资源三号影像无(稀少)控制下的绝对定位技术

从提高卫星影像在稀少控制点下的定位精度出发,本文构建了卫星影像的RPC模型、像方偏差模型和区域网平差数学模型。在无地面控制点时,利用最小二乘算法解算时迭代难以收敛,采用LM(LEVENBERGMARQUARDT)算法时可以解决这一问题,但难以提高平差后的绝对定位精度。在一个地面控制点时,利用35个连接点,采用LM算法进行无控制点下的自由网平差,再用一个控制点进行误差改正。试验证明,对比直接进行RPC模型区域网平差和误差改正,本文方法能取得较好的定位精度。     

一种快速解算高维模糊度的LLL分块处理算法

由于多频多模GNSS观测数据解算的模糊度具有较高的维数和精度,当采用常规的LLL算法进行模糊度整数估计时,规约耗时显著大于搜索耗时,成为限制高维模糊度解算计算效率的主要因素。针对这一问题,通过分析规约耗时与模糊度维数和精度之间的关系,提出了一种LLL分块处理算法。该算法通过对模糊度方差协方差阵进行分块处理,降低单个规约矩阵的维数,以减少规约耗时,从而提高模糊度解算计算效率。通过两组实测高维模糊度数据对本文提出的分块处理算法进行了效果验证。结果显示,当分块选择合理时,本文提出的算法相对于LLL算法的解算效率分别可提高65.2%和60.2%。     

大范围倾斜多视影像连接点自动提取的区域网平差法

提出了一种大范围倾斜多视影像自动连接点提取和光束法区域网平差算法。首先利用POS数据对倾斜影像进行矫正并预测候选像对,使用SIFT特征进行影像匹配;然后利用并查集数据结构实现多视影像间连接点对应关系的快速确定;最后将POS数据和控制点数据作为带权观测值进行平差解算。选取3种典型的倾斜相机系统(组装轻量级倾斜相机、国产SWDC-5相机、微软UltraCam相机)进行了试验,结果表明,本文算法能够适应国内外流行的倾斜摄影系统,且一次性可处理的影像数目超过2000张;在相同条件下倾斜影像光束法区域网平差的整体精度优于传统垂直摄影情形,实际精度可以达到水平方向0.75 GSD,高程方向2.0GSD。     

SRTM约束的无地面控制立体影像区域网平差

针对SRTM(shuttle radar topography mission)数据在平坦地形或局部区域的高程精度远远高于其标称精度的特点,研究设计了一种无地面控制条件下利用SRTM作为高程约束的立体区域网平差方法。通过构建一个较大范围区域网并匹配密集连接点,将SRTM作为连接点物方高程初值,并在平差解算过程中确保分布于地形平坦区域(根据经验,在该类区域SRTM精度较高)的连接点的物方高程严格趋近SRTM高程,最终实现大范围区域内影像高程精度的整体提升。通过以覆盖湖北省全境的资源三号卫星三线阵立体影像作为试验影像的试验验证表明,采用该平差方案,在无地面控制点条件下资源三号立体影像的高程中误差从7.2m提升到2.0m,其中地形平坦区域高程中误差1.44m,山地区域高程中误差3.0m,达到了我国1∶25 000比例尺测图应用的高程精度要求。     

中扬子二叠系碳酸盐岩定量岩相模式

以迭代因子分析、FPFS——模糊聚类、模糊识别为主体,构成了包括变量的选取、定量岩相模式的建立、岩相的定量识别等一套定量岩相分析的数学方法;用该方法对京山、崇阳两条实测剖面的岩相数据进行处理,得到了中扬子二叠系碳酸盐岩定量岩相模式,该模式也包括7个相带,与地质上的7个亚相一致。     

塔里木盆地两种重要的圈闭型式及其与喜山期油气关系

在塔里木盆地众多的圈闭类型中，中生界披覆背斜圈闭和以下古生界为主的断块潜山（或潜山）圈闭是最重要的两种高产圈闭型式，此两种圈闭均主要形成于中生代，它们所富集的油气均主要是喜山期以来生成的油气。披覆背斜圈闭封闭样多为单封闭层整合型，而断块潜山（或潜山）圈闭封闭样成式为不整合型（其中许多尚属多封闭层圈闭），故从理论上看，中生界披覆背斜圈闭封闭和储聚油气能力要优于古生界断块潜山（或潜山）圈闭，塔北勘探实     

珍珠质水溶性基质蛋白的分离纯化及其对碳酸钙结晶的影响

珍珠质是由大于95％的碳酸钙晶体与少量有机大分子组成的生物矿化产物。其中含量小于5％的基质蛋白(mattix protein)对碳酸钙晶体的形成进行严格控制。为深入研究珍珠质基质蛋白对碳酸钙结晶的调控作用，本研究利用水提法从合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)珍珠质中提取出水溶性基质(Water Soluble Matrix,WSM)，并利用反相HPLC分离得到3个主要蛋白组分(FⅠ—Ⅲ)。氨基酸组成分析表明，WSM及其3种组分富含甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸与亮氨酸。体外饱和碳酸钙溶液结晶实验表明，WSM能显著影响体外碳酸钙晶体的形成；其3种组分对碳酸钙晶体形成的作用并不相同：组分FⅠ和组分FⅡ加速晶体的形成。而组分Ⅲ则抑制晶体的形成。本研究首次发现在珍珠质中同时存在抑制和促进晶体形成的两种蛋白质因子，推测珍珠质致密有序结构的形成是正、负两种调控机制共同作用的结果。     

Geochemical and textural properties of carbonate and terrigenous sediments along the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba

The physicochemical properties of 21 marine sediment samples were investigated, collected from five different localities along the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. According to the chemical parameters, sediments were categorized into three groups: carbonate (80% CaCO₃), composed mainly of materials of calcareous skeletal structures; terrigenous (<10% CaCO₃) depositional areas for land-derived materials from surrounding rocks and alluviums; and a admixture of the first two (19–37% CaCO₃). High significant linear correlations were found between organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN), indicating the occurrence of these components in a common phase (organic matter). Despite the co-occurrence of TP in organic matter, these two elements were negatively correlated, indicating anthropogenic sources of pollution such as phosphate exportation (hotel areas and clinker port sites) and industrial activities (industrial complex site). The study found that variations in texture properties and mud contents were due to differences in sediment sources, topography and their response during currents and waves. The finer, well-sorted sediments contain lower elemental concentrations of OC, calcium carbonate and TN (excluding TP) than coarser, poorly-sorted sediments.     

云贵高原红土性风化壳定年对象--锰结核的基础研究

以野外剖面调查为基础，结合物理学、地球化学、矿物学和同位素年代学手段和方法，对云贵高原红土性风化壳中可资定年的对象——锰结核的产出状态、内部构造、地球化学特征、矿物组成及锰结核全岩的^40K／^40Ar定年进行了探索性研究，为解决我国风化壳的发育年龄奠定基础。研究结果表明：锰结核的形成晚于其赋存介质(风化壳)的生成；在风化壳中，锰结核的内部构造以(准)同心圆状构造为主；结核形成过程中发生了MnO和Fe2O3的富集，其中以MnO的富集较为显著；并且Fe、Mn分布具有较明显的负相关关系；锰结核中K2O含量明显高于CaO、MgO及Na2O，但K和Mn不存在明确的相关关系；结核中次生锰氧化物的主要存在形式为锰钡矿；锰结核的全岩^40K／^40Ar定年结果是一混合年龄，其不具有明确的地质意义；造成这一结果的主要原因在于锰结核是由不同时期、多种矿物构成的复杂集合体。     

Seismic and sequence stratigraphy of the central western continental margin of India: late-Quaternary evolution

Seismic and sequence stratigraphic architecture of the central western continental margin of India (between Coondapur and south of Mangalore) has been investigated with shallow seismic data. Seismic stratigraphic analysis defined nine seismic units, that are configured in a major type-1 depositional sequence possibly related to fourth-order eustatic sea-level changes, comprising regressive, lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. The late-Quaternary evolution of the continental margin took place under the influence of an asymmetric relative fourth-order sea-level cycle punctuated by higher frequency cycles. These cycles of minor order were characterised by rapid sea-level rises and gradual sea-level falls that generated depositional sequences spanning different time scales. During the regressive periods, dipping strata were developed, while erosional surfaces and incised valleys were formed during the lowstands of sea level. Terraces, v-shaped depressions, lagoon-like structures observed on the outer continental shelf are the result of the transgressive period. In the study area we have recognised a complex erosional surface that records a long time span during the relative sea-level fall (regressive period) and the following sea-level lowstand and has been reworked during the last transgression. We also infer that sedimentation processes changed from siliciclastic sedimentation to carbonate sedimentation and again to siliciclastic sedimentation, marking an important phase in the late-Quaternary evolution of the western continental shelf of India. We attribute this to an abrupt climate change at the end of the oxygen isotope stage 2, between the Last Glacial Maximum and the Bølling-Allerod event (14?000 yr BP). This sensitive climate change (warming) favoured the formation of reefs at various depths on the shelf, besides the development of Fifty Fathom Flat, a carbonate platform on the outer shelf off Bombay developed prior to 8300 yr BP. The highstand systems tracts were deposited after the sea level reached its present position.