浅层地震反射和折射层析成像在海州—韩山断裂探测中的联合应用

海州—韩山断裂是连云港地区一条重要断裂,属于海泗断裂带的西边界断裂。断裂隐伏于较浅的覆盖层之下且控制了基岩岩性分界。浅层地震反射法作为断层探测的首选方法,对海州—韩山断裂进行探测时仅能识别出基岩顶面反射波,难以实现对断裂的准确判别。而折射层析成像法适用于速度横向差异大的区域,可获取断层两盘岩性速度差异信息,进而判定断层位置,弥补反射法的不足。本文在跨海州—韩山断裂同一位置上联合应用浅层地震反射和折射层析成像两种探测方法,进行了钻孔联合剖面探测和合成地震记录验证。研究表明,浅层地震反射和折射层析成像两种方法联合探测海州—韩山断裂,较单一方法可对断层实现更精准的定位,获取更丰富的断层信息,为类似地质条件下的断层探测提供了思路。     

多值体素连通区域构建下的机载LIDAR数据三维平面提取

针对现有的面向机载LIDAR数据的三维平面提取算法存在的基于离散激光点设计导致算法设计困难、仅利用几何特征的一致性导致的在平面平滑过渡区域易产生错误提取的问题,本文提出了一种多值体素连通区域构建下的机载LIDAR三维平面提取方法.该算法基于体素结构设计且综合利用了机载LIDAR数据的几何、激光反射强度信息,将传统的平面...     

基于Chirp数据和Biot-Stoll模型反演南海北部陆坡海底表层沉积物物理性质

浅地层剖面是基于声学信号(频率在几百至几千赫兹)在沉积物中的传播得到可反映沉积地层结构的数据,海底反射系数与沉积物物理性质密切相关。Biot-Stoll声波传播理论模型可以预测海底沉积物的物理性质,构建反射系数等声学参数与物理参数之间的关系,但在不同的海域采用不同的参数所获得的效果不同。为此,本文基于南海北部陆坡海底表层沉积物的实测物理参数,利用BiotStoll模型建立研究区海底反射系数和沉积物物理性质之间的关系,结果表明模型计算值与样品实测值吻合度总体较好,偏差在0.1%～4.9%之间,并建立了频率3.5 kHz时海底反射系数与沉积物孔隙度、密度、平均粒径之间的关系方程,且方程拟合度较高,可决系数R2均大于0.99。在对典型Chirp剖面数据计算其海底反射系数的基础上,反演了海底表层沉积物的孔隙度、密度、颗粒平均粒径等物理性质,其中反演孔隙度、密度、平均粒径与实测孔隙度、密度、平均粒径相对误差均小于5%,结果与实测值基本相符,表明该反演方法在南海北部陆坡区的应用是可行的。     

麟游地区含煤地层地震反射波特征研究

麟游含煤区属陕西省黄陇侏罗纪煤田,这里主要针对麟游含煤区的地震勘探工作进行了分析与总结.结合以往和近阶段做过的大量地震勘探工作以及取得的一定成果,综合利用对比的方法对煤层反射波属性进行提取,通过特征分析,总结出含煤地层地震反射波场的规律,对今后在麟游地区进一步开展地震勘探工作具有重要的指导意义,同时对于其它类型成煤区的地震反射波场研究也具有一定的借鉴意义.     

伊通河断裂及其稳定性评价

伊通河断裂的分布规律和危险性评价对长春市的发展和规划具有重要意义。在区域地质调查、区域地球物理数据处理基础上,利用地面电法、探地雷达和浅层地震探测,确定伊通河断裂呈近南北向分布,总体向西倾,倾角较大。根据探地雷达探测结果推断伊通河断裂切断白垩系地层,是一条早第四纪活动断层。分析伊通河断裂是强扭性断裂,处于伊通河断裂冲蚀谷地中。第四纪以来,特别是晚更新世以来,断裂活动趋于稳定,反生中强地震的概率很小。     

平原地区新近系横向厚度变化对深部目的层地震成像影响分析

在我国东部平原地区,新近系的厚度变化较大,对下部煤层反射波的准确成像产生巨大影响。致使地震解释出现煤层深度误差大、假向斜、假背斜及断层位置严重偏离等问题。通过模拟新近系起伏变化对深部目的层反射波的正演,发现目的层反射波随上覆低速层的起伏而起伏,其中断点的绕射波特征也随之出现较大变化,对此进行常规叠后偏移易出现成像失真。对此采取分时校正方法,计算出不同赋存深度条件下的煤层反射波校正量曲线．将获得的校正量运用叠后偏移处理,能较好地消除深部同相轴不正常的凹凸现象,实现对目的层构造及其形态的正确成像。济宁二号井八采区的实例证明,分时校正后的叠后偏移方法可有效消除新生界横向起伏变化对深部目的层准确成像的影响。     

基于倾角中值滤波法的浅层反射地震叠前信噪分离技术

浅层反射地震资料中面波一般比较发育,对有效信号形成干扰,现有压制面波等相千干扰的处理手段主要适用于中深部、深部地震勘探,但并不适用于浅层反射地震资料的处理。为此提出了倾角中值滤波法。该方法是基于叠前地震单炮道集上反射波与强线性干扰在￡吨域视速度上的差异,在多组视倾角范围内,求取一个最佳视倾角,将最佳视倾角的振幅序列的中值视为相干干扰,利用“减去法”,达到信噪分离。通过模型与实际资料的处理,汪明该方法能够有效分离强线性干扰,并保留了强线性干扰的特性,提高了资料的信噪比,保真度高,是浅层高分辨率地震勘探的一种理想的叠前信噪分离技术。     

Tectonic framework of Tiburon Basin,Gulf of California,from seismic reflection evidence

Tiburon Basin is characterized by a thick sedimentary fill that records the evolution of one of the rift segments of the East Pacific Rise. Its structure corresponds to an echelon pull-apart basin bounded by two dextral-oblique faults. Unlike basins in the southern Gulf of California that are underlain by oceanic crust, rift basins in the northern Gulf of California contain sedimentary thickness (up to 6 km) that masks the structure of the crust. To study the architecture of the Tiburon Basin, two-dimensional, multichannel seismic reflection data collected by Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) in the early 1980s were used. The data base is a grid of lines, 5–20 km apart, with 6 s of record in 48 channels. Additional seismic data of the Ulloa 99 project were also interpreted. Our results indicate that the general structural pattern of the Tiburon Basin is controlled by two dextral-oblique faults: De Mar and Tiburon. De Mar lies to the east and ends in elevated basement transferring the stress to the Desemboque fault. The latter borders the incoming basement from the Sonora and Tiburon faults to the west, ending to the north in an antiform. Four structural domains are recognized: (1) the northern Tiburon domain is a high basement that divides the Delfin Basin to the northeast and exhibits extensional folds with their axes parallel to the basement and its flanks; (2) the Libertad domain is a sheared basement high along the margin of Sonora and forms the right step of the Tepoca Basin to the north; (3) the Tiburon central domain defines a broad sag cut by a dense NE-striking pattern of normal faults with opposed dips in the depocentre and abruptly ends to the west against the Tiburon fault; and (4) the southern Tiburon domain forms a basement ramp offshore Isla Tiburon and is controlled by a pattern of NNE-striking normal faults on the south that likely connect at an oblique angle (?60°) to the De Mar fault. We propose a rhombochasm basin model with more than 6 s of sedimentary record in the depocentre, in which the basement is not recorded. The NW-trending faults in the Libertad domain possibly continue towards the Sonora coastal plain. The principal NW-trending dextral faults and the secondary NNE-striking pattern of normal faults cut the shallow strata of this domain.     

Crustal architecture of central Victoria: results from the 2006 deep crustal reflection seismic survey

A ～400 km long deep crustal reflection seismic survey was acquired in central Victoria, Australia, in 2006. It has provided information on crustal architecture across the western Lachlan Orogen and has greatly added to the understanding of the tectonic evolution. The east-dipping Moyston Fault is confirmed as the suture between the Delamerian and western Lachlan Orogens, and is shown to extend down to the Moho. The Avoca Fault, the boundary between the Stawell and Bendigo Zones, is a west-dipping listric reverse fault that intersects the Moyston Fault at a depth of about 22 km, forming a V-shaped geometry. Both the Stawell and Bendigo Zones can be divided broadly into a lower crustal region of interlayered and imbricated metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks and an upper crustal region of tightly folded metasedimentary rocks. The Stawell Zone was probably part of a Cambrian accretionary system along the eastern Gondwanaland margin, and mafic rocks may have been partly consumed by Cambrian subduction. Much of the Early Cambrian oceanic crust beneath the Bendigo Zone was not subducted, and is preserved as a crustal-scale imbricate thrust stack. The seismic data have shown that a thin-skinned structural model appears to be valid for much of the Melbourne Zone, whereas the Stawell and Bendigo Zones have a thick-skinned structural style. Internal faults in the Stawell and Bendigo Zones are mostly west-dipping listric faults, which extend from the surface to near the base of the crust. The Heathcote Fault Zone, the boundary between the Bendigo and Melbourne Zones, extends to at least 20 km, and possibly to the Moho. A striking feature in the seismic data is the markedly different seismic character of the mid to lower crust of the Melbourne Zone. The deep seismic reflection data for the Melbourne Zone have revealed a multilayered crustal structure that supports the Selwyn Block model.     

Seismic reflection evidence for the evolution of the Camden Syncline and Lapstone Structural Complex,central Sydney Basin,Australia

The Camden Syncline and the Lapstone Structual Complex are two major geological features of the central Sydney Basin. We have interpreted over 500 km (45 lines) of an unpublished recenty reprocessed seismic dataset as a means to elucidating the evolution of both features. Major horizons observed in the seismic data have been described and correlated with significant tectonic events that shaped the formation of the greater Sydney–Gunnedah–Bowen Basin; namely Early Permian extension, mid-Permian passive thermal subsidence and Late Permian to mid-Triassic foreland loading. Horizon mapping shows that the Camden Syncline is a broad north-northeast plunging structure whose western limb is truncated by the north–south trending faults and folds of the Lapstone Structural Complex. Furthermore, isochron maps reveal that the Late Permian to mid-Triassic sedimentary succession thickens towards the axis of the Camden Syncline, thus confirming it's role as a depocentre during this period of basin evolution. No abrupt thickening is observed in the Late Permian to mid-Triassic sedimentary succession in the vicinity of the Lapstone Structural Complex indicating that the Lapstone Structural Complex was formed subsequent to the deposition of the Permian–Triassic Sydney Basin sedimentary succession. Furthermore, our interpretation of the reprocessed seismic data confirms that the major structural style of the Lapstone Structural Complex is that of west dipping reverse faults and east facing monoclines.