Radiative Transfer in Inhomogeneous Atmospheres. III

The approach proposed in the previous parts of this series of papers is used to solve the radiative transfer problem in scattering and absorbing multicomponent atmospheres. Linear recurrence relations are obtained for both the reflectance and transmittance of these kinds of atmospheres, as well as for the emerging intensities when the atmosphere contains energy sources. Spectral line formation in a one-dimensional inhomogeneous atmosphere is examined as an illustration of the possibility of generalizing our approach to the matrix case. It is shown that, in this case as well, the question reduces to solving an initial value problem for linear differential equations. Some numerical calculations are presented.     

CT-1地震计传递函数测试仪的设计

将计算机控制技术应用到甚宽频带地震计的传递函数测试中。讨论了基本的测试方法和原理，阐述了传递函数测试系统的软、硬件设计，给出了测试系统的应用实例。该测试系统具有正弦波自动扫频、阶跃信号法和脉冲信号法等标定方法，满足了甚宽频带地震计的传递函数测试在观测频带、动态范围和测试精度等方面的要求。     

语用迁移与跨文化交际能力的培养

随着我国改革开放的进展 ,跨国度、跨文化之间的交往越来越频繁。由于文化因素上的差异 ,交际行为在不同的文化中往往产生不同的意义 ,语用迁移难免会造成理解失误或交际失败。因而外语教学在培养学生整体语言技能的同时 ,应注意文化因素的渗透 ,提高学生的跨文化交际能力     

Predicting size effect on diffusion-limited current density of oxygen reduction by copper wire

The size effect of copper wire radius (0.04–0.82 mm) on the diffusion-limited current density of an oxygen reduction reaction in stagnant simulated seawater (naturally aerated 0.5 mol/L NaCl) is investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and compared with the results obtained in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4. In the oxygen diffusion-limited range, size effect is found to occur independent of electrolytes, which is attributed to non-linear diffusion. Additionally, to sati...     

基于IC卡综合换乘信息的公交乘客上车站点推算

现有研究在缺少公交车运营信息的情况下,利用公交线间正交换乘信息的方法来识别公交车持卡乘客的上车站点,但在实际运用中很多班次无正交换乘的乘客,容易导致公交乘客上车站点匹配困难。因此,本文提出了一种基于IC卡综合换乘信息的公交乘客上车站点推算方法,该方法充分利用IC卡数据中的综合换乘信息（公交线间的正交和非正交换乘信息、地铁和公交线间的换乘信息）与公交网数据确定班次行驶方向,对班次内的乘客进行分组,充分利用综合换乘信息确定基准组及其对应的上车站点;然后,通过最小偏差规则匹配待定组的上车站点,实现公交乘客上车站点的推估。利用换乘信息确定班次行驶方向弥补了现有研究无法确定班次行驶方向的不足,使公交乘客上车站点推算方法更科学;最后,基于2011年8月的“深圳通”IC卡数据进行实例分析,对比只利用正交换乘信息确定的基准组数量和利用综合换乘信息确定的基准组数量,结果表明：该方法可使确定上车站点的组数占总组数的比值提高,克服了只利用正交换乘信息推算上车站点方法中存在的单个班次无基准组从而无法进行站点匹配的困难。本文方法比只利用正交换乘信息匹配站点,具有更高的可行性与准确率。     

波纹开缝翅片管换热器传热与流动性的数值模拟

提出一种波纹开缝翅片管换热器,对其传热与流动特性进行三维数值模拟,选择Re范围在1 000到5 000时与平板开缝翅片的模拟相比较。结果表明,在Re小于2 752时,平板开缝比波纹开缝的换热效果好,而Re大于2 752时,波纹开缝比平板开缝换热效果更好,并且波纹开缝翅片管换热器的流动阻力小于平板开缝,因此,Re大于2 752时波纹开缝比平板开缝综合效果更好。     

Effects of high velocities on photoionization lines

We have treated formation of spectral lines in a commoving frame where photoionization is predominant over collisional processes. We have assumed that the radiation field for causing photoionization is a function of Planck function. We have also considered the situation in which the continuum contributes to the radiation in the line. In all the models the quantityB/A (ratio of outer to inner radii) is kept equal to 10 and the total optical depth is taken to be 10³. The velocity is assumed to be varying according to the lawdV/dτ ∼ < 1/τ whereτ is the optical depth (τ > 0) in the given shell. The velocities at the innermost radius (r =A) are set equal to 0 and at the outermost radius (r =B), the maximum velocities are taken to be 0, 1, 3 and 10 Doppler units. The calculated line profiles are those seen by an observer at infinity.P Cygni-type profiles are observed in the case of a medium with no continuum absorption. For a medium with continuum absorption double peaked asymmetric profiles are noticed when the velocities are small; the two emission peaks merge into a single asymmetric peak for larger velocities.     

Partial redistribution effects on line polarization in the presence of velocity fields

Velocity fields in line formation regions strongly affect the line polarization. The conventionally used observer's frame method of solving the polarized transfer equation becomes expensive and inaccurate for partial redistribution problems, when large amplitude velocity fields have to be considered in the observer's frame. An alternative method of solution is the comoving frame method. Partial redistribution problems are solved using comoving frame formalism for line polarization caused by resonance scattering.