氯氧镁水泥混凝土路面性能试验研究

氯氧镁水泥混凝土是由轻烧氧化镁、氯化镁溶液和一些砂石反应生成的一种气硬性胶凝材料。利用镁水泥混凝土修筑示范路面,通过回弹仪、X-Ray 衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检测路面的抗压强度、相组成和微观结构。结果表明：修筑示范路面早期抗压强度增加很快,三天就能通车,后期基本保持稳定。修筑路面的主要相组成为5.1.8相,不随路面使用时间的延长而变化且其具有针状结构。     

粉质黏土水泥土冻胀融沉特性研究

为研究水泥土冻胀融沉特性,对南京地区典型粉质黏土进行了不同条件下的冻胀融沉试验.试验控制因素包括水泥掺入比、含水率、龄期、冷端温度和荷载等,各控制因素在包含基准数值的区间内选取代表性条件进行单一变量试验.试验采用自制冻胀融沉仪进行,冻胀融沉仪下部为制冷块,上部设置补水装置,模拟真实土体冻结时水分迁移过程.结果表明:粉质...     

塔里木盆地志留系下砂岩段成藏组合分析及有利勘探区带评价

多年勘探实践证明,塔里木盆地志留系发育良好的储盖组合,油气源充足,具有良好的勘探前景。以油气成藏组合理论为指导,结合塔里木盆地志留系勘探实践,将志留系下砂岩段划分为塔中、塔东、塔河地区3个油气成藏组合,并引入边缘概率对各成藏组合内的次级成藏组合进行综合分析。塔中地区储盖条件、圈闭条件发育良好,各次级成藏组合边缘概率均很高,综合评价为Ⅰ-Ⅱ类有利勘探区;塔东地区、塔河地区圈闭条件发育良好,但储盖条件不理想,各次级成藏组合边缘概率较低,综合评价为Ⅱ-Ⅲ类有利勘探区。     

砂土中隧道开挖对邻近桩基竖向影响的简化计算方法

基于砂土中隧道开挖引起的土体竖向位移经验公式,分析隧道开挖对邻近桩基础的竖向影响。采用两阶段计算方法,将邻近桩基础视为竖向被动桩,依据砂土中隧道开挖引起地表及地表以下土体产生的沉降槽,考虑桩土相互作用的非线性,得到砂土中隧道开挖对邻近桩基础轴力影响的简化计算方法,并与土工离心试验结果进行对比,验证了该方法的合理性。在研究过程中,分析了隧道覆盖层厚度、隧道直径、隧道与桩之间的距离、隧道土体损失率、桩长、桩径等因素。研究结果表明,桩身轴力随着覆盖层厚度的增加而减小,随隧道直径和土体损失率的增大而增加;隧道与桩之间距离为2.5倍隧道直径时对轴力的影响最大;随着桩长、桩径的增加,桩身轴力逐渐增加。     

孤南洼陷孤南30井沙三段岩石地层特征与有利储集层研究

本文以岩石学及沉积学为理论指导,以孤南30井沙三段的岩心、钻井、测井、录井、试油等资料为基础,对孤南30井沙河街组沙三段岩石地层的划分展开了研究,并寻找其有利储集层。研究表明:孤南30井沙河街组沙三段主要发育河流和湖泊两种类型沉积相,可分为4个砂层组,10个小层;沙三段中下部沉积水体较深,泥岩与砂岩互层,砂体含量增高,有利于形成良好的储集层,又发育有厚层灰质油泥岩,形成了较好的生储盖圈闭。     

Effects of Time-dependent Moisture Content of Surface Sediments on Aeolian Transport Rates Across a Beach,Wildwood, New Jersey,U.S.A.

A one-day field investigation on an unvegetated backbeach documents the importance of surface sediment drying to aeolian transport. Surface sediments were well sorted fine sand. Moisture content of samples taken in the moist areas on the backbeach varied from 2·9 to 9·2 per cent. Lack of dry sediment inhibited transport prior to 08:50. By 09:10 conspicuous streamers of dry sand moved across the moist surface. Barchan-shaped bedforms, 30 to 40 mm high and composed of dry sand (moisture content <0·10 per cent), formed where sand streamers converged. The surface composed of dry sand increased from 5 per cent of the area of the backbeach at 09:50 to 90 per cent by 12:50 Mean wind speeds were beetween 5·6 and 8·6 m s⁻¹ at 6 m above the backbeach. Corresponding shear velocities were always above the entrainment threshold for dry sand and below the threshold for the moist sand on the backbeach. Measured rates of sand trapped (by vertical cylindrical traps) increased during the day relative to calculated rates. The measured rate of sand trapped on the moist foreshore was higher than the rate trapped on the backbeach during the same interval, indicating that the moist foreshore (moisture content 18 per cent) was an efficient transport surface for sediment delivered from the dry portion of the beach upwind. Measured rates of sand trapped show no clear relationship to shear velocities unless time-dependent surface moisture content is considered. Results document conditions that describe transport across moist surfaces in terms of four stages including: (1) entrainment of moist sediment from a moist surface; (2) in situ drying of surface grains from a moist surface followed by transport across the surface; (3) entrainment and transport of dry sediment from bedforms that have accumulated on the moist surface; and (4) entrainment of sand from a dry upwind source and transport across a moist downwind surface. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

科尔沁沙地几种常见植物对风胁迫的生理响应

风在自然界很常见,对植物也有很大影响,尤其在多风沙的干旱、半干旱地区。本研究以科尔沁沙地4种常见植物:沙米、大果虫实、胡枝子和马唐为对象,采用便携式风洞对以上4种植物进行不同吹风强度(4 m·s-1和8 m·s-1)和吹风时间(20~120 min)的处理,同时利用Li-6400光合作用测定仪对植物的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Ts)的变化进行测定,以研究这4种植物对风胁迫的生理响应。结果表明:4种植物的Pn、Gs和Ts均随着风速的增大和吹风时间的加长而显著降低。在4 m·s-1风速下,4种植物的Pn、Gs和Ts在吹风结束时分别降低了47.2%~89.3%,49.4%~90.1%,45.7%~86.5%。同样,在8 m·s-1风速下,4种植物Pn、Gs和Ts的降幅分别为59.2%~91.3%,47.3%~93.5%,69.5%~91.8%。除了胡枝子的Gs外,其他所测指标在8 m·s-1风速下的降幅均大于在4 m·s-1风速下。4种植物的水分利用效率(WUE)在吹风的初期均有所升高,但当吹风时间超过60 min后则普遍开始下降,这说明固沙植物对短时风胁迫具有一定的适应性。     

Aeolian sediment transport and morphologic change on a managed and an unmanaged foredune

Sediment transport and short‐term morphologic change were evaluated at a site where sand fences are deployed and the beach is raked (Managed Site) and a site where these human adjustments are not practiced (Unmanaged Site). Data were gathered across the seaward portion of a low foredune when winds blew nearly shore‐normal at mean speeds 8.9 to 9.3 m s^‐1. Data from traps revealed sediment transport rates at unvegetated portions of the foredune crest (40.2 to 43.5 kg m^‐1 h^‐1) were greater than on the backshore (4.9 to 11.2 kg m^‐1 h^‐1) due to onshore decreases in surface moisture and speed‐up of the wind passing over the foredune. Data from erosion pins indicate sediment input to the dune was 1.48 m³ m^‐1 alongshore at the Managed Site and 1.25 m³ m^‐1 at the Unmanaged Site. The Unmanaged Site had deposition at the dune toe, erosion at mid‐slope, and deposition at the crest. Deposition occurred at mid‐slope on the Managed Site near a partially buried (0.58 m high) fence with a porosity of about 65%. Deposition at partially buried wrack on the upper backshore and dune toe at the Unmanaged Site was about twice as great as deposition in this zone at the Managed Site. Results indicate that: (1) the seaward slope of the foredune can be a more important source of sand to the lee of the crest than the beach; (2) wrack near the toe can decrease transport into the foredune; (3) a scour zone can occur on the foredune slope above the wrack line; (4) a fence placed in this location can promote deposition and offset scour, but fences can restrict delivery of sediment farther inland. Evaluation of alternative configurations of fences and strategies for managing wrack is required to better determine the ways that humans modify foredunes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑颗粒破碎的冻结砂土非线性本构模型研究

颗粒破碎是粒状材料在高应力状态下的一种基本现象。为了研究冻结砂土中颗粒破碎对应力应变关系的影响,将冻结砂土视为复合颗粒材料,忽略冰的压融,考虑内摩擦角随应力状态的变化,构建一个适用于冻结砂土的考虑颗粒破碎的非线性本构模型。构建过程分为三步,首先是基于三轴剪切前后颗粒分析对冻结砂土颗粒破碎模式和产生机理进行探讨;其次是基于考虑颗粒破碎的能量平衡方程,对冻土在三轴剪切试验过程中的颗粒破碎耗能进行分析,结果表明颗粒破碎耗能随轴向应变呈双曲线变化趋势;最后应用考虑颗粒破碎的剪胀方程修正沈珠江三参数非线性模型中的体积切线模量ν_t,得到一个考虑颗粒破碎的非线性本构模型,模型参数可以通过单轴压缩试验和常规三轴试验确定。将原模型和修正后模型的计算结果与控制温度为-6℃,围压为1 MPa、4 MPa、6 MPa、8 MPa和10 MPa时冻结砂土的试验结果进行对比,结果表明该模型能够较好的模拟冻结砂土从低围压到高围压的应变软化特征与剪胀特征。      

利用NOAA卫星资料估算陆地沙尘量的方法

提出一种利用NOAA卫星可见光通道估算北方干旱陆地上空沙尘含量的方法。该方法考虑到在短时间内某一固定区域的地面反射率变化较小,因此可以利用沙尘暴发生和晴空2个不同时刻卫星测量到的这一像素区的辐射值来消除地面反射率的影响,估算陆地上空沙尘暴的光学厚度。在2002年4月6日左右沙尘暴发生期间,利用该方法计算的沙尘光学厚度与载沙量的结果和同步观测的TSP值与地面气象数据在趋势与分布上是一致的。