尖晶石—斜方辉石间Al—Cr交换平衡的实验研究

在温度为1030～1400℃，压力为0．4～2．0GPa条件下，在自然体系中进行了包含橄榄石-叙方辉石-尖晶石-（熔体）－（斜长石）矿物组合的平衡实验。探讨了斜方辉石-尖晶石间的Al-Cr交换平衡。通过对这平衡的研究，得到Al-Cr在尖晶石中的混合参数WAl-CrSp49541±5000J／mol；它较简单体系中所得WAl-CrSp要大许多，可能是由于自然体系中有Ti4+和Fe3+等混入尖晶石结构中，或是文献中对WAl-CrOpx-0和WMg-AlOpx=0的假设错误所致。实验结果还发现在一定温度下，斜方辉石中Cr的含量随平衡共存尖晶石中Cr的增大而成抛物线状增大。第一次实验验证了Nagata（1983）在自然岩石中的观察。     

Mg-Cr~(2+)橄揽石、辉石和尖晶石的晶胞参数测定及Cr~(2+)在各晶体结构中的占位

本文用Mg－Cr2+做榄石、辉石、尖晶石的粉晶X射线衍射数据，采取“整体图谱最小二乘Rietveld”方法计算了上述矿物的晶胞参数和摩尔体积，并对Cr2+在各晶体结构中的占位情况进行了研究。结果显示，各矿物的晶胞参数随含Cr2+量的增大而增大。据Vegard定律，推算出各端元组分铬橄榄石（Cr2SiO1）、铬辉石（Cr2SiO2O6）及立方铬尖晶石（Cr3O4）的摩尔体积分别为47．7，68．0，44．9cm3。精化结构参数指示，在橄榄石中，Cr2+随机分配在两个八面体（M1，M2）位置；在辉石中，Cr2+优先选择八面体M2位置；在尖晶石中，Cr2+占置四面体位置。这种晶体内离子分配可从离子半径差别或晶体场稳定能大小得到解释。     

尖晶石族矿物的热辐射性质研究

本文主要研究晶石族矿物在５０－６５０℃，２－４０μｍ波长范围内的红外光谱发射率和总发射率。文中共研究了三十余种尖晶石族矿物的发射率。测试结果表明，尖晶石族矿物的发射率的大小受其成分、晶体结构、温度和波长的制约。过渡族中的着色离子将大大增加矿物在红外短波段的发射率。     

雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩再研究:从地质调查到矿物记录

蛇绿岩带出现于全球大多数碰撞构造带上,通常是板块缝合带的标志,西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿岩带对于此种概念模型是毫无争议的。根据近年来现代洋壳和蛇绿岩研究成果以及分析技术,在20世纪80年代中法合作项目研究成果基础上,笔者再次对西起日喀则拉孜、东至泽当金鲁,长约500km的雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿岩进行了研究。在野外调查基础上,对雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩中500多个尖晶石样品的地球化学特征进行了分析研究,以探讨蛇绿岩的成因及其动力学背景,提出雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带属于超俯冲作用(suprasubduction)的产物,与近年来其他研究成果的认识一致。     

Implication of corona formation in a metatroctolite to the granulite facies overprint of HP–UHP rocks in the Moldanubian Zone (Bohemian Massif)

Corona and inclusion textures of a metatroctolite at the contact between felsic granulite and migmatites of the Gföhl Unit from the Moldanubian Zone provide evidence of the magmatic and metamorphic evolution of the rocks. Numerous diopside inclusions (1–10 μm, maximum 20 μm in size) in plagioclase of anorthite composition represent primary magmatic textures. Triple junctions between the plagioclase grains in the matrix are occupied by amphibole, probably pseudomorphs after clinopyroxene. The coronae consist of a core of orthopyroxene, with two or three zones (layers); the innermost is characterized by calcic amphibole with minor spinel and relicts of clinopyroxene, the next zone consists of symplectite of amphibole with spinel, sapphirine and accessory corundum, and the outermost is formed by garnet and amphibole with relicts of spinel. The orthopyroxene forms a monomineralic aggregate that may contain a cluster of serpentine in the core, suggesting its formation after olivine. Based on mineral textures and thermobarometric calculations, the troctolite crystallized in the middle to lower crust and the coronae were formed during three different metamorphic stages. The first stage relates to a subsolidus reaction between olivine and anorthite to form orthopyroxene. The second stage involving amphibole formation suggests the presence of a fluid that resulted in the replacement of igneous orthopyroxene and governed the reaction orthopyroxene + anorthite = amphibole + spinel. The last stage of corona formation with amphibole + spinel + sapphirine indicates granulite facies conditions. Garnet enclosing spinel, and its occurrence along the rim of the coronae in contact with anorthite, suggests that its formation occurred either during cooling or both cooling and compression but still at granulite facies conditions. The zircon U–Pb data indicate Variscan ages for both the troctolite crystallization (c. 360 Ma) and corona formation during granulite facies metamorphism (c. 340 Ma) in the Gföhl Unit. The intrusion of troctolite and other Variscan mafic and ultramafic rocks is interpreted as a potential heat source for amphibolite–granulite facies metamorphism that led to partial re‐equilibration of earlier high‐ to ultrahigh‐P metamorphic rocks in the Moldanubian Zone. These petrological and geochronological data constrain the formation of HP–UHP rocks and arc‐related plutonic complex to westward subduction of the Moldanubian plate during the Variscan orogeny. After exhumation to lower and/or middle crust, the HP–UHP rocks underwent heating due to intrusion of mafic and ultramafic magma that was generated by slab breakoff and mantle upwelling.     

西南天山东德沟镁铁-超镁铁岩中尖晶石的矿物学特征及其地质意义

中国西南天山东德沟镁铁-超镁铁岩出露于天山伊犁-中天山板块和塔里木板块之间的碰撞造山带中,岩石类型主要为(方辉)橄榄岩,且普遍经历了含水流体(熔体)的渗透交代作用,含有形态和成分变化复杂的尖晶石,表现为从红褐色到黄褐色、再到深绿色和浅绿色,尖晶石的Cr2O3和FeO的含量依次降低,Al2O3和MgO的含量逐渐增高。研究认为红褐色和黄褐色的铬尖晶是原生矿物,而绿色的镁铝尖晶石为次生矿物。原生铬尖晶石的Cr#为0.41~0.87,Mg#为0.21~0.61,且成分变化大,显示其可能具多期熔融的复杂成因;次生绿色的尖晶石形态不一、成分相对有较大变化,表明其至少形成于两个期次的变质作用或流体交代过程。原生铬尖晶石具有SSZ环境橄榄岩的特征,指示其寄主岩石可能是俯冲上板片地幔楔岛弧环境的橄榄岩残片。     

Empirical geothermometers and geothermobarometers for spinel peridotite phase assemblages

Experimental synthesis of spinel peridotite phase assemblages for a range of compositions that mimic natural samples is used to derive a set of empirical geothermometers and geothermobarometers represented by multiple linear regression best-fit surfaces that link the variables of temperature, pressure, and composition. The calibrated geothermometers use reactions that govern the solubility of Al and Cr in both pyroxenes and the Mg–Fe exchange between silicates and spinel. Geothermobarometers map the Mg–Fe exchange between coexisting olivine and clinopyroxene and pyroxenes and Ca–Mg exchange between coexisting pyroxenes. Application of the geothermometers and geothermobarometers to suites of naturally occurring samples indicates that while reactions governing the Cr and Al solubility and solvus of orthopyroxene give useful estimates of ‘original’ mantle temperatures and pressures, respectively, comparable reactions for clinopyroxene yield estimates that are variably dependent on the transport phase of the sample suites. Temperature and pressure estimates from reactions governing Mg and Fe exchange between silicates and spinel and coexisting silicates are all sensitive to the later transport stage of the samples.     

大兴安岭诺敏河石榴石橄榄岩捕虏体的发现及其地质意义

在重力梯度带北端的大兴安岭诺敏河第四纪火山岩中发现石榴石相和尖晶石相地幔橄榄岩捕虏体,其矿物组成分别为Ol_40~55Opx_20~35Cpx_0~10Grt_5~25和Ol_45~65Opx_30~40 Cpx_0~15Sp_0~10。两种地幔相橄榄岩均以方辉橄榄岩为主,说明研究区上地幔具有难熔的特点。其高Mg^#橄榄石Fo_91~92和高Cr^#_31~47尖晶石特征与南区哈河的地幔橄榄岩特征一致。在橄榄石含量与Fo图解上,敏河橄榄岩包体落在太古代和元古代地幔区域,揭示大兴安岭地区岩石圈地幔可能保留了较多古老的残余地幔。根据石榴石橄榄岩的平衡温压条件(1114~1168℃和2.14~2.33GPa),推测来源深度为70~75km。这些数据暗示研究区具有较高的地温梯度,与中国东部新生代火山岩区的地温梯度相似。     

High‐temperature,low‐pressure metamorphism and development of prograde symplectites,Marble Hall Fragment,Bushveld Complex (South Africa)

Metapelitic rocks from the Marble Hall Fragment, enclosed in the granites of the magmatic Bushveld Complex, record a two‐stage, low‐pressure, high‐temperature metamorphism. An early paragenesis containing chiastolitic andalusite, cordierite, biotite and quartz ± garnet crystallized in most rocks and equilibrated at 550–600 °C, 0.2 GPa. It was transformed during the second, peak event into various parageneses that commonly coexist within a single thin section. These include garnet–cordierite–biotite–K‐feldspar–quartz, sillimanite–cordierite–K‐feldspar–quartz and spectacular quartz‐undersaturated cordierite–spinel symplectites replacing the chiastolite porphyroblasts. Based on a detailed phase diagram analysis, we argue that these parageneses result from rapid heating at an approximately constant pressure to temperatures of more than about 720 °C. At these temperatures, the internally buffered activity of water was reduced by incipient water‐saturated partial melting, while only minor quantities of melt were produced. Subsequent dry conditions inhibited large‐scale equilibration and, together with local inhomogeneities in mineral distribution, led to the development of contrasting parageneses and symplectite textures. No signs of widespread fluid‐absent melting of biotite were found, and so the temperature probably did not exceed 760 °C. The peak metamorphic event is attributed to the emplacement of the hot Nebo granite, whereas the early metamorphism was probably caused by the intrusion of one of the phases of the Rustenburg Layered Suite. We infer the conditions of development of the cordierite–spinel intergrowths and we show that, although symplectites are commonly associated with retrograde processes (cooling and/or decompression), they can record a prograde metamorphic evolution. Furthermore, our contribution emphasizes the importance of the concept of reduced equilibration volume for the understanding and interpretation of some particular textures and parageneses in common rocks.     

Characteristics of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath Baegryeong Island, Korea: Spinel peridotite xenoliths

Abstract   Geochemical data on Baegryeong Island spinel peridotites found in Miocene alkali basalt provide the information for lithosphere composition, chemical processes, equilibrium pressure and temperature conditions. Spinel peridotite xenoliths, showing transitional textures between protogranular and porpyroclastic textures, were accidentally trapped by the ascending alkali basalt magma. The xenoliths originate at depths from 50 to 70 km with a temperature range from 800 to 1100°C. The variations of modal and mineral compositions of the spinel peridotite xenoliths indicate that the xenoliths have undergone 1–10% fractional melting. The spinel peridotites from Baegryeong Island have undergone cryptic mantle metasomatism subsequent to melt extraction. Metasomatic agent of enriched spinel peridotite xenoliths was carbonatite melt.