Tephrochronology and tephrostratigraphy of two Pleistocene continental fossiliferous successions from central Italy

The stratigraphical context of two Middle Pleistocene fossiliferous palaeosols from Central Italy (Abruzzo and Tuscany) have been studied. Small mammals and molluscs occur in both palaeosols, which are covered by tephra layers that were analysed using an interdisciplinary approach. Application of fission‐track dating to apatites separated from the Case Picconetto tephra (Pescara, Abruzzo), yielded an age of 0.48 ± 0.04 Ma, indistinguishable from those previously determined for the Campani Quarry (Lower Valdarno, Tuscany) (0.46 ± 0.05 Ma and 0.48 ± 0.05 Ma). Geochemical and petrographic investigations indicate that these tephra originated from different volcanoes, the Alban Hills Volcanic Complex and the Vico Volcano (Latium) respectively. Small mammal and mollusc assemblages indicate different palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental conditions for the Case Picconetto and Campani Quarry palaeosols. Warm and humid conditions can be inferred for the Campani Quarry site, whereas open and cold conditions can be inferred for Case Picconetto. On the basis of faunal data, fission‐track dates and attribution of tephra to specific volcanic eruptions, we suggest a correlation of these faunas with marine oxygen isotope stage 14 (Case Picconetto) and with marine oxygen isotope stage 11 (Campani Quarry), respectively. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geochemical correlations between effusive and explosive silicic volcanics in the Saraykent region (Yozgat), central Anatolia,Turkey

Two main volcanic events are distinguished between Saraykent and Akçakışla in the Yozgat province of central Anatolia: (1) early Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene effusive activity, that produced a sequence of intermediate to felsic ‘basal lavas’; and (2) marginally later Palaeocene explosive activity that formed a series of covering ignimbrite flows. Due to their close temporal and spatial relation, geochemical comparisons were made between the silicic members of the lavas and ignimbrites, to identify chemical groups and their relative petrogenesis. The basal lavas range from calc‐alkaline basaltic andesites to dominant rhyolites. Based on trace element correlations three main geochemical groups were identified: the Akçakışla rhyolites (present as domes); Akçakışla rhyodacites‐dacites (lava flows); and Ozan‐Saraykent rhyolites (lava flows). Large‐ion lithophile elements have been mobile in all the groups, but mainly in the Akçakışla rhyolites. Rare earth element (REE) patterns show marked similarity between the Ozan and Saraykent basal lavas. The Akçakışla dome rhyolites are more fractionated with lower La_N/Yb_N ratios (c.10), whereas the Akçakışla basal lavas have much higher La_N/Yb_N ratios (c.30). The chemical coherence and petrographic similarities between the Saraykent and Ozan lavas suggest a single suite related via fractionation. Three geochemical groups were also established for the ignimbrites: Saraykent ignimbrite; Bağlıca ignimbrite‐Toklu‐Kızıldağ crystal tuffs; and Keklikpınar ignimbrite. The ignimbrites, like the basal lavas, display a pronounced depletion in Ba on ORG‐normalized plots. Relative to the basal lavas, chondrite‐normalized patterns for the ignimbrites are different in displaying negative Eu anomalies that indicate feldspar fractionation. The lack of geochemical overlap or coherence between any of the lava and ignimbrite groups suggests that they represent distinct eruptive events and are not related in any simple volcanic development and cogenetic sense. Two geochemical features are common to all the volcanic rock groups: (1) the presence of a Nb‐Ta anomaly, which is generally accepted as a crustal signature; and (2) the relatively low Y abundances which appear characteristic for the region as a whole. These fundamental features of the local silicic volcanism largely reflect source composition and effects. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于协调与共享发展的中原城市群建设制度创新

协调发展与共享发展是指导中原城市群建设的新理念.运用协调发展、共享发展的理念分析中原城市群建设所面临的问题,结果表明,由于现有制度的缺陷或缺失,导致城市群内部存在人口迁移受阻、经济非理性竞争、公共资源不可共享、空间一体化梗阻、一体化秩序混沌、忽视协调和共享发展等问题.因此,中原城市群需要对现有的制度进行改革和创新,建立保障人口自由迁移制度、合理的利益分配和合作发展制度、有限的公共服务共享制度、发展规划的协调制度、协调与共享发展的组织制度,体现一体化贡献的政府政绩考核制度.     

琼东南盆地中央峡谷上新统块体搬运沉积体系地震特征及其分布

根据琼东南盆地深水区高分辨率2D/3D地震资料精细解释,和基于三维地震资料的相干分析,在琼东南盆地中央峡谷区发现了多期次的块体搬运沉积体系(MTDs)。研究表明,该区域块体搬运沉积体系包括3个主要的结构单元,即头部拉张区、体部滑移区和趾部挤压区,不同位置地震特征不同。大规模的块体搬运沉积体系构成了琼东南盆地中央峡谷区新近系以来地层中的重要沉积单元,并对深海沉积物的空间展布有重要的控制作用。上新世发育的一期块体搬运沉积体系,分布面积达300 km2,厚度达240 m,平面展布形态似扇形。高沉积物供给速率和不断的构造活动可能是该区域MTDs发育的主要原因。此外,地震活动、海平面变化也间接影响了MTDs的发育。     

中心城区商业业态空间与房地产开发——以广州市越秀区为例

大城市中心区的商业和房地产开发,既随着城市功能外溢而分化,又随着中心城区的二次开发而重构.以越秀区第一次全国经济普查和分别针对消费者和社区居民的两次问卷调查数据为基础,以街道为基本分析对象,通过空间和行为分析等方法,发现中心城区商业业态与房地产开发具有2个层面的含义:一是商业业态空间下商业配套与居住的关系,二是城市化进程下商业与房地产开发的关系.从第一层含义看,人口的空间分异和居民的消费习惯,解释了商业与房地产开发的空间分异、商业中心的业态构成与房地产开发的关系、社区商业发育程度与房地产开发的关系.从第二层含义看,地价的空间差异和政府的规划行为导向,成为影响商业与房地产开发关系的深层原因,巨大的经济效益差异型塑了商业业态和房地产空间.特别是在旧城区,商业与房地产一体开发下的商业设施,已经不再是传统单纯的配套功能.以购物中心、高档商住大厦、高档商业办公楼为代表的商业新形态通过引导房地产开发,直接加速了城市化的进程.     

中国中心城市铁路客运的空间联系及其结构图谱

基于全国286个地级城市交互式的"城市—车次—城市"铁路客运联系数据,运用基于O-D网络的GIS空间分析方法,从普快、快速、特快、动车和高铁等细分车次类型的角度全面解构全国铁路客运联系的空间格局与结构特征。研究认为,全国中心城市铁路空间联系分布格局体呈现向东倾斜的"开"字型结构,即由京沪—沪深线(沿海轴)、京广—京哈线两纵轴与陇海—兰新线、沪昆线两横轴相互交汇形成全国铁路客运的骨架。全国铁路客运联系服从类似城市体系的位序—规模分布特征,属于自然状态下集中型的空间最优分布。中国铁路客运联系总体上依托大的交通轴线以近域核心城市间的联系为主,动车组及高铁联系则集中表现为东部三大经济区间的联系。     

稳定碳同位素在湘中千佛洞上覆土壤-滴水-现代沉积物的迁移特征研究

通过对2021年1月~2022年10月期间,湘中千佛洞洞外大气-上覆土壤气-洞穴空气二氧化碳含量（pCO₂）及其碳同位素（δ¹³C_CO2）、8个洞穴水体（4个滴水、3个地下河水、1个池水）溶解无机碳同位素（δ¹³C_DIC）以及洞穴现代沉积物碳同位素（δ¹³C）的连续监测,初步获得了监测时段内千佛洞岩溶系统中δ¹³C在垂直方向上运移的变化特征,并得到以下3点主要认识：1）千佛洞上覆土壤气、洞穴空气pCO₂及δ¹³C_CO2表现出相似的季节变化特征,夏季pCO₂偏高,δ¹³C_CO2偏轻,冬季则相反。降水量和温度是土壤pCO₂及δ¹³C_CO2变化的主要影响因素;2）千佛洞洞穴水体δ¹³C_DIC值呈现显著的季节变化规律,夏季偏轻,冬季偏重,表明土壤pCO₂及δ¹³C_CO2对其影响较大,说明该洞洞穴水体δ¹³C_DIC可以较好地响应外界环境变化。此外,4个滴水点δ¹³C_DIC值在变幅和绝对值之间存在一定差异,这可能是受到不同滴水点的运移路径和滴水速率等因素的影响;3）千佛洞现代沉积物δ¹³C也表现出明显的季节变化特征,说明该洞现代沉积物δ¹³C可以较好地继承滴水中的δ¹³C_DIC信号。千佛洞的初步观测结果为利用该洞穴或者临近区域洞穴沉积物开展古气候重建提供了借鉴和参照。

     

构建旅游中心城市之研究——以荆门市为例

在探讨旅游中心城市概念、地位及作用的基础上，以荆门市为例，分析了荆门市旅游产业发展中存在的问题、研究了荆门市建设为区域旅游中心城市的条件和优势，包括较为发达的城市经济、丰富的资源、良好的区位、科学的规划、完善的设施等，并借用中心地理论来说明荆门市应该成为区域旅游中心城市，最后列出了具体思路。     

深反射地震揭示喜马拉雅地区地壳上地幔的复杂结构

报告了中、美两国在喜马拉雅山区进行的第一次深反射地震试验的结果．试验剖面南起喜马拉雅山山脊南亚东县的帕里镇,向北穿过喜马拉雅山脊的荡拉,到达康马南的萨马达．剖面长约１００ｋｍ．共中心点（ＣＭＰ）叠加剖面上显示出：１．在地壳中部有一强反射带,向北缓倾斜下去,延长达１００ｋｍ以上．它可能代表了一个活动的逆冲断裂或是一条巨大的拆离带,印度地壳整体或下地壳沿此拆离层俯冲到藏南之下．２．上部地壳的反射很丰富,显示了上地壳存在着大规模的叠瓦状结构．３．下地壳的反射同相轴呈现短而有规律的分布,显示了塑性流变特征．４．在测线南部莫霍反射明显,深度达７２－７５ｋｍ．发现南部有双莫霍层的存在．５．试验中还取得莫霍层下面３２,３８,４８ｓ等双程走时的多条反射,向北倾斜,反射同相轴延续较长,信息丰富,反映了上地幔的成层结构和变形特征．这些结果对印度大陆地壳整体或其下地壳俯冲到藏南特提斯喜马拉雅地壳之下,并导致西藏南端地壳增厚的观点,给予了实质性的支持．     

Arc magmatism in eastern Kumaun Himalaya,India: A study based on geochemistry of granitoid rocks

Petrochemical studies of granitoid rocks from the eastern part of Kumaun region suggest that the leading edge of India represents an active arc during Late Paleoproterozoic times. It has been observed that melt generation for granodiorite rocks from the eastern Almora Nappe and Chhiplakot klippe along with the Askot klippe was caused through a subduction‐related process involving hydrous partial melting of a Paleoproterozoic amphibole‐ and/or garnet‐bearing mafic source with the involvement of sediments from the subduction zone. The medium‐ to high‐K basic rocks, common in subduction‐related magmatic arcs, can also explain the generation of the high‐K granodiorites of the Chhiplakot klippe. The augen gneisses from the eastern Almora nappe and Chhiplakot klippe along with the Askot klippe further show geochemical similarity with the associated granodiorites, suggesting there is a genetic linkage with one another.