河北平原水系密度与隐伏活动构造的关系

以1926年出版的比例尺为1：5万的顺直地形图作为基础图件，用地理信息系统技术对河北平原作水系密度计量分析，揭示隐伏在第四纪巨厚的沉积物之下活动构造的信息，研究结果证实水系线密度统计图与使用其它地球科学方法获得的成果，例如基底活动断块图，地貌类型图和第四纪厚度图都有很好的对应，特别与布格重力图对应更好，研究结果发现水系密度图与布格重力异常图在总体一致性较好的前提下，多处反向异常区均为近代强震发生的区域，提出这种地表水系密度统计研究的成果不仅可以揭示深部隐伏的活动构造，而且具有较明确的时间含义。     

东亚岛弧地形横剖面与板块运动

通过对东亚岛弧横剖面形态的系统分析，并结合弧前的构造应力的分析，作者认为，东亚岛弧形成于板块东移的构造环境中，横剖面形态存在两种基本类型即内缓外陡型和内陡外缓型，这两种不同的横剖面具有不同的弧前应力，前者表现弧前挤压，后者表现弧前引张，这反映地貌形态与构造应力之间的密切关系。     

The Canary Islands swell: a coherence analysis of bathymetry and gravity

The Canary Archipelago is an intraplate volcanic chain, located near the West African continental margin, emplaced on old oceanic lithosphere of Jurassic age, with an extended volcanic activity since Middle Miocene. The adjacent seafloor does not show the broad oceanic swell usually observed in hotspot-generated oceanic islands. However, the observation of a noticeable depth anomaly in the basement west of the Canaries might indicate that the swell is masked by a thick sedimentary cover and the influence of the Canarian volcanism. We use a spectral approach, based on coherence analysis, to determine the swell and its compensation mechanism. The coherence between gravity and topography indicates that the swell is caused by a subsurface load correlated with the surface volcanic load. The residual gravity/geoid anomaly indicates that the subsurface load extends 600 km SSW and 800 km N and NNE of the islands. We used computed depth anomalies from available deep seismic profiles to constrain the extent and amplitude of the basement uplift caused by a relatively low-density anomaly within the lithospheric mantle, and coherence analysis to constrain the elastic thickness of the lithosphere ( T_e ) and the compensation depth of the swell. Depth anomalies and coherence are well simulated with T_e =28–36 km, compensation depth of 40–65 km, and a negative density contrast within the lithosphere of ∼33 kg m⁻³. The density contrast corresponds to a temperature increment of ∼325°C, which we interpret to be partially maintained by a low-viscosity convective layer in the lowermost lithosphere, and which probably involves the shallower parts of the asthenosphere. This interpretation does not require a significant rejuvenation of the mechanical properties of the lithosphere.     

Unified numerical study of shallow foundation on structured soft clay under unconsolidated and consolidated-undrained loadings

Abstract

Based on a new elasto-plastic constitutive model, this paper presents a soil–water coupled numerical prediction of the bearing capacity for shallow foundation constructed on Ballina soft clay for unconsolidated undrained (UU) and consolidated undrained (CU) conditions. This elasto-plastic constitutive Shanghai model has an advantage of describing the mechanical behaviour of over-consolidated and structured soil under different loading and drainage conditions, by using one set of material parameter. In this paper, the Shanghai model used for both UU and CU conditions has the same initial parameters obtained from laboratory test results. The loading conditions and consolidation stages vary based on construction details. The predicted bearing pressure-settlement responses for UU and CU, approves the field observation. The phenomenon of gaining the bearing capacity due to consolidation is captured and explained by the use of soil–water coupled numerical analysis with a new elasto-plastic model. The stress strain behaviour, stress paths and the decay of the structure of elements at different depths presented in this study, reveal the mechanism for the difference between UU and CU conditions to understand the foundation behaviour. Effect of the initial degree of soil structure on the bearing capacity is also addressed. Overall, this approach provides the integrated solution for the shallow foundation design problems under short and long-term loadings.     

海洋平台隔水套管群桩性状的研究

海洋平台的隔水套管群桩与土共同作用研究是一个很复杂的课题,目前国内外研究资料甚少,因此在平台导管架设计中,一般不考虑隔水套管群桩承受水平力作用,这与实际不相符合。本文结合工程课题,在调查研究和模型试验的基础上,对隔水套管群桩在水平力作用下的工作性状与破坏机理、群桩的水平力及其主要影响因素、单桩与群桩情况下应力应变关系等方面进行较深入的研究;并提出砂土地基隔水套管群桩效应经验公式,弥补了现行计算方法的缺陷和不足。研究成果可供工程设计参考使用。     

Theoretical estimates of intrinsic galaxy alignment

It has recently been argued that the observed ellipticities of galaxies may be determined at least in part by the primordial tidal gravitational field in which the galaxy formed. Long-range correlations in the tidal field could thus lead to an ellipticity–ellipticity correlation for widely separated galaxies. We present a new model relating ellipticity to angular momentum, which can be calculated in linear theory. We use this model to calculate the angular power spectrum of intrinsic galaxy shape correlations. We show that, for low-redshift galaxy surveys, our model predicts that intrinsic correlations will dominate correlations induced by weak lensing, in good agreement with previous theoretical work and observations. We find that our model produces ' E -mode' correlations enhanced by a factor of 3.5 over B -modes on small scales, making it harder to disentangle intrinsic correlations from those induced by weak gravitational lensing.     

紫色丘陵区不同侵蚀沉积地段土壤结构特征

以中国科学院盐亭紫色土农业生态试验站小流域为例，研究不同土壤侵蚀沉积地段（斜坡和沟谷不同部位）的土壤结构特征，以了解侵蚀沉积对土壤结构的影响。结果表明，在植被覆盖较好的坡体顶部，土壤侵蚀较弱，团聚度达到30．1％，MWD变化为3．4mm，土壤结构良好；沟谷底部由于沉积而有较多细土物质并具有适宜的水分条件，有利于土壤团聚体的形成，结构状况亦较好，团聚度达到50．3％，结构保持率为35．4％；而坡腰侵蚀较严重，团聚度仅为13．6％，结构保持率为14．1％，土壤结构状况较差。     

不同带宽的防风固沙林流场结构及防风效能风洞实验

林带宽度是防风固沙林建植时要考虑的基本参数,研究不同带宽林带的防护效果对防风固沙林配置及构建具有重要的指导意义。通过风洞模拟实验,在7、10、15 m·s^-1风速条件下,对单行一带（Ⅰ型）、三行一带（Ⅱ型）、六行一带（Ⅲ型）和九行一带（Ⅳ型）共4种带宽的林带的迎风面、带中和背风面的风速进行了测定,分析了4种林带的风速流场、风速加速率和防风效果。结果表明：（1）4种林带流场结构和垂直风速变化规律相似,沿来风向均形成了林带上方和迎风面林缘附近的小范围高风速区及其后的风影区相互组合的流场结构;依据风速垂直变化规律划分为上部变化层（高度30~60 cm,受林带的影响最小）、中间变化层（高度5~20 cm,风速受林冠遮蔽作用,影响最大,且为风影区形成层）和近床面变化层（高度1~3 cm）。（2）4种林带在垂直纵剖面上的平均风速加速率随林带宽度的增大而减小,即Ⅰ型（0.90） > Ⅱ型（0.87） > Ⅲ型（0.79） > Ⅳ型（0.78）。（3）4种林带的防风效果为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型林带相同,Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型林带相同,后2种林带的防风效果优于前2种林带,且4种林带的防风效能均随着风速的增大而减小。     

2021年滦州MS4.3地震和2015年昌黎MS4.2地震震源参数及构造意义研究

基于京津冀地震台网观测资料,利用CAP方法反演滦州M_S4.3地震、昌黎M_S4.2地震及其M_S3.3余震的震源机制,并利用近震深度震相获得更为准确的震源深度,结合双差定位法获得2个地震序列的震源分布结果,对发震构造及成因关联开展分析研究。结果显示：1）滦州M_S4.3地震的节面Ⅰ走向、倾角、滑动角分别为211°、85°、168°,节面Ⅱ分别为302°、78°、5°,震源错动类型为走滑型,震源深度为8 km,地震序列的震源分布呈NNE向,短轴剖面显示断层面倾角近垂直,认为其发震断层面为节面Ⅰ;昌黎M_S4.2地震及M_S3.3余震的节面Ⅰ分别为189°、68°、161°及190°、61°、170°,节面Ⅱ分别为286°、72°、23°及285°、81°、29°,震源错动类型同为走滑型,震源深度为10.5 km,地震序列的震源分布呈NNE向,短轴剖面显示断层面倾角近垂直,认为其发震断层面为节面Ⅰ;2）基于滦州M_S4.3地震、昌黎M_S4.2地震及滦州M_S7.1地震的震源参数结果,结合区域地质构造等资料分析认为,3次地震的发震构造不是上地壳先存断裂,而可能与震源区的深部构造背景密切相关,即壳内包体现象是孕育这些地震的共同基础。     

The SFR and IMF of the galactic disk

There is a long term dynamical heating of stellar populations with age observed in the age – velocity dispersion – relation (AVR). This effect allows a determination of the star formation history SFR(t) from local kinematical data of main sequence stars. Using a self-consistent disk model for the vertical structure of the disk, we find from the kinematics of the stars in the solar neighbourhood that the SFR shows a moderate star burst about 10 Gyr ago followed by a continuous decline to the present day value consistent with the observed number of OB stars. The gravitational potential of the gas component and of the Dark Matter Halo is included and the effect of chemical enrichment, finite lifetime of the stars and mass loss of the stellar component are taken into account. The scale heights for main sequence stars together with the SFR is then used to determine constistently the IMF from the observed local luminosity function. The main new result is that the power law break in the present day mass function (PDMF) around 1 M _⊙ is entirely due to evolutionary effects of the disk and does not appear in the IMF. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.