气候变化对中国集中供暖气候指标的影响

应用高空间分辨率的网格逐日气象数据,根据国家集中供暖有关设计规范定义了集中供暖气候指标,分析了气候变暖对中国集中供暖气候指标的影响。结果表明：近55 a来中国集中供暖初日均呈后延趋势,初日特征线年代际南北移动较小。供暖终日均呈提前趋势,终日特征线在110°E以东地区南北移动较大,2000年以来终日特征线较20世纪60年代北抬了200~300 km。供暖期长度均呈减少趋势,东北、华北地区近55 a减少了10~15 d,西北地区减少了15~20 d;东北、华北、西北地区供暖强度分别减少了12%、20%、15%。从1991~2015年冬季气温变化来看,东北地区最冷冬季与最暖冬季的温度相差可达6.2℃,对供暖强度的影响可达28.9%,华北和西北地区冬季气温最大变幅分别为3.7℃、3.3℃,对供暖强度的影响分别为26.8%和17.6%。气候变暖对中国集中供热气候指标产生了显著的影响。供热部门应该根据天气变化来安排供暖,同时还要注意气候变暖背景下极端冷事件的发生,保证集中供暖安全运行。     

Record Low Sea-Ice Concentration in the Central Arctic during Summer 2010

The Arctic sea-ice extent has shown a declining trend over the past 30 years. Ice coverage reached historic minima in 2007 and again in 2012. This trend has recently been assessed to be unique over at least the last 1450 years. In the summer of 2010, a very low sea-ice concentration(SIC) appeared at high Arctic latitudes—even lower than that of surrounding pack ice at lower latitudes. This striking low ice concentration—referred to here as a record low ice concentration in the central Arctic(CARLIC)—is unique in our analysis period of 2003–15, and has not been previously reported in the literature. The CARLIC was not the result of ice melt, because sea ice was still quite thick based on in-situ ice thickness measurements.Instead, divergent ice drift appears to have been responsible for the CARLIC. A high correlation between SIC and wind stress curl suggests that the sea ice drift during the summer of 2010 responded strongly to the regional wind forcing. The drift trajectories of ice buoys exhibited a transpolar drift in the Atlantic sector and an eastward drift in the Pacific sector,which appeared to benefit the CARLIC in 2010. Under these conditions, more solar energy can penetrate into the open water,increasing melt through increased heat flux to the ocean. We speculate that this divergence of sea ice could occur more often in the coming decades, and impact on hemispheric SIC and feed back to the climate.     

中国东中西部城市土地储备决策绩效比较研究

运用数据包络分析(DEA)模型,对2013年中国内地34个大中城市土地储备决策绩效进行总体评价和比较分析。研究结果表明:东部地区城市土地储备决策效率最高,西部次之,中部最低;土地储备决策效率受到纯技术效率和规模效率的共同作用,且规模效率作用较大;影响东中西部城市土地储备决策效率投入产出的主要因素各不相同。基于此,从深化土地及相关制度改革和提升政府管理效率两个层面提出土地储备决策绩效优化策略,从而提高土地资源利用效率、优化城市空间结构。     

吉中地区含金火山岩系岩石地球化学特征

吉林中部含金火山岩分早石炭世余富屯期,RbSr年龄301Ma,略偏低;晚三叠世南楼山期RbSr年龄222Ma.余富屯组火山岩系细碧角斑岩组合:细碧岩、细碧玢岩、角斑岩、石英角斑岩;南楼山组岩石组合主要为安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及玄武安山岩、安粗岩。在岩石化学上二者均属亚碱性系列钙碱性火山岩系。其中,余富屯组属钠质类型,南楼山组属钾质类型。二者的稀土总量中低（111×109~256×109）,属轻稀土富集型,分布模式为右倾曲线,略有负铕异常（δEu0.93~0.75）。其Au的含量（平均）分别为28×109和72×109,明显高.锶初始值分别为0.70492和0.70533,较低,反映物质来源较深。研究表明,余富屯期火山岩形成于拉张环境,即吉中晚古生代裂陷槽;而南楼山期火山岩则为自晚三叠世开始的活动大陆边缘产物     

黔中--川南石炭纪铝土矿的地球化学特征

论述了黔中—川南铝土矿成矿带内早石炭世和晚石炭世铝土矿及其下伏地层的主要化学成分、稀散元素、稀土元素的地球化学特征,进而探讨了铝土矿的成矿母岩———下寒武统、下奥陶统和下志留统的泥、页岩及碳酸盐岩的成矿意义。     

Characteristics and uranium mineralization of ore-bearing rock series in Qianjiadian sandstone-type uranium deposits,Songliao Basin

The Qianjiadian sandstone-type uranium deposit in Songliao Basin has become an ultra-large uranium deposit since its exploration and continuous development. The geological and metallogenic characteristics of this area have been studied widely since its discovery,but the detailed petrological features of its ore-bearing construction and favorable metallogenic conditions still require much detailed research. The mineralization of urnium deposit includes various geological processes resulting in the accumulation of uranium element. The source rock with high uranium concentration and much easier for the leaching of uranium is the basis of uranium mineralization. The later oxidation-reduction,mineral alteration are the key for the uranium deposits. In this paper,the petrological characteristic of lithology sandstone-type uranium deposit is studied by using the micro experimental analysis. It is found that the host rocks are primarily composed of medium-fine grained feldspar lithic sandstone,fine grained feldspar lithic sandstone,boulder-clay-bearing sandstone and glutenin. The amount of quartz and feldspar are close to the rock debris. The debris are mainly composed of rhyolite,rhyolitic tuff,and some trochyte,ayenite-aplite,granite,granite porphyry,andesite,silicalite and mudstone etc. the epigenetic alteration includes the carbonatization and kaolinization is general and intense at the local region,followed by the secondary epigenetic alteration includes pyritization,ferrugination and little baratization. Deep oil and gas infiltrate into the oil-bearing strata causing the oil stains,spots and spillage. The symbiosis of pyrite berry globule and micritic pyrite are common. The uranium element exists in the uranium-bearing minerals(e.g.,asphalt and coffinite)as well as the adsorbed state. The multi-genesis and multi-stages of the metallogenic model is established,i.e.,sedimentary preconcentration stage-interlayer infiltration stage-the oil and gas transformation stage-the oil and gas reduction stage.     

济阳坳陷构造演化及其大地构造意义

济阳坳陷由负反转盆地、右旋扭张盆地及主动裂谷三个原型叠加而成,并在中、新生代经历了四个演化阶段,三叠纪为板内造山作用阶段,济阳坳陷曾为五条ＮＷ向的以逆冲断层为主的压性构造带占据,早－中侏罗世造山作用结束;晚侏罗世－早始新世为负反转盆地阶段,三叠纪ＮＷ向逆冲断层发生反向伸展;中始新世－渐新世为右旋扭张盆地阶段,ＮＥ,ＥＮＥ向扭张断裂发育,并进而成盆接受沉积,ＮＷ和断裂反向伸展活动受到抑制而渐趋消亡;中新世－全新世为主动裂谷阶段,“拗陷运动”取代“断陷运动”。济阳坳陷构造演化的阶段特征表明了郯庐断裂中、新生代的剪切运动史,即三叠纪右旋剪切,晚侏罗世－早始新世左旋剪切．中始新世－渐新世右旋剪切,中新世－全新世作弱右旋压剪。     

赣中变质岩带的Sm—Nd,Rb—Sr同位素年代研究

赣中变质岩带主要由斜长(云母)变粒岩、十字石榴云母片岩、云母石英片岩夹斜长角闪岩组成。斜长角闪岩Sm-Nd全岩等时线年龄为1113±19Ma,相当于该变质岩带的原岩形成年龄。ε_(Nd)(t)值为2.4±0.1,说明岩浆起源于亏损程度较低的地幔源区:726.6±1.1Ma、403.1±6.4Ma的Rb-Sr等时线年龄表明赣中地区在新元古代末期、加里东期经历了一次强烈的构造变质热作用,其地质、地球化学特征及时代可与浙闽地区陈蔡群、建瓯群进行对比。因此赣中变质岩带并非长期公认的华南加里东褶皱带,应是华夏地块的一部分,这一事实对华南大地构造单元的划分及构造演化具有重要意义。     

莆田地区11月份暴雨成因初析

本文讨论１９６１￣１９９６年１１月份福建省莆田地区出现暴雨过程的成因,分析表明暴雨的发生与南海东部沿海热带气旋（或低压）的例槽和北方冷空气共同影响密切相关,并讨论其形势特点、分析其物理量特征,同时进行对比分析。     

羌塘盆地中部地区地壳S波速度结构及构造意义

羌塘盆地是我国最大的海相盆地.本文根据在羌塘盆地内布设的27个宽频带地震观测台站记录的远震波形数据,利用非线性复谱比反演算法得到各台站下方100 km深度范围内S波速度结构.结果表明.羌塘地区Moho深度较为平缓,平均深度为61 km;北羌塘地壳内低速层广泛分布;北羌塘具有两个较大的沉积盆地,龙尾错和白滩湖坳陷,沉积厚度分别有10 km和15 km.尽管北羌塘下地壳受到强烈的新生代火山岩作用改造,但是这种深部岩浆热作用会加速烃源岩中有机质的热演化历程.北羌塘两个盆地具有很好的油气前景.与北羌塘低速层分布相比,南羌塘下低速层更深,可能与班公怒江洋于中生代的俯冲消减及拉萨地体北向俯冲有关.