基于GIS的化学品管道输送监控预警系统研究与开发

管道输送以其效率高、成本低等优势在化工企业与园区中得到广泛应用。管道输送的规范管理和安全监控是管道高效安全运行的基础保障。本研究根据天津临港工业区管廊数据管理和管道泄漏检测的实际需求,设计开发了化学品管道输送监控预警系统,将GIS技术和泄漏检测模型有机集成,实现了数据的统一管理和综合查询、管道运行的远程监控和管道泄漏检测及空间定位等功能,可有效提高管廊系统日常管理效率和事故决策分析水平。系统以方案的形式组织管理所有数据,可适用于其他地区管廊的监控管理,具有较好的可推广性。     

基于期望值模型的注水管网摩阻因数反演

为对油田注水管网摩阻因数进行反演求解,将注水管网节点部分未知压力设为随机参数,建立注水管网管道摩阻因数反演的一类随机优化模型———期望值模型;给出利用随机模拟技术和遗传算法求解期望值优化模型的数值方法.通过对理想注水管网进行反演求解,验证模型的合理性和算法的可行性.     

快速下套管抽采瓦斯技术在新庄孜煤矿中的应用

阐述了快速下套管抽采瓦斯技术原理、施工设备、施工工艺及注意事项。并介绍了快速下套管抽采瓦斯技术在安徽淮南新庄孜矿松软突出煤层顺层抽采瓦斯钻孔中的应用情况。     

钢管桩单桩复合地基加固隧道软土地基试验研究

为了对宝兰客运专线王家沟隧道软弱地基进行加固处理,并了解加固后的桩基受力状态,通过现场试验及数值模拟,研究钢管桩单桩复合地基的荷载沉降特性及钢管桩轴力、桩侧摩阻力以及桩身弯矩的变化规律。研究结果表明:由现场试验所得的P-s(荷载-位移)、s-lgt(位移-时间的对数)以及s-lgp(位移-荷载的对数)曲线没有明显可以确定极限承载力的特征点,根据规范采取控制沉降的方式给出极限承载力特征值为200 kPa,并可以此作为设计依据。根据数值模拟中钢管桩的总沉降量以及荷载沉降"归一化曲线",数值模拟可以作为现场试验的必要补充。数值模拟结果显示:桩身轴力呈"D"状分布,最大值为59.8 kN;在距桩顶2 m桩长范围内有负摩阻力产生,其余部位均为正摩阻力,负摩阻力最大值约为130 kPa,正摩阻力最大值约为50 kPa,且桩身中性点并不唯一;桩身上部有弯矩产生,但数值很小,对钢管桩稳定性的影响可以忽略。     

岩溶地区桥墩桩基钢护筒变形加固处治技术

本文以大王山矿坑工程中桥墩桩基钢护筒变形事故为研究背景,通过理论分析与现场实际相结合,展开了岩溶地区桥墩桩基础钢护筒变形处治与力学分析研究,其主要研究结论如下：（1）桩钢护筒变形处理采用气切割钢护筒和千斤顶孔内校正变形法,并以内支撑、C30高流态混凝土填充、注浆加固辅佐;（2）型钢内撑采用80 mm×80 mm×2.5 mm矩形钢管,环向布置分为3个三角形,竖向设置间距以0.5 m为最优;（3）桩周预埋8根注浆小导管以及4根小导管向上倾斜插入溶洞内注浆,注浆加固效果明显;（4）气切割法逐层切割,每层切割高度50 cm,环向划分为3块进行切割,并用2 cm厚钢板弯制成2个半圆,焊接封闭成环。本项目研究内容可为类似工程提供理论和实践支持。     

华能岳阳电厂泵房取水头部水下施工测量

文章通过该工程泵房取水头部水下施工过程,简述水下施工测量方法。     

地热井U 型管周围土壤温度场的ANSYS 模拟

埋管换热器和岩土的传热是个复杂过程,利用有限元仿真分析两者的传热过程是有效的办法。通过与单井二维模型的对比分析,建立二维群井传热模型,模型为9 口间距为4 m 的储热井,模型传热过程遵循经典传热理论。按照ANSYS 网格划分原则,将求解区域划分为最大边长0. 1 m,最小边长 0. 01 m 的单元。在地埋管内侧加载热流密度,外边界加载地温边界条件,经过模拟72 h 的储热过程,精确得出群井周围岩土体的温度场变化规律,求解区域最高温度为40. 263℃,最低温度为10℃,影响半径约1. 4 m,温度的升高幅度会减缓,并得到了温度及热量迁徙的规律。模拟结果与实际测量结果相符。     

1000 m long gas blow-out pipes

This study presents seismic observation of pipe anomalies from offshore Nigeria, outcrops of blow-out pipes from Rhodes, Greece, and geophysical modelling of an acoustic pipe. The studies give insight into how pipes form, their internal structure, the seismic image and geophysical artefacts related to the pipes. Over one hundred seafloor craters, 100 m-700 m wide and up to 30 m deep, have been observed on the seafloor offshore Nigeria. They are underlain by interpreted cones and seismic pipe anomalies that can be traced down to reservoir zones at 1000 m-1300 m below the seafloor. The seismic pipe anomalies are 50 m-150 m wide and almost vertical. They are interpreted as up-scaled pipes found in outcrops on Rhodes, Greece. The outcrops show pipe-related structures at three levels. Lowest, the reservoir rock contains metre-sized cavities which are filled with a mixture of clay derived from the overlying cap rock. In the middle, several circular to oval structures in plane view of pipes are observed in the lowest part of the cap rock. Highest, 15 m into the clay cap rock, strongly sheared country rock forms circular structures with a core of structureless clay. Based on outcrop observation on Rhodes we constructed an acoustic model of a 50 m wide and 1000 m long pipe. Seismic modelling proves that such pipes would be expressed in seismic data, that they are similar to the seismic pipe anomalies offshore Nigeria but this study also revealed that prominent intra-pipe reflections are artefacts. A formation model for the pipes is suggested: High fluid overpressure in the reservoir generated hydro fractures from the reservoir to seafloor where a mixture of gas and fluid flowed at high speed to form pipes, cones and seafloor craters. After hours to weeks of gas and fluid flow through the pipe the pore pressure in the reservoir dropped and the blow-out terminated. Muddy slurry fell back and plugged the cavity in the reservoir and the pipe.     

Effect of air mobility in a soil pipe on water flow through a model hillslope after pipe clogging

Soil pipes (continuous macropores expanding laterally in the soil subsurface) are a key factor controlling hillslope water cycles and sediment transport. Soil pipes usually enhance slope stability under rainfall events through their high water drainage ability, and pipe clogging by sediments is regarded as a risk for slope failure. In this study, we conducted a bench-scale pipe clogging experiment to clarify the effect of air mobility in soil pipes on water flow and water pressure build-up in the slope at the clogged point. Before pipe clogging, the soil pipe drained rainwater effectively and lowered the groundwater table. After the pipe clogging event, the mobility of air in the soil pipe before the clogging determined the water flow in the slope. When the air in the soil pipe connected to the atmosphere and moved freely, the water level in the soil pipe increased at the pipe clogging, and water pressure build-up was limited near the pipe outlet. On the other hand, when air in the soil pipe was entrapped by the clogging, water pressure suddenly increased, and the groundwater table of the whole slope rose correspondingly. This study clearly demonstrated the importance of pipe morphology with respect to air connectivity between the pipe and atmosphere to elucidate the water flow and slope stability during the pipe clogging event. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

热液流体泵吸上侵管流动力学模拟及其预测意义

地球流体相在各种地质过程中的行为和作用 ,是地球物质科学的核心课题。通过对山西义兴寨脉状金矿热液流体上侵动力学的模拟计算证明 ,构造泵吸驱动的矿液流动具有有压管流的性质 ,并探索引入柏努利方程对其流动状态进行描述。论证了地质流体因其性质和所处地质环境的不同 ,可划分为多孔介质中的渗流和较宽阔裂隙中的管流 (流动 )两种。赋存于地壳中深部或由岩浆冷却分异形成的成矿流体 ,在张剪性断裂活动中 ,主要由构造泵吸机制驱使其上侵成矿。热液在相对封闭 (未喷出地表 )的较宽阔的断裂系统中受应力驱动上侵流动 ,其性质接近于流体力学中的有压管流 ,可以用柏努利方程进行描述。推导出了描述热液管流上侵动力学特征的柏努利方程关系式 ,表明热液的流速与所处构造压力差、流体的性质 (温度和密度等 ) ,以及流动通道的结构特征有关。对义兴寨脉状金矿进行的计算结果证明 ,热液上侵流速场的空间变化与金矿化分布格局相吻合 ,流体的高流速地段指示含矿石英脉密集区 ,因此具有成矿预测意义。针对热液管流上侵过程建立的动力学总方程中 ,每一个变量都有明确的地质意义 ,并可以在矿区实际测量 ;绘制的几组理论关系曲线有助于具体分析各种地质和地球化学条件对成矿的控制作用。