黔中开阳磷矿沉积区震旦纪陡山沱期定量岩相古地理重建*

磷矿的沉积和成矿与成磷期的古地理环境密切相关。本文首次将“单因素分析多因素综合作图法”运用于开阳地区震旦纪陡山沱期沉积型磷矿床的成矿分析和找矿预测上。通过选取陡山沱组及其各岩性段的地层厚度及磷矿层品位作为单因素,确定开阳地区古地理格局;结合地层岩性组合、沉积特征等多因素综合分析,恢复开阳地区成矿期沉积环境,编制陡山沱早期、中期和晚期岩相古地理图。根据定量岩相古地理重建结果,认为开阳地区陡山沱期整体处于南靠黔中古陆、地势南高北低、局部地形复杂的滨岸海滩沉积环境,其中临滨带为最有利成矿带,局部地形变化也会造成矿层厚度、品位的差异;矿层受到的水流冲蚀、暴露、淋滤及再沉积作用是导致矿石品位显著提升的关键因素。通过定量岩相古地理学精确还原成矿期古地理环境、解析多期次沉积成矿过程,对于确定磷矿控矿因素、构建找矿预测模型和预测矿体空间位置具有重要意义。     

特提斯构造域东段叠合盆地演化和油气成藏规律特征初论

通过分析特提斯构造域东段区域地质和含油气盆地勘探开发基础数据,从板块构造演化入手,系统编制特提斯构造域东段沉积构造演化剖面图和生储盖组合剖面图,研究盆地演化阶段、叠合特征、油气成藏条件及油气藏类型,揭示中亚和中国西部前陆盆地演化和油气富集规律异同。研究表明：古亚洲洋、古特提斯洋和新特提斯洋控制了特提斯构造域东段的区域构造分带、盆地演化、盆地类型及油气成藏模式。根据古洋壳缝合线可分为北、中、南3个构造带,古生代以来多期微板块的拼贴,导致特提斯构造域东段含油气盆地演化分为3个演化阶段,早古生代伸展、晚古生代挤压、早中生代伸展和新生代挤压构造作用控制了研究区盆地的叠合演化,发育下古生界、上古生界和中生界3套区域分布的优质烃源岩和下古生界、上古生界、中生界和新生界4套储盖组合,形成多种类型的油气藏。     

Isotopic Ages of the Carbonatitic Volcanic Rocks in the Kunyang Rift Zone in Central Yunnan, China

The Mesoproterozoic Kunyang rift, which is located on the western margin of the Yangtze platform and the southern section of the Kangdian axis, is a rare massive Precambrian iron-copper polymetallic mineralization zone in China. The Mesoproterozoic Wulu (Wuding-Lufeng) basin in the middle of the rift is an elliptic basin controlled by a ring fracture system. Moreover, volcanic activities in the basin display zonation of an outer ring, a middle ring and an inner ring with carbonatitic volcanic rocks and sub-volcanic dykes discovered in the outer and middle rings. The Sm-Nd isochron ages have been determined for the outer-ring carbonatitic lavas (1685 Ma) and basaltic porphyrite of the radiating dyke swarm (1645 Ma) and the Rb-Sr isochron ages for the out-ring carbonatitic lavas (893 Ma) and the middle-ring dykes (1048 Ma). In combination of the U-Pb concordant ages of zircon (1743 Ma) in trachy-andesite of the corresponding period and stratum (1569 Ma) of the Etouchang Formation, as well as the Rb-Sr iso     

滇中地区铝土矿床地质特征及成矿规律

通过对滇中地区典型铝土矿(老煤山铝土矿)成矿地质特征研究, 认为该区铝土矿为古风化壳沉积型铝土矿, 主要受地层层位、岩性古地理条件、褶皱构造及后期抬升改造影响。研究认为该区具有一定勘探潜力。     

滇中郝家河砂岩型铜矿床成矿作用过程的流体包裹体证据

通过对牟定郝家河砂岩型铜矿床的不同结构构造及矿化类型岩石中矿物包裹体特征的研究及对比,认为不同结构构造及矿化类型岩石的形成与不同成岩-成矿阶段流体的演化特点密切相关。流体包裹体测温数据表明其成矿作用主要经历3个成矿流体演化阶段:成岩期(均一温度:84℃~162℃)、主改造期(均一温度:145℃~227℃)及次改造期(均一温度:129℃~177℃)。3期流体的盐度变化不大,多处于4%~10%之间,而它们的气相成分主要为H2O,其次为CH4和CO2。成岩期流体演化形成了砂岩铜矿的初始矿源层及贫矿体,矿化程度高的地方甚至形成浸染状或纹层状矿石;改造-成矿期的流体则在原来基础上进一步演化形成现今受构造控制的条带状、脉状富矿体。     

鲁中碳酸岩中磷灰石同位素地球化学研究

鲁中地区分布着100多个碳酸岩体，微量元素含量及稀土配分等均与世界典型碳酸岩相近。而碳酸岩的碳氧及斑晶磷灰石的锶、钛同位素组成与典型地幔物质有差异，与富集地幔颇为近似，从而证实在山东地区陆壳下存在富集地幔源区。     

鄂尔多斯盆地古生代中央古隆起形成演化与油气勘探

鄂尔多斯盆地古生代中央古隆起形成演化对该地区构造格局和油气勘探具有重要意义.通过对古生代构造背景、地层体残余厚度、奥陶系顶面构造演化等特征分析,刻画中央古隆起在不同沉积期构造演化特点,大体分为3个演化阶段:初始演化阶段:相对独立的中央古隆起形成于中晚寒武世:发育阶段:中央古隆起在早奥陶世马家沟期反映最为明显,为隆升剥蚀...     

清镇式铁矿矿石特征及加工技术性能探讨 ——以猫场铝土矿红花寨、白浪坝矿段铁矿床为例

贵州中部清镇、修文等地石炭系铝土矿底部的铁矿俗称为"清镇式铁矿",与黔中铝土矿共同赋存于下石炭统九架炉组之中。本文在实际勘探工作及通过勘探阶段在钻孔副样中采集的铁矿进行可选性试验基础上,以同类型的清镇市猫场铝土矿红花寨、白浪坝矿段铝土矿共生的铁矿为研究对象,指出该类型铁矿矿石自然类型为赤铁矿和褐铁矿;工业类型为需选铁矿石;矿石矿物主要为赤铁矿,部分赤铁矿水化为针柱状褐铁矿;脉石矿物则以白云石和方解石为主。矿石中可供利用的主要元素是铁,造渣组分主要是硅、铝,其次为钙、镁等。试验结果表明,该矿采用一粗一精一扫的强磁选试验可获得铁精矿TFe含量55. 58%,回收率80. 11%的良好指标,精矿中各元素含量达到H55-Ⅰ类赤铁精矿质量要求,在当前市场条件下采用推荐工艺处理该矿可获利。结论对黔中铝土矿资源的综合勘查开发具有借鉴意义。     

Geology,ore facies and sulphur isotopes of the Koushk vent-proximal sedimentary-exhalative deposit,Posht-e-Badam Block,Central Iran

The Koushk zinc–lead deposit in the central part of the Zarigan–Chahmir basin, central Iran, is the largest of several sedimentary–exhalative (SEDEX) deposits in this basin, including the Chahmir, Zarigan, and Darreh-Dehu deposits. The host-rock sequence consists of carbonaceous, fine-grained black siltstone with interlayered rhyolitic tuffs. It corresponds to the upper part of the Lower Cambrian volcano-sedimentary sequence that was deposited on the Posht-e-Badam Block due to back-arc rifting of the continental margin of the Central Iranian Microcontinent. This block includes the late Neoproterozoic metamorphic basement of the Iran plate, overlain by rocks dating from the Early Cambrian to the Mesozoic. Based on ore body structure, mineralogy, and ore fabric, we recognize four different ore facies in the Koushk deposit: (1) a stockwork/feeder zone, consisting of a discordant mineralization of sulphides forming a stockwork of sulphide-bearing dolomite (quartz) veins cutting the footwall sedimentary rocks; (2) a massive ore/vent complex, consisting of massive replacement pyrite, galena, and sphalerite with minor arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite; (3) bedded ore, with laminated to disseminated pyrite, sphalerite, and galena; and (4) a distal facies, with minor disseminated and laminated pyrite, banded cherts, and disseminated barite. Carbonatization and sericitization are the main wall-rock alterations; alteration intensity increases towards the feeder zone. The δ³⁴S composition of pyrite, sphalerite, and galena ranges from?+6.5 to?+36.7‰. The highest δ³⁴S values correspond to bedded ore (+23.8 to?+36.7‰) and the lowest to massive ore (+6.5 to?+?17.8‰). The overall range of δ³⁴S is remarkably higher than typical magmatic values, suggesting that sulphides formed from the reduction of seawater sulphate by bacteriogenic sulphate reduction in a closed or semi-closed system in the bedded ore, whereas thermochemical sulphate reduction likely played an important role in the feeder zone. Sulphur isotopes, along with sedimentological, textural, mineralogical, and geochemical evidences, suggest that this deposit should be classified as a vent-proximal SEDEX ore deposit.     

A methodology for locating the original quarries used for constructing historical buildings: application to Málaga Cathedral, Spain

It is often necessary to locate the original quarry which supplied the stone for a particular historical building. This stones could be used for future restoration work and for testing in the laboratory (artificial aging tests, physical properties determination, control of the efficacy of conservation treatments, etc.). Generally, reviewing historical documentation gives information about the geographical setting of quarries and location of the stones in the monument, but this information needs to be proved by field and laboratory studies. The comparative study of stone from quarries and monuments should basically include the following: (1) mineralogical and petrographical studies; (2) the chemical analysis of major, minor and trace elements; (3)stable isotopes determinations; (4) physical properties of quarry materials and unweathered building stone (water absorption, ultrasound transmission velocity, porosity and porous system, density, bulk density, compressive strength, etc.). This methodology was applied to Málaga Cathedral stones represented in the main façade, towers, and the western zone of the terrace, which, according to historical literature, came from Almayate (Miocene–Pliocene limestones) and Cerro Coronado (Permotriassic sandstone) in Málaga. The conclusion of the comparative study carried out on quarries and building stones was consistent with the information available from the historical documentation.