钪─埃铬菁R─氯化十六烷基吡啶─乳化剂OP显色体系及其应用研究

在ｐＨ５６～６４的缓冲介质中，Ｓｃ（Ⅲ）埃铬菁Ｒ（ＥＣＲ）氯化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＣ）乳化剂ＯＰ形成蓝色配合物，其组成比ｎＳｃ∶ｎＥＣＲ∶ｎＣＰＣ＝１∶２∶２。配合物的最大吸收波长在６１０ｎｍ处，表观摩尔吸光系数为１７１×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。Ｓｃ质量浓度为０～０２４ｍｇ／Ｌ时遵守比尔定律。拟定的方法结合ＰＭＢＰ萃取分离，测定钨矿及其浸出渣中的微量Ｓｃ，可获满意结果     

Spectrophotometric properties of surface water dissolved organic matter in an afforested upland peat catchment

Many upland catchments in the UK have undergone afforestation; their characteristic waterlogged soils require extensive pre‐plantation ground drainage to allow tree establishment. In peatland areas this can result in very highly coloured runoff and enhanced dissolved organic matter (DOM) export in rivers of naturally high concentrations. In 1966, the Coalburn Experimental Catchment, northern England, was established to investigate the impact of afforestation on an upland peat catchment. Here we report the variations in DOM spectrophotometric properties of streamflow in the catchment at canopy closure, especially with respect to potential carbon sources within the artificial drainage ditches. Drainage ditches are characterized by water that has higher absorption coefficients and which is more highly coloured than in the catchment tributaries. Ditched, afforested areas produce more highly‐coloured runoff waters that are more fluorescent and absorbent normalized to carbon concentration compared to ditches in open moorland. Ditches that had been experimentally re‐excavated have organic matter of different spectrophotometric character, with higher dissolved organic carbon concentration and less aromatic or lower molecular weight material. It is hypothesized that this is due to the exposure of bare peat faces within and adjacent to the ditches that are more susceptible to drying compared to vegetated areas. The large extent of this drainage network acts as both a rapid transport network increasing hydrological connectivity and a pool for the storage of DOM, which is of different spectrophotometric character under low flow conditions, depending on management conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

3,5-二溴-4-偶氮变色酸苯基荧光酮与铝显色反应及应用

研究了在阳离子表面活性剂ＣＴＭＡＢ存在下，Ａｌ（Ⅲ）与３，５＿二溴＿４＿偶氮变色酸苯基荧光酮（ＤＢＡＣＰＦ）的显色反应条件和光度性质。在ｐＨ６０的ＨＡｃ＿ＮａＡｃ缓冲介质中，Ａｌ（Ⅲ）与试剂形成１∶２的红色配合物，最大吸收峰位于５６０ｎｍ处，表观摩尔吸光系数为１２５×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，Ａｌ（Ⅲ）的质量浓度为０～０２ｍｇ／Ｌ时符合比尔定律。拟定方法用于铝黄铜及石灰石样品中铝的测定，结果与标准值相符。     

原子吸收分光光度法测定肉类样品中微量的铜铅锌镉

采用原子吸收法对肉类样品微量铜铅锌镉进行测定，重点对样品的前处理进行实验，拟订测试操作规程和仪器测量最佳条件，实验证明本法操作简便，准确快速，结果满意。     

Spectrophotometric Study of Galaxies with UV Excess

Results from a spectrophotometric study of 21 galaxies with UV excess are presented. The half widths (FWHM) and equivalent widths of observed spectrum lines of these galaxies, as well as the relative intensities of the emission lines observed in the spectrum of the galaxy Kaz243, are determined. It is conjectured that the latter galaxy has the properties of an Sy2 type galaxy. The electron densities and masses of the gaseous components are found for 15 galaxies, along with the masses of 8 galaxies for which the ratio M/L has been calculated. It is shown that the spectral structures of these galaxies do not depend on whether they are members of physical systems or are isolated.     

新显色剂1-(2-咪唑偶氮)-2-萘酚-4-磺酸分光光度法测定铜

新显色剂1-(2-咪唑偶氮)-2-萘酚-4-磺酸在pH 3的介质中光度法测定Cu的摩尔吸光系数为1.94×10~4 L.mol~(-1).cm~(-1),络合物的组成为1:1,最大吸收在530nm,对比度△λ为120nm,表观稳定常数为6.96×10~6,Cu~(2+)在0～0.8μg/ml范围内遵守比尔定律,方法已用于镁介金及铁矿石中Cu的测定。     

新显色剂5-(5-氟-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯的合成及其与钯的显色反应

合成并用红外光谱和元素分析鉴定了氟代吡啶偶氮氨类新试剂5-(5-氟-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯(5-F-PADAT),并研究了该试剂与钯显色的反应。结果表明,在0.32~3.84 mol/L高氯酸溶液中,试剂与钯形成1∶1的紫红色络合物,其最大吸收峰位于566 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为4.84×104L.mol-1.cm-1,钯的浓度在0~2000μg/L符合比耳定律。方法选择性好,大量常见金属离子不干扰钯的测定,操作简单,应用于矿样和催化剂中微量钯的测定,结果与原子吸收光谱法相符。     

改进的极谱法测定化探样品中的钨钼

试样经氢氧化钾熔融,水提取,采用二苯乙醇酸代替苯羟乙酸,在硫酸-二苯乙醇酸-二苯胍-氯酸钾体系中,利用JP—06A精密极谱分析计测定钨、钼,使测定的灵敏度大为提高。钨、钼的峰电位分别为-0.76 V、-0.26 V(相对饱和甘汞电极),钨、钼含量在1.0~100.0 ng/mL时,峰高与浓度呈线性关系。方法经国家一级标准物质检验,测定结果与标准值吻合,方法精密度(RSD,n=12)钨、钼均小于5%。     

巯基棉富集-分光光度法测定铂

样品溶解后,加入还原剂氯化亚锡及助吸附剂水合肼,用巯基棉吸附微量铂。吸附物灰化后,灰分用王水溶解,溶液用双十二烷基二硫代乙酰胺(DDO)分光光度法测定铂。方法检出限为0.2μg/g(10.0g样品),铂量在0~20μg/g线性关系较好。方法经国家一级标准物质验证,铂的测定结果与标准值相符,12次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%。     

柱撑粘土复合材料的研究进展及其在环境污染物治理方面的应用

以具有片状或层状结构以及较为规整的大孔结构的粘土材料为母体,在其层间引入不同阳离子化合物为柱化剂而合成出性能各异的新型柱撑粘土 (pillared clay)复合材料及其应用是目前环境地球化学研究中备受瞩目的研究前沿之一.对柱撑粘土复合材料的制备进展及其在环境污染治理中的应用进展进行了系统的综述,详细探讨了各种合成影响因素如有机阳离子、无机阳离子以及两者联用柱化剂的选择、复合材料热处理过程、表面酸化预处理等手段对合成柱撑粘土复合材料的制备及性能的影响,同时还对柱撑粘土复合材料在水体和大气环境中毒害有机污染物治理方面的应用进行了比较详细的综述.