大兴安岭南段西坡拜仁达坝-维拉斯托矿床成矿流体特征及其演化

拜仁达坝-维拉斯托矿床是大兴安岭南段西坡最大的2个热液脉型银矿床, 对这两个矿床各阶段矿物(如黑钨矿、浅色闪锌矿、石英和萤石)中的流体包裹体进行研究, 并对硫化物进行了硫同位素分析.结果表明, 拜仁达坝矿床的流体从早阶段到晚阶段(Ⅰ→Ⅱ→Ⅲ)均一温度和盐度逐渐降低.维拉斯托矿床热液成矿期第Ⅰ、Ⅱ成矿阶段具有高温高盐度的流体; 第Ⅲ成矿阶段具有不混溶流体, 即中温中盐度的流体(均一温度为208~294 ℃, 盐度含量为4.65%~12.39%)和高温低盐度的流体(均一温度为333~406 ℃, 盐度含量为3.55%~6.88%); 第Ⅳ成矿阶段具有低温较低盐度的流体.两个矿床的流体包裹体气相成分表明成矿流体均为CO₂-H₂O-NaCl体系.拜仁达坝矿床的均一温度和盐度随着成矿阶段逐渐降低和氢氧同位素证据均表明, 早阶段的流体主要为岩浆水来源, 晚阶段的流体混入了大气降水.维拉斯托矿床氢氧同位素证据和流体中的成分(CH₄/C₂H₆为39.271%~101.438%)均表明其成矿流体主要为岩浆水来源.拜仁达坝-维拉斯托矿床的硫具有深源特征, 拜仁达坝矿床的成矿机制主要与不同来源的成矿流体混合有关; 维拉斯托矿床的成矿机制主要与降温和成矿流体不混溶有关.      

含油流体包裹体：地球化学分析与地质应用

利用含油流体包裹体可以获得与原油和源区常规分析同等质量的可靠地球化学数据。细致而又小心谨慎地对待各测试步骤(如样品清洗、背景空白等)是成功进行包裹体油气成分分析的基础。从技术上来说,每一分析步骤都具有挑战性,但如果我们能按步骤循序渐进,就不仅能够分析那些含有大量石油包裹体的样品(如当今或古油藏样品),而且可以测试含极少量石油包裹体的样品(如迁移路径或极古老岩石样品)。包裹体中可被测试的碳氢化合物多种多样,包括低分子量的碳氢化合物、n-链烷、类异戊二烯、生物标志物、芳香族碳氢化合物等。流体包裹体内石油成分分析在地质上有广泛应用,比如可以更好地重建储集区石油重注史、确定盆地中以前未知的活性源岩。在储集区内由生物降解造成的石油再造和(或)水洗作用经常被抹去,流体包襄体分析则可以解释储集区复杂成油阶段,当然更可以去除钻孔泥浆添加剂或其他污染物的影响。此外,也可以获知地球早期生物圈碳氢化合物的组成及多样性,以及在勘探区或盆地进行二次迁移路径填图。     

新疆阔尔真阔腊金矿床成矿流体包裹体研究

新疆西北部阔尔真阔腊金矿床是产于海西期岛弧型钙碱性火山岩中的火山晚期热液型金矿床。流体包裹体研究表明,成矿阶段(Ⅰ)包裹体为气相包裹体,均一温度为308～396℃,盐度为5．86～8．41wt％NaCl;主成矿阶段(Ⅱ、Ⅲ)为气液包裹体,均一温度分别为209～276℃(Ⅱ)、119～198℃(Ⅲ),盐度分别为5．11～7．86wt％NaCl(Ⅱ)、2．74～6．17wt％NaCl(Ⅲ)。石英流体包裹体成分测定采用分阶段法,有效地排除了不同成矿阶段包裹体成分的影响,准确地测出了成矿阶段(Ⅰ)和主成矿阶段(Ⅱ、Ⅲ)包裹体的成分,结果表明成矿流体具Na^ -H^--Cl^--H2O型中低温、低盐特征,金主要以金硫络合物的形式迁移,金矿化是在还原条件下进行。主成矿阶段包裹体中水的氢同位素组成为-83．97～-89．07‰,氧同位素组成为1．8～3．2‰,成矿流体是岩浆热液与古大气降水混合而成。流体混合及水-岩反应是造成本区金沉淀成矿的主要因素。     

构造应力作用下流体运动的动力学分析——构造流体动力学

本文从流体动力学的基本规律出发,应用渗流力学、岩土力学及弹性力学的理论及方法,推导出了考虑应力状态的可变形介质中流体运动的动力学方程,由该方程可以看出：应力状态是影响流体运动的一个非常重要的因素,它通过３种方式来影响流体的运动,其一是：应力的作用改变介质的渗透性能,从而影响流体运动;其二是：平均正应力的变化速率影响介质的含流体能力,它以源汇项的形式反映在方程中;其三是：应力的作用影响流场的初始状态及边界状态,通过影响定解条件反映在动力学方程中,从而影响运动特征。构造应力场对流体运动的最终影响是这３方面作用     

含不同孔隙流体的砂岩地震波速度随压力变化的实验研究

岩石的地震波性质是区域构造研究和浅部地震勘探应用的基础.延长油田是我国重要的油气生产基地之一,但目前仍缺乏地震波性质方面的基础资料.作者利用Autolab2000多功能岩石物性自动测试设备,在0~180MPa及饱含不同孔隙流体(干燥、饱水及饱油)条件下,研究了三种来自延长油田砂岩岩芯的纵波、横波速度.结果表明:三种砂岩的Vp、Vs1和Vs2均随压力增加(或降低)而基本呈对数曲线增大(或减小);干燥、饱水和饱油三种波速间的关系因砂岩类型不同而不同,这主要取决于岩石的有效弹性模量、孔隙流体性质以及岩石的内部结构等;含同种孔隙流体的不同类型砂岩,其Vp、Vs1和Vs2随压力变化的规律主要受岩石孔隙度和粒度的影响;而含不同孔隙流体的同种砂岩,其Vp、Vs1和Vs2随压力变化的规律则主要受控于岩石的有效弹性模量和流体密度.另外,含水或含油饱和度的变化对Vs1和Vs2基本没有影响.实验结果可以为该地区地震资料的解释及与声波测井之间的对比提供重要的基础数据和参考依据.     

Genesis of tin and tantalum mineralization in pegmatites from the Bynoe area,Pine Creek Geosyncline,Northern Territory

The tin‐ and tantalum‐bearing pegmatites of the Bynoe area are located in the western Pine Creek Geosyncline. They are emplaced within psammopelitic rocks in the contact aureole of the Two Sisters Granite. The latter is a Palaeoproterozoic, fractionated, granite with S‐type characteristics and comprises a syn‐ to late‐orogenic, variably foliated, medium‐grained biotite granite and a post‐orogenic, coarse‐grained biotite‐muscovite granite. The pegmatites comprise a border zone of fine grained muscovite + quartz followed inward by a wall zone of coarse grained muscovite + quartz which is in turn followed by an intermediate zone of quartz + feldspar + muscovite. A core zone of massive quartz is present in some occurrences. Feldspars in the intermediate zone are almost completely altered to kaolinite. This zone contains the bulk of cassiterite, tantalite and columbite mineralization. Fluid inclusions in pegmatitic quartz indicate that early Type A (CO₂ + H₂O ± CH₄) inclusions were trapped at the H₂O‐CO₂ solvus at P～100 MPa, T～300°C (range 240–328°C) and salinity ～6 wt% eq NaCl. Pressure‐salinity corrected temperatures on Type B (H₂O + ～20% vapour), C (H₂O + < 15% vapour) and D (H₂O + halite + vapour) inclusions also fall within the range of Type A inclusions. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope data show that kaolin was either formed in isotopic equilibrium with meteoric waters or subsequent to its formation, from hydrothermal fluid, underwent isotopic exchange with meteoric waters. Fluid inclusion waters from core zone quartz show enrichment in deuterium suggesting metamorphic influence. Isotope values on muscovite are consistent with a magmatic origin. It is suggested that the pegmatites were derived from the post‐orogenic phase of the Two Sisters Granite. Precipitation of cassiterite took place at about 300°C from an aqueous fluid largely as a result of increase in pH due to feldspar alteration.     

内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床成矿流体演化与成矿作用

内蒙古谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床位于大兴安岭中段华力西期、燕山期成矿带上,是一个大中型的火山喷发沉积-热液富集型矿床。在对谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床的物质组成分析的基础上,着重对流体包裹体和稳定同位素进行分析,以此来研究该矿床的成矿流体演化和成矿作用。研究表明,从热液作用早期到中期,具有成矿温度递减、盐度升高的趋势,两者呈负相关变化,指示流体发生了沸腾作用;从热液作用中期到晚期,具有成矿温度递减、盐度降低的趋势,两者呈正相关变化,指示流体发生了混合作用。S、Pb、C、H、O同位素组成表明,金属物质主要来自赋矿岩石和下伏地层,同时还有深部岩浆物质的参与。成矿热液为大气降水补给加热的循环地下水和岩浆水组成的的混合流体,后期又有大量的大气降水补充,使得成矿流体与围岩发生了强烈的同位素交换。矿化和蚀变作用是在水/岩比值比较低的体系中进行的。谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床的成矿流体总体表现为中低温、低盐度、低密度的热液。构造热效应、地热梯度和多次的岩浆喷气热是驱动流体活化迁移的主要因素。构造体制转换使流体稳定体系发生改变,压力释放发生沸腾作用,造就铁、锌在有利位置富集成矿。     

六种成膜封堵剂的室内实验优选与评价

为更好地服务深部钻探工程,准确了解冲洗液封堵性能,对6种成膜封堵剂开展了砂床实验、API静失水量实验、流变性能实验及抗温实验等室内实验进行优选与评价。实验结果表明,2号和4号成膜封堵剂在6种成膜封堵剂中封堵性能最好,它们在基浆中的最优加量均为2%,100 ℃温度条件下加入这2种封堵剂的冲洗液具有较好的抗温性能;冲洗液中膨润土含量和处理剂是影响冲洗液封堵性能的2个重要因素：膨润土含量越高,冲洗液封堵性能越好,加入聚合物、降滤失剂等处理剂可以提高冲洗液的封堵性能。砂床实验是评价冲洗液封堵性能好坏的重要依据。     

胶东英格庄金矿床地质地球化学特征

英格庄金矿床是胶东牟平-乳山金矿成矿带重要的石英脉型金矿床之一,其产出和分布严格受NNE向断裂控制,围岩以古老变质岩和昆嵛山花岗岩为主,金矿物主要以晶隙金形式赋存于黄铁矿-脉石晶体之间。通过成矿流体包裹体地球化学研究可知:均一温度变化有3个峰值(155℃～165℃、205℃～215℃和245℃～265℃);该矿床包裹体盐度w(NaCl)较低(17.17(),在1.05(～17.17(之间变化,应属于低盐度流体;据其成矿压力21.3～58.8MPa,进一步求得的该矿床主要成矿深度为0.83～2.31km,为中浅成矿床;依据包裹体成分测试结果可知,矿床流体属K+-Na+-SO24-Cl-型。氢氧同位素显示其成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水和变质水,并有一定的大气降水混入。     

Ore-forming Fluid Characteristics of the Saishitang Cu-polymetallic Deposit in Qinghai Province, China

Saishitang Cu-polymetallic deposit is located in the southeast section of Late Paleozoic arcfold in the southeastern margin of Qaidam platform. Accoring to the geological process of the deposit,four mineralization episodes were identified: melt/fluid coexisting period(O),skarn period(A),first sulfide period(B) and second sulfide period(C),and 10 stages were finally subdivided. Three types of inclusions were classified in seven stages,namely crystal bearing inclusions(type I),aqueous inclusions(type II) and pure liquid inclusions(type III). Type I and II inclusions were observed in stage O1,having homogenization temperature from 252 to 431°C,and salinities ranging from 24.3% to 48.0%. Type I inclusion was present in stage A1,having homogenization temperature from 506 to 548°C,and salinities ranging from 39.4% to 44.6%. In stage B1,type II and III inclusions were observed,with homogenization temperature concentrating between 300–400°C,and salinities from 0.4% to 4.3%. Type II inclusions were present in stage B2,with homogenization temperature varying from 403 to 550°C. In stage C1,type I and II inclusion commonly coexisted,and constituted a boiling inclusion group,having homogenization temperatures at 187–463°C,and salinities in a range of 29.4%–46.8% and 2.2%–11.0%. Type II and III inclusions were developed in stage C2,having homogenization temperature at 124–350°C,and salinities ranging between 1.6% and 15.4%. In stage C3,type II and III inclusions were presented,with a homogenization temperature range of 164–360°C,and salinities varying from 4.0% to 11.0%. The results of micro-thermal analysis show that fluids are characterized by high temperature and high salinity in stage O1 and A1,and experienced slight decrease in temperature and dramatic decrease in salinity in stage B1 and B2. In stage C1,the salinity of fluid increased greatly and a further decrease of temperature and salinity occurred in stage C2 and C3. Fluids boiled in stage C1. With calculated pressure of 22 MPa from the trapping temperature of 284–289°C,a mineralization depth of 2.2 km was inferred. Results of Laser Raman Spectroscopy show high density of H2 O,CH4 and CO2 were found as gas composition. H-O isotope study indicates the oreforming fluids were the mixture of magmatic water and meteoric water. Physicochemical parameters of fluids show oxygen and sulfur fugacity experienced a decrease,and redox state is weakly reducing. Along with fluid evolution,oxidation has increased slightly. Comprehensive analysis shows that melt exsolution occurred during the formation of quartz diorite and that metal elements existed and migrated in the form of chlorine complex. Immiscible fluid separation and boiling widely occurred after addition of new fluids,bringing about dissociation of chlorine-complex,resulting in a great deal of copper precipitation. In conclusion,Saishitang deposit,controlled by regional tectonics,is formed by metasomatism between highly fractionated mineralization rock body and wall rock,and belongs to banded skarn Cu-polymetallic deposit.