城镇化进程对沙漠化逆转趋势影响的动态计量分析——以宁夏盐池县为例

以典型沙漠化逆转区宁夏盐池县为例,对2003-2013年城镇化与沙漠化逆转趋势进行综合测度,利用ADF单位根检验、Granger因果检验、脉冲响应函数及方差分解模型就城镇化进程对沙漠化逆转趋势的动态影响进行分析。结果表明：（1）2003年以来,盐池县城镇化水平逐步提高,沙漠化逆转综合指数基本保持在0.3以上。（2）作为人文驱动因素,城镇化综合水平虽不直接对沙漠化逆转趋势产生作用,但其分量指标却对沙漠化逆转趋势及逆转压力的产生、状态的表现和响应的形成产生冲击。（3）从长期预测来看,沙漠化逆转趋势及分量指标受自身冲击的影响随时间的推移而逐渐减小,城镇化对沙漠化逆转的解释能力正在逐步提升,人口迁移、经济增长、社会进步和城镇化发展对逆转趋势、压力、响应和状态的冲击影响分别维持在78%、58%、13%和9%的水平上。未来盐池县城镇化的发展应当以人口城镇化、经济城镇化作为关键突破点,以促进农户非农生计的可持续性,提高城镇化对生态环境的促进作用。     

中国城市住房价格的地理扩散及其区域外部性问题

通过对1998~2009年年间、国家发改委所监测的国内35个大中城市房屋销售价格指数面板数据,进行单位根和Granger因果检验,表明中国城市居民的住房价格在经济地位最重要的城市之间存在波动的传递。表现出:一,在传递的水平方向上具有地理方向性;二,在传递的垂直方向上具有"4-4-9-9-9"的层级结构性。研究认为中国城市房价的波动是一个地理扩散过程,并且具有邻里扩散与等级扩散相并存的特征。这与国外相关文献的研究成果基本一致。房价的地理扩散属于"发展的地理扩散",具有区域外部性的性质,可以从一个侧面揭示区域外部性传递的过程和形成的格局。     

耕地非农化与收入差距关系的实证研究

在已有研究的基础上,引入收入差距因素,以1988-2004年为样本期,选取年内建设占用耕地新增数量和基尼系数两个指标,运用Granger因果分析方法,探讨了两者间的因果关系.结果表明:耕地非农化与收入差距之间存在着双向的因果关系:滞后3期的耕地非农化是收入差距扩大的原因;滞后4期的收入差距扩大又导致了耕地非农化的加快.基于此认识,提出了慎重对待耕地非农化过程、合理分配耕地非农化收益、建立健全社会保障体系等建议,为耕地非农化的调控提供参考.     

近30a来新疆城乡统筹及其与城镇化作用关系的定量分析

以城乡经济统筹和城乡居民统筹为角度,建立了新疆城乡统筹发展水平评价的指标体系得到新疆自改革开放以来城乡统筹发展水平在波动中快速增长,并且新疆城乡统筹发展水平高于全国平均水平。同时,采用Granger因果关系检验法对城乡统筹和城镇化相互关系研究表明,新疆城乡统筹发展与城镇化之间存在长期均衡协整和单项因果关系,城镇化水平每提高1%,城乡统筹水平提高0.7%,且存在两年的滞后期。     

Geomorphology and ecology: Unifying themes for complex systems in biogeomorphology

The interaction of geomorphic and ecologic landscape components has been largely conceptualized as independent. In one direction, geomorphic processes and landforms shape the distribution of biota. Conversely, in the other direction, biota modify geomorphic processes and landforms. Increasingly, the interactions between geomorphic and ecological components are more circular and developmentally intertwined. In this paper, I integrate these two independent perspectives within the framework of complexity theory. I outline four themes that characterize complex systems in biogeomorphology: multiple causality and the concept of recursivity, the influence of organisms that function as ecosystem engineers, the expression of an ecological topology, and ecological memory. Implicit in all of these themes is the recognition that biogeomorphic systems are open and path dependent. They may exhibit a range of assembly states, from self-reinforcing stability domains to more transient configurations of organisms and environment.     

Causality and dispersion relations in electrical prospecting

The problem of causality in low-frequency electrical prospecting with artificial and natural sources is considered. We present numerical examples of the application of dispersion relations to transfer function spectra used in the induced polarization and controlled-source electromagnetic methods and to the components of telluric, horizontal magnetic, and other magnetotelluric tensors. Approaches to the processing and interpretation of spectra with violated dispersion relations are proposed.     

历史气候变化和社会经济发展的因果关系实证研究评述

本文根据近年来在历史气候变化和人类社会经济发展领域中因果关系的实证研究,特别是综合现有的定量研究成果,分析了历史上气候变化与人类社会经济发展的联系。结果表明,气候变化在最终和基本层面影响着社会经济发展。而且无论是长期还是短期的数据分析,气候短期波动或长期变化都会在社会经济发展中有所反映。从理论和方法学两个方面,这些研究成果促进了对气候变化影响下人类社会经济发展的认识,在全世界范围内都有学术借鉴意义和政策指导价值。     

Does patents on environmental technologies matter for the ecological footprint in the USA? Evidence from the novel Fourier ARDL approach

The outcome of patents on environmental (POET) technologies on the EF in the USA has not been comprehensively explored. Therefore, to close this breach in the literature, the present study discovers how patents on ecological technologies affect ecological footprint (EF) in the USA while regulatory for GDP and EC using the Fourier-based approaches. The conclusions of the present study reveal that POET are an important predictor of EF in the USA and cause a reduction in ecological deprivation in the long run; as expected, economic growth negatively affects environmental sustainability. The outcomes suggest that it is possible to resolve conflicts between the economy and the environment by using technological innovation. The USA government must reconsider its policy focus, particularly on coal energy sourcing and industrial energy, while continuing with heavy investments in its ambitious renewable energy technology development plan. Moreover, the government should continue to promote investments in environmental technologies.