海拉尔—塔木察格盆地中部富油凹陷高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层成因及油气勘探意义

海拉尔—塔木察格盆地中部富油凹陷下白垩统铜钵庙组和南屯组广泛发育高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层,并已于其中获得了工业突破,但对其成因机制认识不清。在岩心、薄片、录井和测井等资料综合研究的基础上,结合大量海拉尔—塔木察格盆地及周边地区的火山事件分析,认为中部富油凹陷发育的高含凝灰质碎屑岩的岩石类型主要包括凝灰质砂岩、凝灰质泥岩、凝灰岩和沉凝灰岩。不同时期、不同凹陷高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层发育特点各异,整体来看从铜钵庙组到南屯组储层中的凝灰质含量越来越低,高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层主要发育在铜钵庙组和南一段沉积时期。高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层中的火山物质并非来源于自身断陷期发生的基性火山活动,而是来自于大兴安岭地区大规模的酸性火山喷发事件。海拉尔—塔木察格盆地高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层的成因机制包括两种类型：一种是同沉积期火山灰直接空降入湖型;另一种是同沉积期火山灰先沉降至陆上经河流搬运后再沉积的水携型。高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层中的火山碎屑物质受有机酸作用易于溶蚀,次生孔隙发育,为深部油气成藏提供了有效储层空间,并且火山喷发活动对优质烃源岩的形成具有促进作用,对于油气勘探具有重要意义。     

微生物勘探技术在潮汕坳陷油气勘探中的应用初探

东沙海域潮汕坳陷中生界研究程度相对较低,油气分布规律不明,为了加强对该区油气分布和富集规律的研究,针对潮汕坳陷西部地质目标首次应用微生物地球化学勘探技术(MGCE),探讨其含油气性。MGCE技术以轻烃微渗漏理论为基础,采用地质微生物学方法和地球化学方法检测研究区海底表层的微生物异常和吸附烃异常,预测研究区下伏地层中油气的富集区及其油气性质。检测结果显示研究区西部凹陷的斜坡区微生物异常呈块状发育,轻烃微渗漏强度变化大,可能为潜在油气富集区,酸解吸附烃成果显示可能的油气性质为干气和凝析油气。     

封闭系统中的白云石化作用过程及其油气地质意义——以南羌塘拗陷中侏罗统布曲组白云岩为例

南羌塘拗陷中侏罗统布曲组结晶白云岩作为盆地最优质的储层是通过埋藏成岩过程中封闭条件下的白云石化作用形成的,岩石所具有的高孔隙度与封闭系统中白云石化反应有关。根据对羌资11井和羌资12井布曲组的岩石结构分类、碳氧同位素组成及温度计算、流体包裹体均一温度等分析结果,可以认为：结晶白云岩碳同位素值分布区间较窄（2. 86‰~4. 27‰）,氧同位素值随着白云石晶体变粗（自形程度变差）逐渐偏负（-3. 27‰~-8. 17‰）,显著低于保留原始组构的白云岩,表明结晶白云岩碳源来自于先驱灰岩中的碳,其白云石化作用应是在远离大气水的封闭成岩环境中进行;结晶白云岩流体包裹体均一温度主峰值区间为90~140 ℃,且随着白云石晶粒变粗（自形程度变差）,均一温度呈升高的趋势,与氧同位素计算温度变化趋势一致,表明白云石化作用过程是在封闭的条件下进行,白云石随地热增温而生长,并非受外来流体的影响。开放系统中的白云石化作用对油气储集空间的形成没有实际意义,而埋藏成岩过程中封闭系统的白云石化是形成南羌塘拗陷优质储层最为重要的成岩机制。     

伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组湖泊水下扇沉积特征

本文详细研究了伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组沉积类型,并将该区湖泊水下扇的岩相组成划分为5种类型：经典浊积岩相、块状砂岩相、砾质砂岩相、颗粒支撑砾岩相、基质支撑砾岩相;将湖泊水下扇划分为内扇、中扇、外扇三个亚相,对各亚相进一步划分了若干微相。湖泊水下扇沉积为该区地层的主要沉积特征,在垂向上具有进积型和退积型两种类型。     

库车坳陷北部白垩系沉积速率分析

库车坳陷白垩纪经历了一个相对独立的一级构造旋回,结合坳陷北部库车河白垩系剖面详细的磁性地层学结果,应用地层回剥分析方法恢复了库车坳陷白垩系时期的沉降历史,计算得到亚格列木组、舒善河组、巴西盖组、巴什基奇克组沉积速率,分别为11.5 cm/ka、2.5 cm/ka、2.9 cm/ka、1.7 cm/ka。结合裂变径迹资料和岩相古地理特征,将库车坳陷白垩系沉降历史分为四个演化阶段:（1）Berriasian中期（141.9141.2 M a）:极快速沉降;（2）Berriasian中晚期至A lb ian中晚期（141.2101 M a）,持续缓慢沉降;（3）A lb ian末期至Campan ian早期（10179.1 M a）:构造隆升,沉积剥蚀;（4）Campan ian中晚期—M aastrichtian期（79.165.6 M a）:极慢速沉降,接受沉积。早白垩世早中期沉降曲线呈“上凹”特征,反映了构造活动由早期剧烈沉降到后期减弱,最后趋于稳定的过程。该沉降过程与典型的前陆盆地挠曲沉降过程并不一致。      

九寨沟M7.0地震多个震源机制中心解的确定

2017年8月8日21时19分在四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州九寨沟县发生M7.0地震,对该区域造成一定的人员伤亡和财产损失。该地震发生后,多家地学研究机构和研究人员用不同的资料和方法产出了该地震震源机制解。本研究通过收集他们使用的不同资料和方法得出同一地震的多个震源机制解,找出两个震源机制解空间旋转角差别的表达方法,用Levenberg─Marquadt算法使非线性问题转化成线性问题进行迭代求解,求出了该地震的中心震源机制解。     

Northward cooling of the Kuncha nappe and downward heating of the Lesser Himalayan autochthon distributed to the south of Mt. Annapurna,western central Nepal

We investigated the tectonothermal history of the Lesser Himalayan sediments (LHS), which are tectonically overlain by the Higher Himalayan Crystalline. Fission‐track dating and the track length measurement of detrital zircons obtained from the Kuncha nappe and the Lesser Himalayan autochthonous sediments in western central Nepal revealed northward cooling of the nappe and possible downward heating of the autochthon by the overlying hot nappe. Nine zircon fission‐track (ZFT) ages of the nappe showed northward‐younging linear distribution from 11.6 Ma in the front at Tamghas, 6 Ma in the central at Naudanda, and 1.6 Ma in the northernmost point at Tatopani. Thermochronological invert calculation of the ZFT length elucidated that the Kuncha nappe gradually cooled down (30 °C/Myr) at the front and rapidly cooled down (120 °C/Myr) at the root zone. In contrast, the ZFT age of the Chappani Formation, located just beneath the Kuncha nappe in the central part, demonstrated a totally reset age of 6.8 Ma, whereas the Virkot Formation, structurally far from the nappe, yielded a partially reset age of 457.3 Ma. This suggests that the LHS underwent downward heating, resulting in a thermal print on the upper part of the LHS; however, the thermal effect was not sufficient to anneal ZFT totally in the deeper part. Presently, the nappe cover is eroded and denuded from this area. Detrital zircons from the Chappani Formation in Tansen area to the south of the Bari Gad Fault did not show any evidence of annealing, suggesting that nappe never covered the LHS distributed to the south of the fault.     

VELOCITY CHARACTRISTICS OF SHANXI AND ADJACENT AREA AND ITS TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE

In order to acquire a better velocity structure of the crustal and uppermost mantle beneath Shanxi area, we obtain the group and phase velocities of Rayleigh wave of the periods 8s to 50s in Shanxi and adjacent area using ambient seismic noise recorded at 216 broad-band stations. All available vertical-component time series for 2014 have been cross-correlated to yield estimates of empirical Rayleigh wave Green's function. Group and phase velocity dispersion curves for Rayleigh wave are measured for each interstation path by applying frequency-time analysis. It describes finer velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in Shanxi, which reflects the geological structure characteristics at different depths. The resolution is within 50km and the resolution of part periods can reach 40km.The Rayleigh wave group and phase speed maps at short periods(8~18s and 10~22s)show clear correlations with shallow geological structures. Mountain areas on both sides of Shanxi depression zone show apparent high-velocity anomaly, except for low-velocity anomaly in the Taiyuan Basin, Linfen-Yuncheng Basin and Weihe Basin. Especially, the areas of Youyu County-Pianguan County-Kelan County-Shuozhou City and Jingle County-Lishi District of Lüliang City in Lüliang Mountains, and Yu County-Fuping County-Yi County and Yangcheng County-Licheng County in Taihang Mountains, present higher velocity anomaly. In addition, the velocity is lowest in the Weihe Basin, and the amplitude of low velocity decreases gradually from the south to the north of the basins in Shanxi, which probably is related to the process of gradual stretching and development of the Shanxi rift zone from the southwest to the northeast. The obvious velocity difference across the latitude of 38°N exists at 18~30s period of phase and 24~35s period of group velocity maps, which is probably related to the deep and shallow Moho depth variation in the south and north of Shanxi and the suture zone of ancient blocks including "hard" southern block and "soft" northern block. At the same time, the research result of receiver function reveals that partial melting of the lower crust occurs in the northern Taihang Mountains, while the southern section remains stable(Poisson's ratio is above 0.3 in the northern Taihang Mountains and 0.25~0.26 in the southern section). The phase velocity map at 30~50s period clearly shows NW velocity gradient belt, and the low velocity anomaly in the northeast side may be related to Cenozoic volcanism. Meanwhile, the eastern border of Ordos block is the western faults of central basins in Shanxi depression zone. However, some research results indicate that the above border is Lishi Fault in the surface, inferring that the Ordos block shows a shape of wide in the upper and narrow in the lower part from the surface to deep. The Datong volcanic area at 18~45s period of phase and 24~35s period of group velocity maps shows low velocity of trumpet shape from shallow to deep, related to the upwelling of hot material from lower mantle in the Cenozoic causing a large area of intense magmatic activity. It indicates the more specific upwelling channel of Datong volcanoes simultaneously.     

Structural architecture of Neoproterozoic rifting depression groups in the Tarim Basin and their formation dynamics

The Tarim Basin is the largest, oil-bearing, superimposed basin in the northwest of China. The evolution and tectonic properties of the initial Tarim Basin have been hotly disputed and remain enigmatic. The Neoproterozoic basin is covered by a vast desert and a huge-thickness of sedimentary strata, has experienced multiple tectonic movements, had a low signal to noise ratios(SNRs) of deep seismic reflection data, all of which have posed critical obstacles to research. We analysed four field outcrops, 18 wells distributed throughout the basin, 27 reprocessed seismic reflection profiles with higher SNRs across the basin and many ancillary local 2D and 3D profiles and aeromagnetic data. We found about 20 normal fault-controlled rifting depressions of the Cryogenian and Ediacaran scattered throughout the basin, which developed on the Precambrian metamorphic and crystalline basement. The structural framework is clearly different from that of the overlying Phanerozoic. The rifting depressions consist of mainly half grabens, symmetrical troughs and horst-grabens. From the northeast to southwest of the basin,they are divided into three rifting depression groups with the WNW, ENE, and NW-trends that are mainly controlled by normal faults. The maximum thicknesses of the strata are up to 4100 m. From the Cryogenian to Ediacaran, most of the main inherited faults to active and eventually ceased at the end of the Ediacaran or Early Cambrian, while subsidence centres appeared and migrated eastward along the faults. They revealed that the different parts of the Tarim continental block were in NNE-SSWoriented and NNW-SSE-oriented extensional paleo-stress fields(relative to the present) during the Neoproterozoic, and were accompanied by clockwise shearing. According to the analysis of the activities of syn-sedimentary faults, filling sediments,magmatic events, and coordination with aeromagnetic anomalies, the tectonic properties of the fault depressions are different and are primarily continental rifts or intra-continental fault-controlled basins. The rifting phases mainly occurred from 0.8–0.61 Ga.The formation of the rifting depression was associated with the initial opening of the South Altun-West Kunlun Ocean and the South Tianshan Ocean, which were located at the northern and southern margins of the Tarim Block, respectively, in response to the break-up of the Supercontinent Rodinia and the initial opening of the Proto-Tethys Ocean.     

抗震巷道内空调通风系统的设计与实现

为解决传统巷道内空调通风系统存在的信息采集准确率较低,性能较差、抗震巷道环境难以改善等问题,提出设计一种新的抗震巷道内空调通风系统。先将系统的整体架构划分为采集层、控制层和监管层三部分,以主控制器为核心,对系统各执行组件做出正确地判断,并对各组件进行统一化控制,完成系统的硬件设计;创建中心服务器信息处理过程,设定风机运行指令,主动采集风速等环境信息,获取实际环境状态,将设定值与实际值进行对比,依据对比结果判断风机是否正常运行,实现系统软件功能的开发。实验结果表明,在不同的震级条件下,该系统能够有效改善抗震巷道环境,系统的信息采集准确率高达85%左右,充分验证了该系统的优越性。