利用交叉点不符值对GOCE卫星重力梯度数据进行精度评定

研究了基于GOCE卫星轨迹交叉点不符值的SGG数据精度评定方法,针对经典评定公式评价精度偏低的不足,提出了修正的精度评定公式;分析了系统误差对上述评定方法的影响,针对尺度因子会同比例放大或缩小精度评定结果,建议利用现有的重力场模型对尺度因子进行预先标定。模拟计算结果表明,无系统误差情况下,经典评定公式评价出的数据精度比实际精度偏低,相对误差约13%,而利用本文提出的修正公式可较准确地估计数据精度,相对误差降至5%。有系统误差情况下,利用现有的重力场模型可较为准确地标定尺度因子,其标定相对误差最大值不超过2%,平均值在0.9%左右。在此基础上,利用修正公式进行数据精度评定,其结果与无系统误差情况下的结果相差无几,相对误差也在5%。     

DMC数码航摄区域网布点方案探讨

相片控制测量是航空摄影测量的基础工作,传统航空摄影控制测量有成熟的作业方法和相应的技术标准和规范,而DMC航空摄影控制测量还没有制定相应的技术标准或规范,特别是在中小比例成图的应用中,更是一个空白。根据DMC航空摄影资料的特点和1：10 000地形图成图的精度要求,通过实例研究,总结区域网布点方案的规律性。     

GPS天线相位转绕误差及其对GPS精密单点定位的精度影响分析

对于GPS精密单点定位,天线相位转绕误差无法通过星间求差法消除或者减弱,因此必须通过适当的模型加以改正。本文详细分析该误差的特性及其改正方法,并采用自编软件通过计算实例分析其对GPS精密单点定位的精度影响。     

几种建立DEM模型插值方法精度的交叉验证

建立DEM模型时需要对离散的高程点进行空间插值,实现这一目的的插值方法有很多种。文章主要选择了6种常用的插值方法,分别在平原、丘陵和高山几种不同复杂程度的环境下对其插值的精度使用交叉验证方法进行评估。结果表明,同样的插值方法对不同复杂程度的地形效果是不一致的,多种插值方法中以克里金插值方法的插值适用性最强,精度最高。     

全站仪坐标导线的施测与平差探讨

提出了全站仪坐标导线外业施测时的检核方法和内业几种严密平差方法。     

Improvement in Background Error Covariances Using Ensemble Forecasts for Assimilation of High-Resolution Satellite Data

Satellite data obtained over synoptic data-sparse regions such as an ocean contribute toward improving the quality of the initial state of limited-area models. Background error covariances are crucial to the proper distribution of satellite-observed information in variational data assimilation. In the NMC (National Meteorological Center) method, background error covariances are underestimated over data-sparse regions such as an ocean because of small differences between different forecast times. Thus, it is necessary to reconstruct and tune the background error covariances so as to maximize the usefulness of the satellite data for the initial state of limited-area models, especially over an ocean where there is a lack of conventional data. In this study, we attempted to estimate background error covariances so as to provide adequate error statistics for data-sparse regions by using ensemble forecasts of optimal perturbations using bred vectors. The background error covariances estimated by the ensemble method reduced the overestimation of error amplitude obtained by the NMC method. By employing an appropriate horizontal length scale to exclude spurious correlations, the ensemble method produced better results than the NMC method in the assimilation of retrieved satellite data. Because the ensemble method distributes observed information over a limited local area, it would be more useful in the analysis of high-resolution satellite data. Accordingly, the performance of forecast models can be improved over the area where the satellite data are assimilated.     

Regional Temperature Forecast for the Next Day in Hong Kong

For a century or so, the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) has been providing temperature forecast for the whole of Hong Kong with the HKO Headquarters as the reference location. In recent decades, due to spreading of population from the main urban center to satellite towns, there is an increasing demand for regional temperature forecasts. To support such provision, the HKO has developed a regression model to provide objective guidance to forecasters in formulating forecasts of maximum and minimum temperatures for the next day at various locations in Hong Kong. In this paper, the regression model is presented, together with the assessment of its performance. Based on the verification of one year of forecasts, it is found that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of maximum (minimum) temperature forecasts are from about 1.3 to 2.1 (1.1 to 1.4) degrees, respectively. The regression model is shown to have generally out-performed the operational regional spectral model then operated by HKO. Regional temperature forecast methods of other meteorological or research centers are also surveyed. Equipped with the regression model, the HKO has launched an online regional temperature forecast service for the next day in Hong Kong since March 2008.     

Seasonal Prediction of Spring Dust Weather Frequency in Beijing

In this paper, seasonal prediction of spring dust weather frequency (DWF) in Beijing during 1982-2008 has been performed. First, correlation analyses are conducted to identify antecedent climate signals during last winter that are statistically significantly related to spring DWF in Beijing. Then, a seasonal prediction model of spring DWF in Beijing is established through multivariate linear regression analysis, in which the systematic error between the result of original prediction model and the observation, averaged over the last 10 years, is corrected. In addition, it is found that climate signals occurring synchronously with spring dust weather, particularly meridional wind at 850 hPa over western Mongolian Plateau, are also linked closely to spring DWF in Beijing. As such, statistical and dynamic prediction approaches should be combined to include these synchronous predictors into the prediction model in the real-time operational prediction, so as to further improve the prediction accuracy of spring DWF in Beijing, even over North China. However, realizing such a prediction idea in practice depends essentially on the ability of climate models in predicting key climate signals associated with spring DWF in Beijing.     

山东数字地震台网定位子台网 选取对定位结果的影响

选取山东及邻区4个不同区域的地震,分析“定位子台网”分布对地震定位精度的影响,研究“定位子台网”的选取规则.探讨两种台站分布情况下定位偏差、水平误差、拟合残差随空隙角、近台距离、远台距离的变化;定位偏差及水平误差与拟合残差的关系.结果显示,速报时选择4-9个分布相对合理的“定位子台网”参加定位,结果较好,使用水平误差估...     

双能CT成像基材料分解法的理论误差分析

双能X射线计算机断层成像技术(DECT)能够准确地重建物质的有效原子序数和电子密度信息,是一种有效的物质辨别技术.基材料分解法是求解DECT重建问题的主要方法之一.但目前应用此方法得到的重建结果误差较大,并且对于金属伪影抑制能力也较差.本文分析了DECT基材料分解法重建结果的误差来源和形成机制,阐释了其对金属伪影抑制作...