江西德兴铜矿田成矿热液演化过程及其对铼差异性富集的制约

铜厂和富家坞矿床是德兴矿田中两个典型的斑岩铜矿床,二者成矿时代、成矿背景和致矿斑岩均较一致,但前者中辉钼矿的Re含量明显高于后者。为探究成矿流体演化过程对辉钼矿中Re含量差异的影响,本文对铜厂和富家坞不同成矿阶段的石英开展LA- ICP- MS微区原位分析以及流体包裹体测温研究。结果显示,二者流体均具有由高温向低温,中低盐度高盐度共存向低盐度演化的趋势,且温度下降、流体沸腾以及pH值的变化可能是导致Cu、Mo沉淀的主要原因;但就同一成矿阶段而言,铜厂比富家坞成矿温度更低,并且在主成矿阶段,铜厂具有更高的流体盐度;因此,推测温度和盐度可能是导致二者中辉钼矿Re含量差异的主导因素。     

多期构造变形事件对吉林南部大横路Cu- Co矿床富集成矿的制约

钴矿是重要的战略性金属矿产资源之一,对其成矿作用(如构造与成矿的关系)进行深入的研究能为前期指导找矿提供理论依据。本文对中国东部吉林白山市三道沟镇三岔河村大横路Cu-Co矿开展了相关工作,包括野外构造解析、钻孔-岩芯资料分析、钻孔薄片综合矿物分析系统(TIMA)实验和区域相关岩石年代学等。构造解析显示大横路Cu-Co矿围岩变形包括层片交切、S₁面理和褶劈理等构造要素。钻孔-岩芯资料分析矿区发育大量F₂紧闭褶皱、逆冲断层及断层相关褶皱、倒转褶皱F₂等。钻孔、探槽薄片样品TIMA实验显示含Co流体大量富集于低角度逆冲断裂、倒转褶皱韧性剪切域和断层相关褶皱转折端处。这些工作显示走向为NE的低角度逆冲断裂及断层相关褶皱对大横路Cu-Co矿的富集起到关键的控制作用。相关年代学工作,结合前人研究及大量区域地质资料表明:(1)矿区内逆冲断层及褶皱等控矿构造要素为古元古代构造事件的产物;(2)中生代构造事件对成矿作用的制约(Cu-Co矿的再富集)可能来自于白垩纪大规模的伸展作用。     

Stable Isotopes and Halogen Geochemistry of the Huayuan Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn Ore District, South China: Implications for the Salt Source of Ore-forming Fluids

The Huayuan Pb-Zn ore district in China, located in western Hunan Province, is a giant carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn ore district. The source of ore-forming brines in this ore district remains poorly constrained. Whether the highly saline brines are derived from evaporated seawater or dissolved evaporates continues to be intensely debated. Carbonate minerals associated with Pb-Zn mineralization have δ13CV-PDB and δ18OV-SMOW values ranging from ?5.55‰ to +1.35‰ (mean value of ?0.69‰; n = 14) and +16.28‰ to +25.05‰ (mean value of +20.22‰; n = 14), respectively. This indicates that carbonate minerals are dominantly formed from dissolved ore-hosted carbonate rocks. The δ34S values of sulfides range from +20.2‰ to +36.8‰, with an average value of +30.0‰ (n = 27). These results suggest that sulfur is predominantly derived from the thermochemical sulfate reduction of marine sulfate. The crush-leach analyzed solute data of fluid inclusions in sphalerite show the ore-forming fluids have Cl/Br molar ratios range from 118 to 384, and Na/Br molar ratios from 39 to 160 (n = 8). These Cl/Br ratios of hydrothermal fluid are much lower than those of seawater (657 to 564), but are consistent with bittern brines through early halite precipitation. We propose that ore-forming fluids are mainly derived from evaporitic basin brines, which leached base metals from the basement and/or country rocks. The brine then migrated to the basin margins through clastic rocks of basement and then precipitated sul?des by thermochemical sulfate reduction.     

云南省马厂箐Cu-Mo-Au多金属矿集区成矿系统

马厂箐地区是滇西成矿带内一个典型的与喜马拉雅期富碱侵入岩有关的斑岩型铜-钼-金多金属矿集区,发育有斑岩型钼铜、接触交代型铜钼(金)和热液脉型金银铅锌等多种类型矿化。其矿化和蚀变类型及成矿元素组合,在空间上具有明显的以岩体为中心的分带性;岩浆活动与铜钼金成矿作用具有同时性。这3种矿化类型的形成受控于马厂箐斑岩岩浆系统,该岩浆系统提供了成矿的物质、流体和动力。文章在分析成矿证据的基础上,通过对成矿系统结构的剖析,认为正是马厂箐岩体所提供的热动力条件促使从岩浆体中分异出来的成矿流体由岩体向外运移,随着岩体内构造裂隙、接触带构造以及围岩中破碎带等成矿物理化学条件的改变,在不同的边界条件下发生了不同性质的成矿作用,形成了不同的蚀变和矿化类型及成矿元素组合,总体显示出,随着热液成矿作用的进行,矿化由斑岩体向接触带和围岩推进,成矿由高温向低温的演化趋势。马厂箐铜-钼-金多金属矿集区成矿系统的建立,将对滇西成矿带内其他矿集区的成矿理论研究和找矿勘查实践具有借鉴和指导意义。     

贵州开阳磷矿矿区地质灾害分析

针对矿山深部开采和工程地质灾害的重点危险因素和隐患,指出采用高新技术手段对矿山深部开采和工程地质灾害事故隐患实施监控预警,提高矿山的本质安全程度和保障能力,是矿山控制和消除安全隐患并减轻灾害损失,提高企业市场竞争力的关键。     

地球深部包体与成矿关系——一个有意义的研究方向

结合在实际工作中的体会,提出和讨论了“地球深部包体与成矿关系”这一有意义的研究方向及其先导性科学问题。地球深部包体中镍、金、钼、钨等成矿元素的含量是不均一的,镍和金在地幔岩包体中含量最高,钼在玄武岩及镁铁质麻粒岩包体中最高,而钨在长英质麻粒岩和花岗岩类包体中含量最高。这些反映岩石圈和软流圈以及岩石圈的不同层次中镍、金、钼、钨等成矿元素的含量不均一,分别提供了地壳中镍、金、钼、钨矿床的初始物质来源。这一认识可能给镍、金、钼、钨等金属矿床和矿床集中区的战略预测提供一些新思路。     

阿尔泰大东沟铅锌矿的碳质流体及其成因

大东沟铅锌矿是阿尔泰南缘泥盆纪克朗火山-沉积盆地的块状硫化物矿床之一,在石炭—二叠纪同造山的区域变质过程中,受到热液叠加改造作用,层状铅锌矿体发育脉状石英和矿化。本文对阿勒泰大东沟铅锌矿区石英脉中的包裹体进行了详细的岩相学和显微测温研究,估算出包裹体形成时的物理化学条件,并采用激光拉曼、同步辐射X射线荧光(SRXRF)对流体包裹体进行了成分测试。结果显示,石英脉中的包裹体主要为碳质流体包裹体,多以面状、带状分布,最低捕获温度在209～459℃之间,密度为0.75～1.15g/cm3,最低捕获压力在110～540MPa之间。初步研究表明碳质流体的来源与同造山的变质作用有关,而与海底喷流沉积无关。激光拉曼测试结果表明包裹体气液主要成分为CO2和N2。SRXRF测试碳质包裹体中金属微量元素显示低Cu、Zn、Pb,而富集Au。     

可控源音频大地电磁法深部找矿实验效果

为了考查电磁法在探测深部金属矿及地质构造方面的实际效果,用可控源音频大地电磁法分别在埋深为500 m和1 100 m的两个已知隐伏铁、铜矿体上进行了实验工作。实验结果表明地电异常显示了矿体、断层以及岩层接触带的分布。在矿体埋藏深度小于500 m、矿层较厚时,地电异常十分明显;若矿体埋藏深度大于1 000 m,地电异常主要反应了控矿、容矿构造。     

内蒙古李清地银铅锌矿区成矿地质及地球化学特征

内蒙古李清地银铅锌矿区位于华北地台北缘大青山金银多金属成矿带东段,基底主要出露太古宇集宁岩群中深变质岩系,中生代叠加强烈的火山—岩浆作用,为多期叠加复合成矿作用地区。矿体主要分布在燕山期花岗岩与集宁岩群大理岩的外接触带上,岩浆沿断裂侵位,热液沿裂隙向围岩扩散并与围岩发生交代作用,导致铅锌银等沿断裂破碎带富集成有工业意义的矿体。在李清地一带圈出的甲类化探异常是以银为主的多金属矿致异常,异常元素有Ag、Pb、W、As、Au、Bi、Hg、Sb、Zn等,元素组合复杂,具明显的浓度分带和浓集中心。这种多元素异常显示出在该区寻找金银多金属矿产资源的潜力和充分的地球化学依据。     

Metallogenic mechanisms of super-large Cu and Au deposits in the Dexing region and simulating experiments

Based on the results of previous studies and under the direction of the theory of “ore deposit genesis”, the authors made use of high temperature and high pressure experimental facilities and conditions at the Tectono-geochemistry Research Room under the State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and put the focus on the multi-source of tectonically controlling ore-forming materials, the characteristics of multi-stage and multi-episode hydrothermal activities and mineralization and the characteristics of multi-genesis and multi-ore deposition so as to shed light on the metallogenic mechanisms of super-large Cu and Au deposits. In addition simulating experiments were made on multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic activities and rock and ore deformation, multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic activities and mobilization and migration of ore-forming materials, and multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic activities and superimposition and enrichment of ore-forming materials. The experimental results showed that under the action of multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic stress the deformation and fragmentation of not only rocks and ores have been intensified, and but also the ore-forming materials originally disbursed in the rocks and ores have been mobilized and migrated and superimposed and enriched. The experimental results also provided the scientific experimental data and grounds for deep-going research on the rules of metallogenesis and geneses of super-large ore deposits in the Dexing region, Jiangxi Province.