制地震响应,同时也给出了基于性能需求的惯容层间隔震的参数优化设计方法。并以一个标准钢结构模型验证了方法的有效性。结果表明:惯容元件的使用显著降低了上部子结构的地震响应和隔震层的变形,惯容系统实现了预期的耗能增效作用。     

基于电磁阻尼的振动能量回收装置研究

针对水平方向振动体的能量回收问题,设计一种基于电磁阻尼的振动能量回收装置,装置主要包括振动台、电磁阻尼器和稳压电路.有别于传统的重力方向上的电磁振动体能量收集装置,水平方向运动的振动台更有利于模拟高层建筑的实际的振动环境;为了减小滑动摩擦带来的能量损耗,设计了基于滚动轴承的电磁阻尼器;针对传统能量回收装置中单个线圈收集...     

Top-down and bottom-up modelling to support low-carbon scenarios: climate policy implications

Bottom-up and top-down models are used to support climate policies, to identify the options required to meet GHG abatement targets and to evaluate their economic impact. Some studies have shown that the GHG mitigation options provided by economic top-down and technological bottom-up models tend to vary. One reason for this is that these models tend to use different baseline scenarios. The bottom-up TIMES_PT and the top-down computable general equilibrium GEM-E3_PT models are examined using a common baseline scenario to calibrate them, and the extend of their different mitigation options and its relevant to domestic policy making are assessed. Three low-carbon scenarios for Portugal until 2050 are generated, each with different GHG reduction targets. Both models suggest close mitigation options and locate the largest mitigation potential to energy supply. However, the models suggest different mitigation options for the end-use sectors: GEM-E3_PT focuses more on energy efficiency, while TIMES_PT relies on decrease carbon intensity due to a shift to electricity. Although a common baseline scenario cannot be ignored, the models’ inherent characteristics are the main factor for the different outcomes, thereby highlighting different mitigation options.

Policy relevance

The relevance of modelling tools used to support the design of domestic climate policies is assessed by evaluating the mitigation options suggested by a bottom-up and a top-down model. The different outcomes of each model are significant for climate policy design since each suggest different mitigation options like end-use energy efficiency and the promotion of low-carbon technologies. Policy makers should carefully select the modelling tool used to support their policies. The specific modelling structures of each model make them more appropriate to address certain policy questions than others. Using both modelling approaches for policy support can therefore bring added value and result in more robust climate policy design. Although the results are specific for Portugal, the insights provided by the analysis of both models can be extended to, and used in the climate policy decisions of, other countries.     

In situ measurements of contributions to the global electrical circuit by a thunderstorm in southeastern Brazil

The global electrical circuit, which maintains a potential of about 280 kV between the earth and the ionosphere, is thought to be driven mainly by thunderstorms and lightning. However, very few in situ measurements of electrical current above thunderstorms have been successfully obtained. In this paper, we present dc to very low frequency electric fields and atmospheric conductivity measured in the stratosphere (30–35 km altitude) above an active thunderstorm in southeastern Brazil. From these measurements, we estimate the mean quasi-static conduction current during the storm period to be 2.5 ± 1.25 A. Additionally, we examine the transient conduction currents following a large positive cloud-to-ground (+ CG) lightning flash and typical − CG flashes. We find that the majority of the total current is attributed to the quasi-static thundercloud charge, rather than lightning, which supports the classical Wilson model for the global electrical circuit.