鄱阳湖荷溪退田还湖湿地区域鸟类多样性及其保护对策

调查了鄱阳湖荷溪区域湿地鸟类资源,并对164种鸟类的种类组成、区系特点、珍稀濒危性、鸟类季节性、生态分布进行了分析,针对湿地鸟类保护中存在的问题,提出了保护对策。     

Weichselian Late Pleniglacial surface winds over northwest and central Europe: a model–data comparison

Reconstructions of the Weichselian Late Pleniglacial wind direction in northwest and central Europe are reviewed and compared with palaeoclimate simulations performed with an atmospheric general circulation model. These reconstructions are based on proxy data containing information on former wind directions, such as relic dune forms, sediments and wind‐polished rock surfaces. The objective is to investigate whether: (1) the proxy information is internally consistent; and (2) in agreement with the model simulations. We find a general consensus in the proxy‐based reconstructions, indicating a dominant westerly to northwesterly wind in winter during the Late Pleniglacial. The model results indicate over the study area an atmospheric circulation in winter that is dominated by southwesterly to west‐northwesterly winds, which are stronger than the southwesterly winds in the present‐day climate. The main driving factors behind the anomalous atmospheric circulation in the Late Pleniglacial are the Laurentide Ice Sheet and a colder North Atlantic Ocean with a relatively extensive sea‐ice cover, leading to an eastward relocation of the Icelandic Low and an enhanced pressure gradient over northwest Europe. The minor difference in Late Pleniglacial wind direction between the reconstructions and model can be explained by a combination of uncertainties in the proxy data and the relatively low spatial resolution of the applied climate model. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

THOUGHTS ON CONSTRUCTING THE DEMONSTRATING AREAS OF THE ECOLOGICAL REBUILDING AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN HEXI PEGION

Based on the field investigations,this paper analyzes systematically the achievements and problems of constructing the demonstrating areas of the ecological rebuilding and economic sustainable development in Hexi,Gansu Province,and then the thoughts on constructing the demonstrating areas are brought forward.It is considered that all kinds of ecological demonstrating areas should be merged in order to construct large-scale characterized demonstrating areas which go beyoud the district.In other words,in Hexi Region,Zhangye District should be constructed as the largest ecoagriculture demonstrating area of high technology;Wuwei District should be constructed as the largest ecological demonstrating area of agricultural comprehensive exploitation;JinJia District,which is the shortened form of Jiuquan and Jiayuguan,should be constructed as the largest ecotourism demonstating area;and Jinchang City should be constructed as the largest ecoindustry demonstrated area.At the same time,the constructing pattern should be selected according to the actual circumstances;science and technology should be applied to construct the demonstrating areas and accelerate the industrialization in the big market.Additionally,is is important to smooth the constructing system and implement the flexible and efficacious running mechanism,and it is suggested that the committee should be organized on administer the ecological demonstrating areas in Hexi Region.     

祁连山-河西走廊地区的现今水平形变

根据祁连山-河西走廊地区的两次GPS测量的结果，研究了该地区在整个欧亚板块运动的背景下的内部水平变形。按照刘百篪对该地区的主要构造的最新研究结果，GPS观测资料覆盖区可划分为5个次级块体(祁连山、阿拉善、塔里木、西宁-兰州、共和次级块体)。除其中共和块体因仅有一个观测点而无法进行研究之外，对其余4个块体用刚体运动加均匀应变模型研究了这些构造块体的相对运动和变形。结果表明，这些块体内的应变参数显著性不高，即该地区的现今水平变形以区内一些次级块体的整体相对运动为主，应变积累只占次要地位。这些次级块体间的边界断裂大多数仍呈现为某种继承性运动，只是在本区西北部的祁连山次级块体与塔里末块体交界部位现今运动表现出与继承性运动不同的性质。由于与该边界有关的两侧块体上的观测点仍嫌不足，这一结论的可靠性尚待进一步验证。     

漾濞6.4级地震外廊式教学楼震害调查与分析

外廊式教学楼是中小学校典型的建筑形式。汶川地震后,外廊式教学楼震害引起大量研究人员重视。2021年5月21日21时48分,云南大理州漾濞县发生6.4级地震,本文作者详细调查了位于漾濞县的4所典型框架结构外廊式教学楼,以震害较为严重的漾濞一中和花椒园小学为例,分析了结构各部位发生破坏的原因。以震害现象为佐证,得出以下结论:由于横墙的约束,楼板沿纵向平动,各轴构件的本构关系可在同一坐标系下进行对比分析,结构破坏取决于构件沿纵向的极限位移。并在此基础上,从新的角度探讨了多层建筑的抗震能力。     

Flow directions of stream-groundwater exchange in a headwater catchment during the hydrologic year

Understanding near-stream groundwater dynamics and flow directions is important for predicting hillslope-stream connectivity, streamflow generation, and hydrologic controls of streamwater quality. To determine the drivers of groundwater flow in the stream corridor (i.e., the stream channel and the adjacent groundwater in footslopes and riparian areas), we observed the water levels of 36 wells and 7 piezometers along a headwater stream section over a period of 18 months. Groundwater dynamics during events were controlled by the initial position of the groundwater table relative to the subsurface structure. The near-stream groundwater table displayed a fast and pronounced response to precipitation events when lying in fractured bedrock with low storage capacity, and responded less frequently and in a less pronounced way when lying in upper layers with high storage capacity. Precipitation depth, intensity, regolith thickness above the fractured bedrock, and proximity to and elevation above the stream channel also had an effect on the groundwater dynamics, which varied with hydrologic conditions. Our high-frequency and spatially dense measurements highlight the competing influence of groundwater inflow from upslope locations, streamwater level and bedrock properties on the spatiotemporal dynamics of flowpaths in the stream corridor. Near-stream groundwater pointed uniformly towards the stream channel when the stream corridor was hydrologically connected to upslope groundwater. However, local interruptions of the water inflow from upslope locations caused flow reversals towards the footslopes. The direction of near-stream groundwater followed the local fractured bedrock topography during dry hydrologic conditions on a few occasions after events. The outcomes of this research contribute to a better understanding of the drivers controlling spatiotemporal changes in near-stream groundwater dynamics and flow directions in multiple wetness states of the stream corridor.     

河西内陆干旱区地表和地下水资源的相互转化研究

根据有关台站的水文气象观测资料及"九五"国家科技重点攻关项目"96－912"专题有关成果,对甘肃省河西内陆干旱区地表水、地下水资源的数量、分布特征与变化规律及相互转化关系进行了分析和研究。结果表明,内陆干旱地区的地表径流主要形成于中、高山区,散失于山前平原和沙漠。径流的补给来源主要为大气降水、冰雪融水和地下水。降水量及其时空分布对水资源的形成有着重要的影响。这里降水、河川径流与地下水转化关系十分明显。内陆干旱地区水资源最主要的特征就是从山区到平原地表水与地下水在不同地质地貌单元间的相互转化,并且由径流源区的山区到河流下游的平原,不同区域、不同地段地表水与地下水的转化关系及地下水的流动模式亦不相同：即由降水与冰雪融水下渗所形成的山区地下水绝大部分以基流形式排泄,形成地表径流进入盆地;而河流在进入盆地或平原区流经透水性极强的山前冲、洪积平原后又大量渗漏补给地下水,山前冲、洪积扇平原的地下水沿地形坡降向冲积平原运动至冲积扇缘地带后,由于含水层土壤颗粒变细,导水性减弱,形成地下水溢出带,地下水沿沟壑呈泉水大量溢出地表,汇集成泉沟进入河流而转化成为地表水。在冲、洪积扇以下的冲积平原上,潜水含水层土壤颗粒细,地下水埋藏浅,径流水平流动缓慢,地下水以垂向水量交替为主。在自然状态下,冲积平原下游直到尾闾湖;洪水季节（洪水季节外,河川径流量很小甚至没有）河流泻洪通过河道补给地下水,余水进入尾闾湖。正是水量不大的河水及其所转化形成的地下水维系着西北内陆干旱地河流下游地区的绿州的存在和这里十分脆弱的生态环境。这些地表水与地下水之间的转化过程的这种特征直接影响本地区水资源的开发利用模式。目前,在上游地区大规模发展经济、开发水资源的情况下,随着地表径流利用率的不断提高和地下水得到的补给减少,许多地方泉水量减少甚至枯竭,原来的泉灌区被迫变为井灌区。冲积平原下游即使在洪水季节也很难接受上游地表径流的补给,造成地下水位持续下降,植被死亡,土壤荒漠化。因此,内陆干旱区的水资源开发利用必须从整个流域的角度出发进行统一的合理的规划,总结不同类型地区水资源开发利用过程中的经验教训,逐步建立不同类型最优化的水资源利用模式,这将对今后干旱区的水资源开发利用具有重要的意义。     

赣中西地区地震波谱分析

选取赣中西地区23个ML≥2.0地震的单台波形数据,基于遗传算法,分别采用ω-3和ω-2震源谱模型对每个地震每个水平向的振幅谱进行搜索,得到2组低频水平Ω0和拐角频率fc.目测发现大多数地震震源谱符合ω-3模型,除1个地震的fc接近6 Hz外,其余22个地震的fc均小于3.51 Hz,明显偏低.这23个地震除fc接近6...     

The petrology and mineralogy of the pegmatite complex at Bismuth,Torrington, N.S.W.

The pegmatite complex of epi‐Permian age at Bismuth near Torrington, N.S.W., consists of an elongated intrusion of a granitoid quartz‐topaz rock (silexite) together with a series of pegmatites of varying composition. The principal pegmatite consists of orthoclase, biotite, quartz and beryl with concentric zoning passing outwards into fine‐grained biotite‐beryl rock containing a number of ore minerals: arsenides of Co, Fe and Ni, wolframite, bismuth, bismuthinite, molybdenite, joseite, cassiterite, rutile, uraninite and monazite. Small pegmatite veins issuing from this main body contain, in addition to the silicate minerals, high temperature tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. A second group is characterised by quartz, orthoclase and beryl with occasional patches of tourmaline.

Emplacement at no great depth is indicated by breccia veins and stock‐works filled with pegmatite.

The origin of a silica hydromagma is considered in terms of existing experimental work and in terms of field occurrence. Structural evidence suggests that the quartzose intrusion preceded the injection of the pegmatite fluids, both being derived from the parent Mole biotite granite.     

Pb–Zn deposits in Cretaceous carbonate host rocks,northeast Shahmirzad,central Alborz,Iran

A multidisciplinary study including geology, petrography and reconnaissance isotope analyses has been carried out on the Reza-Abad, Reza-Barak and Heydar-Abad Pb–Zn deposits, hosted by different types of Cretaceous dolostone and limestone in northeast of the city of Shahmirzad in the central Alborz region of Iran. Dolostones are dominated by replacement dolomite with minor dolomite cements. The studied deposits are strata-bound vein and breccia type and are associated with tensional faults and fractures. Mineralisation occurs in veins and in karstic and tectonic breccias. Hypogene minerals include galena with minor sphalerite and pyrite. Supergene minerals comprise Fe-oxide, cerussite, anglesite, plattnerite, minimum and mimetite. Calcite, quartz and dolomite form gangue minerals. The δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values of dolomites vary between –5.8 and +2.1‰ VPDB and between 0.0 and +2.9‰ VPDB, respectively. Isotopic and previous fluid inclusion studies suggest that deposits formed from brines (15–25 wt.% NaCl equiv.) at temperatures of 70 to 110°C. Lead isotope data are homogeneous and represent upper crust source. This study provides an insight into the ore-forming processes of MVT deposits in the northeast Shahmirzad region.