云南建水水草冲铜矿矿床地质特征及成矿物质来源

本文通过研究云南建水水草冲铜矿地质特征、围岩玄武岩和矿石矿物的微量元素、S、C、O同位素的组成,示踪了该矿床的成矿物质来源和性质。研究结果表明,云南建水水草冲铜矿位于滇东南哀牢山变质体北侧,容矿围岩为峨眉山玄武岩,矿体受北东向逆断层及其次级断裂控制,延深大于延长,形状不规则,矿体内多夹灰岩角砾及矿化玄武岩角砾,矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿,矿化蚀变以硅化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化为主。水草冲铜矿黄铜矿与黄铁矿稀土元素具有相同的稀土元素组成与含量,ΣREE平均为1.901×l0-6,富集轻稀土元素,轻重稀土元素比(LREE/HREE)平均为8.188,（La/Yb）N值平均为10.259;δEu值平均为0.977;Ce呈现弱负异常,δCe值平均为0.808。黄铁矿中的Co/Ni比值为0.835,显示水草冲铜矿床为中温热液矿床;黄铁矿的Y/Ho比值平均为38.23,表明水草冲铜矿床的成矿流体为混合来源。结合黄铁矿的稀土微量元素特征,推断水草冲铜矿床的成矿流体是Cl多于F的流体。S的来源复杂,黄铁矿δ34SCDT（‰）的变化范围（18.3~29.4）与海水硫酸盐(海相蒸发岩)的δ34S值接近或略低;黄铜矿δ34SCDT（‰）变化范围是-0.5~10.1,表明有深部硫的参与。δ13C V-PDB（0.9‰~2.6‰）,δ18O V-SMOW（14.3‰~15.9‰）反映了方解石流体可能为热液循环萃取沉积岩地层混合形成。综上,推测成矿物质为后期构造热液萃取围岩（玄武岩和灰岩等）所得,其中铜主要来自于玄武岩本身,而硫的来源以地层硫为主。     

新石器时代晚期凉山地区粟黍农业初探——来自河东田、河头地遗址先民骨骼生物磷灰石的稳定同位素证据

中国西南地区是新石器时代粟黍向外传播、发展的重要交流通道,然而该区域粟黍南传的具体过程和路线尚不明确。鉴于此,本研究对四川凉山地区河东田遗址（26°10'7.78″N,102°6'51.83″E）和河头地遗址（26°10'25.20″N,102°6'54.84″E）先民骨骼生物磷灰石进行了碳、氧稳定同位素分析,以探讨凉山地区先民的生存策略以及粟黍在该地区的传播。河东田遗址和河头地遗址共获取了6例人骨生物磷灰石的有效数据,其δ¹³C均值分别为-5.5‰±1.8‰（n=4）,-5.5‰（n=2,-6.9‰和-4.0‰）,结果显示该区域人群的饮食呈现为兼具C₃和C₄类食物的混合食物结构,且粟黍等C₄类食物在本地区先民的食物结构中具有重要的贡献;河东田遗址和河头地遗址先民的δ¹⁸O均值分别为-12.3‰±0.4‰（n=4）,-12.0‰（n=2,-12.0‰和-11.9‰）,显示两处遗址先民摄入的水分来源相对一致,当时的先民可能是在本地生活,围绕城河定居。在此基础上,结合中国西南地区同时期稳定同位素数据和其他考古研究发现新石器时代晚期凉山地区的粟作农业应当是当地自然环境和考古学文化互动双重影响的结果,粟黍可能传播至凉山地区后继续南传至云南乃至东南亚地区。

     

区域视角下的二里头文化生业经济形态——基于河南省漯河地区碳、氮稳定同位素新证

二里头文化主要分布于中原地区,距今约3750~3500年,大体相当于古史所载夏文化。二里头文化研究主要集中于环嵩山一带的核心区,对于外围区域的关注相对较少。为了完善二里头文化生业经济研究,本研究对河南省漯河市召陵沟李遗址（33°36'42.9″N,114°9'45.5″E）和源汇皇寓遗址（33°31'28.7″N,113°54'24.4″E）的51例人和动物骨胶原样本开展碳、氮稳定同位素分析,同时结合动、植物考古研究成果,归纳当地二里头文化生业经济形态的主要内涵,进而从外围区域的视角比较分析中原地区二里头文化生业经济的联系、区别和变化。研究表明,漯河地区二里头文化时期人的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N均值为-8.4‰±2.0‰和9.2‰±0.4‰（n=4）,猪的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N均值为-7.5‰±1.3‰和7.3‰±0.7‰（n=14）,狗的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N均值为-8.9‰±1.7‰和7.7‰±1.0‰（n=4）,黄牛的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N均值为-9.8‰±1.9‰和6.0‰±1.4‰（n=8）,绵羊的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N均值为-11.2‰和5.6‰（n=2）,山羊的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值为-15.0‰和6.0‰（n=1）,大中型鹿的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N均值为-16.9‰±3.3‰和5.5‰±1.9‰（n=7）,小型鹿的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N均值为-21.5‰±0.1‰和4.3‰±1.2‰（n=4）。综合同位素与动、植物考古分析结果,当时漯河地区自然植被基本为C₃植物,先民主食亦即农业以C₄作物粟为主、黍为辅,家畜中猪和狗主要喂以人类残食,黄牛、绵羊和山羊则喂以不同比重的C₄植物,很可能来自粟黍的秸秆类副产品,并且黄牛基本为圈养,绵羊和新出现的山羊则采取圈养加放养的混合管理方式,另有部分大中型鹿可能也被人工喂养。比较而言,漯河地区和中原地区的生业经济形态整体相近;以粟为主的旱作农业普遍占绝对主导,目前仅在偃师二里头遗址中发现稻粟并重的农业结构,充分凸显出都邑聚落的特殊性;家畜除了猪、狗、黄牛、绵羊以及部分喂养的大中型鹿之外新增山羊,并且牛和羊的圈养程度与管理规范性相比之前均有明显提升,在外围的漯河地区尤为显著。二里头文化的生业经济形态整体呈现出规范化的趋势,并且很可能由环嵩山一带的中原核心区向外围区推广,或许作为二里头文化着力打破旧格局和树立新秩序的重要整饬举措之一。

     

南海北部ODP 1144站中更新世气候转型期有孔虫稳定同位素古气候意义

中更新世气候转型期是第四纪古气候研究的一个特殊时期。利用大洋钻探ODP 184航次在南海北部钻取的1144站时间分辨率高达约290年的沉积物样品，开展中更新世气候转型期古气候变化的研究。在中更新世距今80~100万年前，浮游和底栖有孔虫壳体的稳定氧碳同位素变化揭示出，中更新世气候转型中心，即中更新世革命0.9 Ma左右，南海北部表层海水温度的降低和降水量的增加指示东亚冬、夏季风增强。以中更新世革命为界，水体垂向结构上温跃层和营养跃层的深度从之前的间冰期较浅转变为之后的间冰期较深，底层水与表层水的垂直温度梯度从冰期时较大转变为冰期时较小。轨道尺度上，冰消期时南海北部的表层水、次表层水和底层水的变化几乎是同时发生的，不存在超前或滞后的相位差。千年尺度上，有孔虫的氧碳同位素变化都呈现出非常明显的约0.8 ka和约1.4 ka的气候波动周期。氧同位素0.8 ka滤波显示出：在中更新世气候转型期，较强的信号主要出现在间冰期，有时也出现在冰期，与晚第四纪千年尺度气候波动主要出现在冰期不同，说明中更新世的气候转型不仅表现在轨道尺度的气候周期变化上，同时也体现在千年尺度气候波动的特征变化中。      

Isotope Method for Confined Groundwater Recharge of the Lower Reaches of the Heihe River, Inner Mongolia, China

Environmental isotopes have been applied to analyze confined groundwater recharge in the lower reaches of the Heihe River,Inner Mongolia.CFC is regarded as a tracer that determines the date of groundwater,the date being less than 45 a.The confined groundwater within the Gurinai area and Ejin Basin other than the surface water of Heihe River might have originated from precipitation from Qilian Mountain or/and the Tibetan Plateau.The deep confined groundwater overflows into an upper aquifer and emerges into the ground,forming springs and lakes within the low-lying area.The recharge volume is estimated to be around 400 million-cubic meters.     

渭北东部奥陶系岩溶地下水环境同位素特征分析

本文通过对渭北东部岩溶地下水环境同位素组成特征的研究,分析了大气降水、地表水、地下水三者之间的转化关系,并对研究区岩溶地下水的形成进行了初步探讨,认为大气降水是研究区岩溶地下水的补给源,地表水与地下水之间存在水力联系,地表水对地下水的补给占补给水源的74.3%.西部岩溶裸露区为岩溶水的直接补给区,其周边浅埋区为岩溶水的间接补给区,东南部的岩溶中-深埋区为岩溶水的径流排泄区.     

西藏冈底斯-念靑唐古拉成矿带典型矿床硫化物Pb同位素特征——对成矿元素组合分带性的指示

冈底斯-念青唐古拉成矿带矿床成矿元素组合由南向北存在着Cu-Au、Cu-Mo向Pb-Zn-Cu-Fe、Pb-Zn过渡的变化规律,但引起该变化规律的原因目前少研究。本文通过对成矿带典型矿床Pb同位素特征较为系统的总结,并结合成矿年代学和区域构造演化研究成果,从成矿物质来源的角度对该分带性进行了初步探讨。研究表明成矿带由南到北成矿物质来源存在着差异:最南端Cu-Au矿床Pb同位素组成具幔源特征(207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb平均值分别为15.490和38.016),反映成矿物质来自于俯冲过程中的交代地幔楔;最北端的Pb-Zn矿床Pb同位素组成与念青唐古拉群基底片麻岩相近(207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别变化于15.641～15.738和38.976～39.362),反映成矿物质来自于基底片麻岩。Pb-Zn-Cu-Fe矿床Pb同位素组成介于幔源Pb和上地壳Pb之间,且具混合线特征,反映了同碰撞期成矿物质同时从俯冲板片和念青唐古拉基底片麻岩活化的混源模式;而Cu-Mo矿床不具混合线特征的造山带Pb同位素组成,反映了成矿物质来源于俯冲阶段楔形地幔部分熔融并底侵到地壳底部与地壳发生物质交换后所形成的新生下地壳源区。甲马Cu多金属矿床Pb同位素组成具幔源和造山带两个端元,推测除新生下地壳源区提供成矿物质外,叶巴组火山岩也提供了部分成矿物质。由南向北成矿物质来源的差异很大程度上与板片俯冲的"距离效应"有关,正是由于成矿物质来源的差异导致成矿带成矿元素分带性的形成。     

Geochemical Stratigraphy and Microvertebrate Assemblage Sequences across the Silurian/Devonian Transition in South China

Carbon isotope (δ13Corg) analyses of non-marine clastic rocks and neritic carbonates and black shales spanning the Silurian/Devonian transition are compared from two richly fossiliferous sequences in Qujing of East Yunnan and Zoige of Sichuan, South China. The two sections, Xishancun and Putonggou sections in South China, reveal positive δ13Corg shifts happening in the Upper Pridoli and Lower Devonian and reaching peak values as heavy as ?25.2‰ (Xishancun) and ?19.9‰ (Putonggou) in the lowermost Lochkovian following the first occurrence of the thelodont Parathelodus and the conodont Icriodus woschmidti woschmidti (only in Putonggou Section and together with Protathyris-Lanceomyonia brachiopod fauna). These results replicate a globally known positive shift in δ13Corg from the uppermost Silurian to the lowermost Devonian. The δ13Corg variations across the Silurian/Devonian Boundary (SDB) at the two sections in South China exhibit a shift in carbon isotopic composition similar to the detailed SDB curves from the borehole Klonk-1 drilled at top of the Klonk Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) in the Prague Basin, Czech Republic. In addition, four microvertebrate assemblages, including the Liaojiaoshan, Xishancun, Yanglugou and Xiaputonggou assemblages, are recognized from the Silurian/Devonian transition exposed in the Xishancun and Putonggou sections, respectively. The results from both carbon isotope stratigraphy and microvertebrate assemblage sequences suggest that the SDB in South China is located at the base of the Xishancun Formation (between sample QX-20 and sample QX-21) in the Xishancun Section and the lower part of the Xiaputonggou Formation (between sample ZP-09 and sample ZP-10) in the Putonggou Section. The isotopic trend for organic carbon together with the changes of microvertebrate remains across the SDB can offer an approach to a potential correlation of the SDB from different sedimentary facies, which help to correlate the marine with non-marine deposits.     

八卦庙超大型金矿地球化学特征及物源

文章论述了八卦庙矿床围岩和含金石英脉的稀土元素及硫、硅、氢、氧、碳的同位素地球化学特征,结合合金矿床与深大断裂的时空分布特点,以及与秦只铅锌矿床和双王喷流沉积金床的对比研究,论证了八卦庙金矿的主要成矿物质来源于地壳深部,甚至上地幔。     

Comparative Study of Hydrogen and Carbon Isotopic Composition of Gases Generated from the Pyrolysis of a Peat under Saltwater and Freshwater Conditions

To understand the influence of the diagenetic water medium on the isotopic compositions of thermogenic coalbed gas, both hydrous and anhydrous closed-system pyrolyses were performed at temperatures of 250°C to 650°C on an herbaceous marsh peat. Compared to the results of anhydrous pyrolysis, the hydrocarbon gases generated from hydrous pyrolyses have very different hydrogen isotopic compositions. However, the carbon isotopic compositions of the hydrocarbon gases became only slightly heavier in hydrous pyrolysis, compared to that from anhydrous pyrolysis. With the progress of thermal evolution from peat to a more advanced thermal maturity of vitrinite reflectance values (Ro) of 5.5% during the pyrolysis, the difference in the average δD value increased from 52‰ to 64‰ between the hydrous pyrolysis with saltwater and anhydrous pyrolysis and increased from 18‰ to 29‰ between the hydrous pyrolysis with freshwater and anhydrous pyrolysis, respectively. The difference in the average δ13C value was only 1‰–2‰ between the hydrous and anhydrous pyrolysis. The relationships between the δD values of the generated hydrocarbon gases and Ro values as well as among δD values of the hydrocarbon gas species are established. The close relationships among these parameters suggest that the water medium had a significant effect on the hydrogen isotopic composition and a minimal effect on the carbon isotopic composition of the hydrocarbon gases. The results of these pyrolyses may provide information for the understanding of the genesis of coalbed gas from herbaceous marsh material with the participation of different diagenetic water media.