A review of the climatological characteristics of landfalling Gulf hurricanes for wind, wave, and surge hazard estimation

The climatological characteristics of landfalling Gulf of Mexico hurricanes are presented, focusing on the basic parameters needed for accurately determining the structure and intensity of hurricanes for ocean response models. These include the maximum sustained wind, radius of maximum winds, the Holland-B parameter, the peripheral or far-field pressure, the surface roughness and coefficient of drag, and the central pressure for historical hurricanes in the Gulf.Despite evidence of a slight increase in the annual number of named storms over the past 50 years, presently there is no statistically significant trend in tropical storms, hurricanes, or major hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, the long-term variability of tropical cyclones in the Gulf reflects the observed variability in the Atlantic basin as a whole. Analyses of hurricane winds from multiple sources suggest the presence of a bias toward overestimating the strength of winds in the HURDAT dataset from 7% to 15%. Results presented comparing HURDAT with other sources also show an overestimation of intensity at landfall, with an estimated bias of ~10%.Finally, a review of recent studies has shown that hurricane frequencies and intensities appear to vary on a much more localized scale than previously believed. This exacerbates the sampling problem for accurate characterization of hurricane parameters for design and operational applications.     

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷C洼烃源岩热史及成熟史模拟

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷C洼流沙港组烃源岩热史及成熟史研究,对C洼深水油气勘探具有指导意义。在恢复涠西南凹陷C洼地史和热史的基础上,利用EASY%Ro模型计算了流沙港组烃源岩的成熟度史。研究结果表明,在涠西南凹陷发展的裂陷阶段初始期热流值较高,最大值约为77mW/m2,其后热流值逐渐减小,现今热流值约为54mW/m2;涠西南凹陷C洼流沙港组烃源岩开始生烃(Ro=0.5%)时间为51MaBP,达到生烃高峰(Ro=1%)时间为42MaBP,达到高成熟演化阶段(Ro=1.3%)时间为17MaBP;对比涠1井流沙港组烃源岩演化特征,处于C洼深水勘探区的流沙港组烃源岩成熟度较高,生烃能力较强,拥有广阔的油气勘探前景。     

Introducing a transferable fishing day management regime for Pacific Island countries

On 1 December 2007, eight ‘Small Island Developing States’ in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean implemented a management regime restricting the total number of days fished by tuna purse seine vessels within their waters, commonly referred to as the Vessel Day Scheme (VDS). The VDS is seen as one component of management arrangements to reduce fishing mortality on bigeye and yellowfin tuna, constrain fishing effort, and increase the rate of return from access fees by Distant Water Fishing Nations.     

南黄海中部泥质沉积成因和物源研究综述

当前南黄海沉积学研究的核心问题是泥质沉积的形成过程和动力机制及其物质来源。许多学者对南黄海中部泥区的成因和物源进行了大量研究,但比较局限,缺少系统性。现有研究认为南黄海泥质沉积的形成受黄海冷水团和上升流的影响,但黄海冷水团并不是其形成的必要条件。对泥区物源的研究,主要考虑现代黄河物质、老黄河物质以及长江物质对其的影响,并且仅是定性的研究。对于朝鲜半岛物质对南黄海中部泥区的影响,国内的研究更是寥寥无几。海水对海底基岩的侵蚀沉积以及黄海暖流对海底沉积物的改造和再悬浮作用对南黄海中部泥区沉积的贡献仅是个别学者的观点。     

大洋锰结核(壳)中南极底流活动的矿物学与地球化学记录

总结了大洋锰结核(壳)的形态、构造、矿物组合、元素富集特点,以及区域分布和南极底流活动的关系,采用ICP-MS测试手段对中太平洋海山区17个锰结壳样品和1个基岩样品的稀土元素进行测试,结果表明,富钴结壳的REE含量很高,平均为1716.66×10-6,轻稀土明显富集,LREE/HREE平均为4.82,锰结壳样品中除MID06样品有轻微的Ce负异常外,其余样品均具明显的Ce正异常,基岩MKD01呈明显的Ce负异常。不同区域锰结核(壳)中稀土元素的对比研究表明,南极底流活动区和非活动区Ce/La值有显著差异,但不能通过Ce/La值确定底流的迁移路径。这一成果将有助于全面认识大洋成矿作用与海洋环境变迁的内在联系。     

个旧老卡岩体接触-凹陷带构造控矿特征研究

个旧老卡岩体接触-凹陷带是个旧矿集区最重要的锡铜多金属成矿构造带,带内锡铜矿体的成生与凹陷带构造密切相关,受构造、岩性和岩浆活动联合控制,凹陷带的形态、产状、规模的变化直接影响矿体的形态、产状、规模.凹陷带构造是一个有利成矿的构造部位,并配之有其他控矿因素,最终在燕山晚期含矿岩浆气液作用下形成富厚矿体.     

Water waves generated by instantaneous disturbances at the bed of a sloping beach

The two-dimensional problem of the generation of water waves due to instantaneous disturbances prescribed at the bed of a beach sloping at an arbitrary angle is studied here. It is formulated in terms of an initial-boundary-value problem for the velocity potential describing the motion in the fluid region assuming the linear theory. Using the Laplace transform in time and the Mellin transform in distance, the problem is reduced to solving a difference equation whose method of solution is of considerable importance in the literature. The form of the free surface is obtained in terms of a multiple infinite integral that is evaluated by the method of steepest-descent. For some prescribed forms of the disturbance at the bed of the beach, the free surface is depicted in a number of figures for different beach angles. It is observed that as the beach angle decreases, the maximum wave height increases, which is plausible.     

The Arunta Inlier: a complex ensialic mobile belt in central Australia. Part 1: Stratigraphy,correlations and origin

The Arunta Inlier is a 200 000 km² region of mainly Precambrian metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rock in central Australia. To the N it merges with similar rocks of lower metamorphic grade in the Tennant Creek Inlier, and to the NW it merges with schist and gneiss of The Granites‐Tanami Province. It is characterized by mafic and felsic meta‐igneous rocks, abundant silicic and aluminous metasediments and carbonate, and low‐ to medium‐pressure metamorphism. Hence, the Arunta Inlier is interpreted as a Proterozoic ensialic mobile belt floored by continental crust. The belt evolved over about 1500 Ma, and began with mafic and felsic volcanism and mafic intrusion in a latitudinal rift, followed by shale and limestone deposition, deformation, metamorphism and emergence. Flysch sedimentation and volcanism then continued in geosynclinal troughs flanking the ridge of meta‐igneous rocks, and were followed by platform deposition of thin shallow‐marine sediments, further deformation, and episodes of metamorphism and granite intrusion.     

湖南滑石矿床类型的划分及找矿方向

湖南滑石矿床类型可分为变质型、沉积风化残余型、中低温热液交代型三类。变质型又可分为区域动力变质和接触变质交代两个亚型。据湖南滑石矿床分布特点、成矿地质条件,全省滑石矿可划为四个成矿带、九个远景区,作为今后滑石找矿方向。     

湘西南采金“信”的地质解释

在湘西南民间开采脉金的活动中,人们积累了很多识别金富集的标志,简称“信”。本文收集列举了25种“信”,并相应地作了地质解释,评估了含金情况。从金的地球化学特性,论述了“信”与金富集的内在联系。