中天山卡瓦布拉克杂岩带中-基性岩的成因及其构造意义:元素地球化学和Sr Nd Pb同位素约束

研究中天山地块卡瓦布拉克杂岩带的成因,对重建中天山南缘古生代洋陆构造格局及其演变过程具有重要意义。在查明杂岩带中-基性岩主体岩类矿物学及岩石学特征的基础上,分析了该岩类的主、微量元素和Sr Nd Pb同位素组成。结果显示:其属于偏基性的富钠、低钾岩石系列,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、U、Sr)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr)和重稀土元素(HREE)。全岩Sr Nd同位素组成具有较低的锶初始比值(ISr=0706~0709)和较高的εNd(t)值(684~976),并具有较低的放射性成因铅同位素组成,初始铅同位素比值(206Pb/204Pb)i=18015~18239、(207Pb/204Pb)i=15573~15593、(208Pb/204Pb)i=37871~38207。结合前人研究成果和区域地质资料,认为其母岩浆应该来自被交代的年轻富集岩石圈地幔,代表岛弧岩浆,说明卡瓦布拉克杂岩带中-基性岩可能代表该区晚古生代岩浆弧的一部分。     

二连盆地中部古河谷砂岩型铀矿成矿特征及潜力分析

二连盆地早白垩世末期断拗转换的构造应力场背景,为赛汉组上段古河谷沉积的发育创造了有利的地质条件。赛汉组上段古河谷沉积是在下段辫状河三角洲沉积的基础上演化而成,由于湖泊沉积衰亡,形成了长流程的古河道砂体,为铀成矿提供了理想的赋矿空间。晚白垩世-古新世长时间的沉积间断,有利于氧化带的发育。因此,古河谷砂体和氧化带控制了盆地内的铀成矿。笔者通过以哈达图、赛汉高毕和巴彦乌拉铀矿床的对比分析,建立了二连盆地3种不同古河谷类型的铀成矿模式,并对其进行了潜力分析,指出找矿的方向。     

板溪锑矿床流体包裹体研究

板溪锑矿床是湘中锑矿矿集区内的一个中型石英脉型锑矿床,赋存于板溪群五强溪组浅变质碎屑岩中,受NE向的桃江—城步断裂带控制。流体包裹体研究表明,板溪锑矿流体包裹体类型包括富液相水溶液包裹体(Ⅰ型)、富二氧化碳包裹体(Ⅱ型)、纯液相包裹体(Ⅲ型)三类;流体盐度为w(NaCl,eq)=3.4%~7.7%,均一温度为181~331℃,流体的密度为0.78~0.92g/cm~3,矿区成矿流体具有中低温、低盐度、低密度的特点,成矿流体的pH值为5.72,估计成矿压力为49~91 MPa,成矿的地壳深度为5.6~7.8km;均一温度与盐度呈正相关关系,成矿过程中两种流体发生混合作用而成矿。     

西部大开发的重点区域--关中高新带

以西安为中心的陕西关中地区及其已建成的关中高新技术产业开发带,其在西部大开发中的地位和作用,与东部开发时期深圳在沿海开放时的地位和作用、上海在沿江开放时的地位和作用非常类似,也具有率先发展的区位优势、政治经济优势及科教与高科技产业优势,并对推动西部大开发具有重要的驱动和示范引导作用。因此,按照国家《“十五”西部大开发总体规划》中提出的西部大开发要实施“以线串点、以点带面”重点开发的战略要求,应把关中高新带建成西部大开发的重点开发区域。     

西藏仲巴地体中433Ma伸展热事件：波库二云母花岗岩锆石年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素制约

喜马拉雅造山带中发育多期次淡色花岗岩,其成因与构造转换密切相关。波库二云母花岗岩位于仲巴地体西段,锆石U-Pb年龄为433.4±2.0Ma,εHf(t)=-11.18～-8.75。全岩地球化学显示具有较高的SiO2(72.38%～73.10%)、Al2O3(15.14%～15.38%)、CaO(1.54%～1.77%)、Sr(141×10-6～174×10-6)、Ba(386×10-6～574×10-6)含量和δEu值(平均0.8),以及较低K2O/Na2O(0.87～1.11)和Rb/Sr(0.86～1.09)比值,A/CNK=1.64～1.77,随着Ba含量的增加,Rb/Sr比值保持不变。这些特征表明波库二云母花岗岩为变泥质岩发生水致白云母部分熔融的产物,与原特提斯洋向冈瓦纳大陆北缘俯冲后仲巴地体-特提斯喜马拉雅地体与冈瓦纳大陆亲缘性的陆块发生碰撞后板片断离伸展环境下的岩浆热事件相关,与特提斯喜马拉雅429Ma吉隆白云母脱水部分熔融形成的淡色花岗岩的成因不同表明它们发生部分熔融作用的物理化学条件不同,亦指示仲巴地体与特提斯喜马拉雅地体在早古生代可能具有不同的构造演化环境。     

藏南错那洞花岗质片麻岩锆石年龄、Hf同位素及其对原特提斯洋演化的启示

错那洞穹隆是藏南特提斯喜马拉雅地区新发现的一个片麻岩穹隆构造。穹隆核部发育一套早古生代眼球状片麻岩。本文在野外地质调查的基础上,利用LA-(MC)-ICP-MS对花岗质片麻岩2个样品的锆石开展U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素分析。片麻岩中的锆石发育核-幔-边结构,核部为具溶蚀港湾结构的继承锆石,幔部为具韵律(震荡)环带的岩浆锆石,边部(增生边)为重熔变质成因的黑锆石。岩浆锆石幔部的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为(500.6±2.6)Ma～(501.1±2.5)Ma,代表该片麻岩的早古生代岩浆结晶年龄。边部变质锆石的新生代重熔年龄为(37.7±0.5)Ma,可能代表藏南拆离系的启动时间。早古生代岩浆锆石幔部的ε_(Hf)(t)值为-2.1-+5.3 (平均值为+2.2),Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄(TDM2)为1.1～1.6 Ga(平均值为1.3 Ga),表明其源岩起源于高喜马拉雅元古宙地层的部分熔融。结合区域内早古生代岩浆活动和新生代穹隆构造变质事件,本文认为错那洞花岗质片麻岩的形成受控于早古生代原特提斯洋壳板片向冈瓦纳大陆下俯冲的造山作用,同时记录了新生代印度一欧亚大陆碰撞造山后的变质和深熔事件。     

A Model of Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Facies in Precambrian Dolomite,Central Sichuan Basin,SW China and its Geochemical Characteristics

Hydrothermal mineral assemblages and related hydrothermally enhanced fracturing are common in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Central Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of core samples show that the hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs of Dengying Formation consist of four main types of pores in the reservoir facies. These include: 1) hydrothermal dissolution vug(or pore), 2) intercrystalline pore, 3) residual inter-breccia vug(or pore), and 4) enlarged dissolved-fracture. There are three different fabrics dolomite in hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs, namely, saddle dolomite, fine-medium dolomite and micritic dolomite. Micritic dolomite is the original lithology of host rock. Saddle dolomite with curved or irregular crystal faces was directly crystallized from hydrothermal fluids(average temperature 192°C). Fine-medium dolomites are the products of recrystallization of micritic dolomite, resulting in abnormal geochemical characteristics, such as slight depletion of δ¹⁸O, significant enrichment of Mn-Fe and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, and positive Eu anomaly. A model for the distribution of various hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies is proposed here, which incorporates three fundamental geological controls: 1) extensional tectonics and tectono-hydrothermal events(i.e., the Xingkai Taphrogenesis of Late Sinian-Early Cambrian, and Emei Taphrogenesis of Late Permian), 2) hydrothermal fluid storage in clastic rocks with large thickness(e.g., Nanhua System of Chengjiang Formation and part of Doushantuo Formation), and 3) confining bed for hydrothermal fluids(such as, the shale in Qiongzhusi Formation). The supply of hydrothermal fluid is critical. Large basement-rooted faults and associated grid-like fracture system may function as the channels for upward migration of hydrothermal fluid flow. The intersection of the above-mentioned faults(including the conversion fault), especially transtensional sags above negative flower structures on wrench faults can serve as a key target for future hydrocarbon exploration.     

多场耦合作用下致密储层地应力场变化规律研究 ——以准噶尔盆地某区为例

地应力是储层改造方案设计、提高油气勘探开发效率的重要指标。致密储层所处环境复杂,需要综合考虑温度-应力-渗流多场耦合作用的影响。为此,以准噶尔盆地中部4区块某三维区致密储层为例,基于COMSOL Multiphyics软件,建立了温度-应力-渗流耦合控制方程,研究了多场耦合作用下研究区致密储层地应力场的变化规律。研究结果表明:研究区最大水平主应力范围在113~134 MPa之间,最小水平主应力范围在106~124 MPa之间,均表现为压应力;在油气开采过程中,最大水平主应力先增大后趋于稳定,随着油气开采的深入,应力变化范围逐渐由井口周围向附近断层延展,并且优先沿着断层的开裂方向发展;在断层的破碎过渡区应力值最小,断层核部应力值介于破碎过渡区与连续地层之间;随着油气开采的深入,致密储层会发生竖向变形,储层最大竖向变形出现在井口附近,位移量超过10 cm,随着距离变远,沉降量不断减小。      

滇中易门地区新元古代澄江组凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

扬子西缘广泛出露的新元古代澄江组是一套与晋宁运动密切相关的沉积岩夹火山岩系,其形成时限对华南新元古代区域地层格架、地层划分对比及古大陆再造具有重要意义。出露于滇中易门地区的新元古代澄江组底部发育有厚数米的凝灰岩夹层,本次采集凝灰岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年研究,结果表明,锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为812±5. 5Ma(n=17,MSWD=0.46),可以代表滇中澄江组的底界年龄,从而进一步确定澄江组底界年龄为812Ma左右。此外,凝灰岩中捕获的锆石年龄信息指示扬子西缘可能存在2. 5Ga、1. 8～1. 6Ga、1. 5Ga、1. 3Ga及1.0Ga等数期重要的区域构造-热事件。     

Timing of metamorphism and deformation in the Swat valley,northern Pakistan:Insight into garnet-monazite HREE partitioning

New metamorphic petrology and geochronology from the Loe Sar dome in the Swat region of northern Pakistan place refined constraints on the pressure, temperature and timing of metamorphism and deformation in that part of the Himalayan orogen. Thermodynamic modelling and monazite petrochronology indicate that metamorphism in the area followed a prograde evolution from ～525 ± 25 ℃and 6 士 0.5 kbar to ～610 ± 25 ℃ and 9 士 0.5 kbar, between ca. 39 Ma and 28 Ma. Partitioning of heavy rare earth elements between garnet rims and 30-28 Ma monazite are interpreted to indicate coeval crystallization at peak conditions. Microtextural relationships indicate that garnet rim growth post-dated the development of the main foliation in the area. The regional foliation is folded about large-scale N-S trending fold axes and overprinting E-W trending folds to form km-scale domal culminations. The textural relationships observed indicate that final dome development must be younger than the 30-28 Ma monazite that grew with garnet rims post-regional foliation development, but pre-doming-related deformation. This new timing constraint helps resolve discrepancy between previous interpretations,which have alternately suggested that N-S trending regional folds must be either pre-or post-early Oligocene. Finally, when combined with existing hornblende and white mica cooling ages, these new data indicate that the study area was exhumed rapidly following peak metamorphism.