塔中地区志留系烃类侵位对成岩作用的影响

塔中地区志留系具有较广的沥青分布,为研究烃类侵位对矿物成岩作用的影响提供了良好的实例。通过岩矿观察,并综合油田水化学、氢氧锶同位素和流体包裹体均一化温度等资料,提出该区志留系烃类侵位后因淡水注入而使烃类被氧化,所产生的有机酸促进了钾长石、石英等矿物的溶解,导致了次生孔隙的发育;并为石英次生加大提供所必需的Si的来源。Si的质量转移可能是因浓度梯度而引起的扩散作用进行的。烃类侵位还使成岩介质还原性增强,使得胶结物富含还原的 2价铁;但未能阻滞石英的次生加大.     

长江流域中央造山系盆-山体系的构造样式分析及其动力学机制探讨

盆地和造山带是在空间展布和形成机制上具有密切联系的构造体系。盆 -山体系的构造样式分析 ,不仅可以重塑造山带及其邻区盆地的盆山耦合过程和景观演化 ,而且是探索造山作用对地貌、气候、资源、能源、环境和灾害等方面控制作用的基础。按照地球动力学环境 ,可以归纳为三种主要类型 ,即伸展、挤压、走滑盆 -山体系 ,结合其所处的大地构造体制和板块运动阶段 ,可以得出盆 -山体系构造样式的综合分类方案。长江流域的地质 -生态环境与自然灾害受到中新生代以来地壳运动和秦岭 -大别等造山作用的严格制约与影响。根据盆地原型和盆缘造山带之间的配置关系和成因联系 ,研究区长江流域中央造山系的典型盆 -山体系构造样式主要有桐柏 -大别造山带与中扬子北缘的江汉洞庭断陷盆地 ,秦巴边缘冲断造山带与上扬子北缘的四川前陆盆地。本文按同造山期、晚造山期和后造山期演化阶段 ,依此分析两个典型盆 -山体系的构造样式演化特征及其动力学机制探讨     

利用数字摄影测量进行钢结构挠度的变形监测

钢结构的异常变形或局部损坏可通过荷载－挠度曲线以及给轴的挠度曲线反映出来，利用数字摄影测量方法进行结构的变形监测是传统测量方式的变革，可实现半自动的实时监测，本文介绍了相应的测量方法并给出了实验结果。     

三江地区中段地球化学省初探

三江中段可划分为(亲)扬子地球化学省与(亲)冈瓦纳地球化学省.前者上地幔岩有方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩,幔型元素(KT)富集,REE呈平坦&弱富集型;大洋火山岩以基性岩\亚碱性\洋脊型为主;铅同位素     

山区煤矿三维地震勘探叠前新抽道集方法

目前，山区地震资料处理，仍采用常规的抽道集后进行水平叠加，但是山区激发点与接收点高差大，且煤层埋深相对较浅，按常的抽道集方法不能实现共反射点叠加，从而影响了解释小陷落柱、小断层的精度。本文提出一种新的抽道集方法，同时解决了因地形高差和目的层起伏引反射点在X、Y方向偏离中心点的归位问题，无是二维还是三维勘均可实现共反射点叠加，从而所得资料可准的反映地下构造，该技术在目的层埋藏浅的开展地震勘探有重要的指导作用和应用价值。     

鄂尔多斯中部气田下古生界天然气的气源研究

鄂尔多斯中部气田下古生界天然气藏的气源是目前尚未解决的重要问题。利用天然气组分的碳、氢同位素、氩同位素、轻烃组成和生物标志物组成等多指标的综合对比 ,系统地研究了中部气田下古生界天然气的气源 ,明确了油型气和煤成气的主要分布区块 ,并估算了各区块气源的混合比。研究认为 ,鄂尔多斯中部气田下古生界天然气既有石炭系—二叠系来源为主的煤成气 ,又有下古生界自身来源为主的油型气。中部气田东部区块的天然气主要为煤成气 (石炭系—二叠系来源约占 70 % ) ,中部气田北部、西部及南部区块的天然气主要为油型气 (下古生界自身来源约占 6 0 %～ 70 % )。     

滇中鱼坝村组的建立及陆相侏罗系底界

滇中及相邻地区上三叠统舍资组含煤层与下侏罗统冯家河组红层之间，连续沉积了一套杂色细碎屑岩过渡层。其分布稳定，该层所含化石及磁性地层特征表明其时代属早侏罗世。因此建立下侏罗统鱼坝村组，并确定该组底界为陆相侏罗系的底界。     

Spatial distribution of aftershocks and background seismicity in central California

We examine the spatial distribution of earthquake hypocenters in four central California areas: the aftershock zones of the (1) 1984 Morgan Hill (2) 1979 Coyote Lake, and (3) 1983 Coalinga earthquakes, as well as (4) the aseismically creeping area around Hollister. The basic tool we use to analyze these data are frequency distributions of interevent distances between earthquakes. These distributions are evaluated on the basis of their deviation from what would be expected if earthquakes occurred randomly in the study areas. We find that both background seismic activity and aftershocks in the study areas exhibit nonrandom spatial distribution. Two major spatial patterns, clustering at small distances and anomalies at larger distances, are observed depending on tectonic setting. While both patterns are seen in the strike-slip environments along the Calaveras fault (Morgan Hill, Coyote Lake, and Hollister), aftershocks of the Coalinga event (a thrust earthquake) seem to be characterized by clustering only. The spatial distribution of earthquakes in areas gradually decreasing in size does not seem to support the hypothesis of a self-similar distribution over the range of scales studied here, regardless of tectonic setting. Spatial distributions are independent of magnitude for the Coalinga aftershocks, but events in strike-slip environments show increasing clustering with increasing magnitude. Finally, earthquake spatial distributions vary in time showing different patterns before, during, and following the end of aftershock sequences.     

甘肃河西走廊实际水资源及其对林木适生程度的影响

根据河西走廊近年来水资源研究中比较一致的结果,计算了各县市绿洲年、日平均气温≥10℃期间的实际水资源。采用张宝堃和H.L.彭曼的气候学方法,对各县市林木生长期的蒸散耗水量进行了估算,与实测和调查资料对照表明,两种估算值大致可分别反映林木基本正常生长和良好生长对水分的需求。提出了“实际干燥度”和“实际湿润度”的概念,并根据后者确定了各县市绿洲不同气候植被区林木的适生程度,以及应当选择的乔、灌木树种。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.