超声提取-离子色谱法测定铁矿石中水溶性氟氯溴及硝酸根

铁矿石样品经超声提取、离心机分离沉淀后,分别通过IC-RP柱、IC-Na柱及0.22μm微孔过滤膜过滤,25.00 mmol/L NaOH溶液作为淋洗液,利用AS-19型阴离子分离柱和ASRS 300-4 mm连续自动再生化学抑制器分离样品中氟、氯、溴和硝酸根多种水溶性阴离子和采集数据。经过IC-RP柱可吸附样品溶液中有机质,通过IC-Na柱可将溶液中重金属离子置换成Na+,使之与淋洗液的阳离子成分一致。对水溶性阴离子的提取效率进行实验,确定提取时间为30 min。在标准溶液及待测样品溶液中加入一定量相应的淋洗液,使溶液和淋洗液的电导值相匹配来消除水负峰的影响。F-、Cl-、Br-、NO3-的方法检出限分别为2.1、3.5、2.5、2.0μg/g,工作曲线的相关系数>0.999。用铁矿石标准样品GBW 07218a验证方法的准确度与精密度,测定值与标准值基本吻合,精密度(RSD,n=10)小于5%,加标回收率为96%～104%。用于实际样品的分析,测定值与离子选择电极法结果接近。方法线性范围宽,操作简单,快速高效,适用于实验室日常检测工作。     

土壤中氯的比色测定

本法采用碳酸钠-氧化锌混合试剂半熔后硫氰酸汞比色测定了土壤中微量的氯。实验并确定了各试剂的最佳加入量,方法相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)为2%~9%。经国家标准物质验证,测定值与认定值基本符合。     

Retention of chloride in soil and cycling of organic matter‐bound chlorine

Chloride (Cl_inorg) is generally considered to be a hydrologically and chemically inert substance. Past research suggests that Cl_inorg participates in a complex biogeochemical cycle involving the formation of organically bound chlorine (Cl_org). The present study examines whether Cl_org cycling is sufficiently extensive as to influence the geochemical cycling of Cl_inorg. Undisturbed soil cores were collected in a coniferous forest soil in SE Sweden. The cores were stored in climate chambers for three months, irrigated with artificial rain, and the leachate was collected and analysed. The water balance of the lysimeters could be well described, and we found that 20–50% of the chlorine leached from the lysimeters was organically bound and that the amounts lost did not decrease with time. This strongly suggests that a substantial amount of Cl_org forms in topsoil, and that subsequent leaching to deeper layers causes a considerable withdrawal of Cl_inorg. The concentration of both organic carbon and Cl_org in the leachate was considerably higher than concentrations observed in the runoff in the actual catchment, suggesting that organic matter precipitates or is mineralized on its way through the soil. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于连续流同位素质谱的地下水无机物氯稳定同位素测试方法及影响因素研究

氯稳定同位素作为示踪剂,能指示水体演化和探索地质环境变化,在地球科学领域具有广泛的应用前景.连续流同位素质谱法(CF-IRMS)具有样品用量少和灵敏度高的优点,被广泛应用于氯等稳定同位素的测试.氯甲烷作为一种易挥发的气体,在反应过程及测试管路中容易逸出,造成样品损失.如何减少反应及测试过程中氯甲烷的流失,实现氯甲烷的分...     

海洋混凝土结构表面自由氯离子含量时变规律及对其寿命影响

表面氯离子含量(C_s)是研究海洋环境条件下混凝土结构耐久性和服役寿命的氯离子扩散方程的边界条件,是海洋混凝土结构耐久性分析和定量设计的重要参数。依据国内外大量自然暴露试验与工程实测数据,通过采用Excel、Origin等数据分析软件进行数据统计和回归分析,确定了海洋混凝土结构表面自由氯离子含量(C_(sf))与表面总氯离子含量(C_(st))之间的相互关系,探讨了海洋混凝土结构的C_(sf)时变规律,建立了C_(sf)与暴露时间之间的关系表达式及其取值范围,并运用可靠度理论和修正氯离子扩散理论分析了C_(sf)时变性对海洋混凝土结构寿命的影响。结果表明:C_(sf)与C_(st)线性相关,且C_(sf)随着暴露时间的延长呈指数或者幂函数的增长关系;采用不同的C_(sf)时变性规律,对海洋混凝土结构寿命具有重大的影响。     

温度与侵蚀对沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命的影响

为了提高盐渍土地区沥青路面的疲劳性能, 对SBS改性沥青混凝土进行了清水与饱和氯盐溶液的冻融劈裂疲劳试验, 研究了温度与氯盐侵蚀共同作用下, 沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命衰减规律. 结果表明: 温度与氯盐侵蚀是影响沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命的重要因素. 当冻融次数相同时, 沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命随冻融温度降低而不断减小; 当冻融温度相同时, 其冻融疲劳寿命随冻融次数增加而不断减小. 饱和氯盐溶液中沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命明显低于清水条件, 说明氯盐能够加速沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命衰减, 冻融温度越低, 盐冻破坏越严重. 通过对试验数据回归分析可知, 沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命与冻融循环次数之间具有较好的相关性, 可以利用两者之间的指数函数关系来预测沥青混凝土冻融疲劳寿命.     

早更新世东山古湖氯离子含量变化与季风演化

高分辨率东山古湖沉积物中氯离子含量变化表明，早更新世早期亚洲季风稳定建立，其变化较小。早期较干；中期出现大湿润期，氯离子含量最低；晚期（１．７－１．６６Ｍａ）再变干。     

Sulfur and chlorine degassing from primitive arc magmas: temporal changes during the 1982–1983 eruptions of Galunggung (West Java, Indonesia)

The 1982–1983 eruptions of Galunggung represent a nine-month period of intermittent volcanic activity with significant changes in explosivity and emission of volatiles. Eruptions started with Vulcanian explosions but changed gradually to Strombolian activity. Compositions of juvenile material changed from basaltic andesite to high-Mg basalt, which are among the most primitive rock types known in the Indonesian arc system. Although bulk compositions suggest a single evolution trend, we infer from the compositions of melt inclusions in olivine phenocrysts that the magmas represent derivatives of a complex spectrum of primary melts. Primitive inclusions in olivine phenocrysts from magma erupted during the Strombolian phase contain up to 2000 ppm sulfur, but concentrations decrease rapidly with increasing SiO₂ down to matrix glass values (50–100 ppm). ‘Vulcanian’ inclusions appear to be degassed before eruption (200 ppm S). Chlorine concentrations increase from 750 to 2200 ppm in Strombolian, and from 800 to 1500 in Vulcanian magmas, whereas matrix glass contains about 1000 ppm in both cases. Ash leachates show two cycles of decreasing S/Cl ratios: from 9.7 to 5.6 at the start of the activity, and from 12.2 to 2.0 after four months. As the second cycle follows upon increased seismic activity at shallow depth, it probably reflects degassing of fresh sulfur-rich magma arriving in the shallow Galunggung reservoir. In contrast to the degassed state of Vulcanian magma, the significant amounts of adsorbed sulfur on the ashes point to an excess source of sulfur, which was most likely derived from intruding Strombolian magma. Hence, the observed sulfur flux of 2 Mt is not in accordance with a petrologic estimate of 0.09 Mt. Using a published value of 550 Mt of erupted material about 0.34 km³ fresh undegassed magma is needed to account for the observed sulfur flux. This is close to the erupted volume of Vulcanian magma (0.26 km³), which presumably was replaced completely by Strombolian magma during the eruption. Using the petrologic method, we calculate a total release of 0.3 Mt chlorine, which agrees well with an output of 0.47 Mt estimated independently from S/Cl ratios of the ash leachates and TOMS sulfur yields. Ash leachates show that about 35% of the sulfur and 30% of the chlorine was scavenged from the eruption plumes. Our results suggest that sulfur and chlorine were largely decoupled during degassing, which resulted in considerable variations in S/Cl ratios during the Galunggung eruptions. We infer that sulfur degassing reflects the arrival of fresh magma at shallow depth, whereas chlorine is largely derived from simultaneously erupted material. As a consequence, the petrologic estimates are more consistent with observed emissions for chlorine than for sulfur.     

氯对40Ar-39Ar定年的制约及数据处理

核反应³⁵Cl(n,γ)³⁶Cl和³⁷Cl(n,γ)³⁸Cl的最终产物³⁶Ar和³⁸Ar,对⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年影响不可忽视,尤其是在测定某些含K量低的沉积成因矿物时更为重要。本文介绍含Cl样品的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年技术及全部数据处理步骤,以及ppm级K、Ca、Cl含量的测定及计算方法。