微量金化学光谱法标准系列配制及活性炭处理的改进

对微量金化学光谱法中活性炭自理及标准系列配制的方法进行了探索,改进了微量金化学光谱法活性炭处理及标准系列配制。将该法配制的标准系列应用于微量金化光谱测定,提高了分析结果的准确度。用标准试样分析及原子吸收（ＡＡＳ）法验证,结果与标准值及ＡＡＳ法相符。     

贵州中三叠统烂泥沟金矿有机质的初步研究

烂泥沟金矿是以浊积岩为容矿岩石的微细浸染型金矿。有机岩石学分析表明,矿石与围岩中干酪根类型无明显差别,同属腐泥-腐植型。与围岩相比,矿石中干酪根成熟度(R0=2.74%-3.06%)和含金性(6.15-24.8μg/g)均较高;干酪根总含金量在全岩中所占的比例是围岩高于矿石。氯仿沥青“A”的检测说明,矿石样品中可溶性有机质形成于强还原和高盐度环境,沥青质和含硫有机化合物发育。研究认为,干酪根含金性与碳的活化有关;不饱和的有机基因对金的动一定转换可能具有重要意义。     

岩溶缝洞充填物碳氧同位素特征及环境意义——以塔河油田奥陶系鹰山组为例

塔河油田奥陶系鹰山组岩溶缝洞是该地区主要的碳酸盐岩储层,弄清岩溶缝洞充填物特征有利于寻找最优储集体,对该区石油地质研究具有重要意义。通过对塔河油田31口钻井岩心观察、描述和充填物类型统计,选取7口典型钻井奥陶系鹰山组岩溶缝洞充填物取样,并对充填物样品δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O进行测试分析。结果表明：（1）充填物碳氧同位素变化范围较大,δ¹³C为0.75‰~−10.14‰,δ¹⁸O为−5.94‰~−14.14‰。（2）奥陶系鹰山组岩溶缝洞充填物存在4中不同类型的形成环境：同生期或早期成岩岩溶环境、风化壳岩溶环境、埋藏岩溶环境、较晚期岩溶环境。该研究成果对古岩溶型油气储层研究及油气勘探具有重要意义。     

桂林典型岩溶峰丛洼地碳储量功能研究

为了揭示不同发展模式下土地利用变化对碳储量的影响,以桂林市阳朔县兴坪镇西塘村的岩溶峰丛洼地为对象,采用InVEST模型对岩溶峰丛洼地的碳储量进行评估,并模拟2种情境（生态保护模式、经济发展模式）下植被类型对碳储量的影响。结果表明：研究区碳储量总量是16 641.68 t,碳密度是221.30 t·hm⁻²,经济总价值是1 997.00 万元,单位面积价值是26.56 万元·hm⁻²;人工林、自然林、经济林生态系统碳储量分别是339.38 t·hm⁻²、261.79 t·hm⁻²、150.34 t·hm⁻²,经济价值分别是40.72 万元·hm⁻²、31.42万元·hm⁻²、18.04万元·hm⁻²,且土壤碳储量是生态系统中最大碳库;自然林和经济林中土壤是最大的碳汇,而人工林中土壤和地上植被的碳汇较大;生态保护模式下研究区碳储量经济价值是2 252.14 万元,相比于现状增加了254.89 万元;经济发展模式下研究区碳储量经济价值是1 595.30 万元,相比于现状损失了401.95 万元。该研究成果为桂林漓江风景名胜区核心景区和桂林喀斯特世界自然遗产地确定未来发展模式和石漠化治理提供参考。     

普光气藏长兴-飞仙关组碳酸盐岩C、O同位素、微量元素分析及古环境意义

以普光气藏普光2、6井为研究对象,取其长兴—飞仙关组116个白云岩样品,分析C、O同位素及微量元素特征,判断古海水盐度,并与沉积特征相结合,研究其沉积环境。分析得d13C与盐度Z呈正相关关系。普光2井飞仙关组一段、二段—飞仙关组三段,盐度及d13C、Sr、P、Ti、Mn值呈逐渐增大的趋势,沉积相经边缘浅滩—潮坪的演化进程。飞仙关组一段、二段时期,其d13C及Sr、P、Ti、Mn值较低、d13C波动小,反映海平面变化不大,且遭到淡水的冲淋,导致盐度降低;飞仙关组三段时期,处于潮坪环境, 气候干燥炎热,淡水不断地被大量蒸发,其结果导致盐度增大,d13C及Sr、P、Ti、Mn值增高,在此期间海平面变化较明显,造成d13C波动较大。碳同位素值在长兴组末期发生突降,其原因可能是在二叠纪末, 大量狭盐生物死亡而造成的。     

2022—2023年中国煤炭产业经济形势研究报告

富油煤热解重质焦油制备石墨化泡沫材料是富油煤资源高值化利用的方式之一。

为探究不同反应条件与泡沫炭性能的联系从而制备高性能泡沫炭材料,以重质焦油制备中间相沥青为前驱体,采用高温自发泡法制备泡沫炭。考察不同反应温度、升温速率和反应压力对煤焦油基泡沫炭性能的影响,最后进行Box-Behnken响应面设计实验建立二次多项回归方程,揭示泡沫炭孔隙率、导热系数与反应条件的关系。

结果表明：反应温度、升温速率和反应压力对煤焦油基泡沫炭性能有显著影响。泡沫炭孔隙率的最优值为72.8%,对应的条件为温度559 ℃、压力0.48 MPa、升温速率9 ℃/min,影响因素温度>压力>升温速率;泡沫炭导热系数最优值为0.219 W/(m·K),对应的条件为温度549 ℃、压力2 MPa、升温速率3.9 ℃/min,影响因素升温速率>压力>温度。经过响应面模型优化后的工艺参数可制备具有良好孔隙率及导热性的泡沫炭材料,为提升富油煤热解效率提供新方案。

     

碳中和目标下关键矿产在清洁能源转型中的作用、供需分析及其建议

在"碳中和"目标的驱动下,全球能源系统向清洁化、低碳化甚至无碳化发展已是大势所趋.针对向清洁能源转型的需求,采用了统计对比、分类汇总、综合分析等方法,分析研究了关键矿产在电池、电网、低碳发电和氢能等行业中的作用和需求.结合当前关键矿产产量的地理集中度高、项目开发周期长、资源质量下降等矿产供应和投资计划不能满足清洁能源转...     

2000—2020年我国西南地区植被NEP时空变化及其驱动因素的相对贡献

植被碳汇是露天煤矿生态环境评价的重要指标,精确反演植被碳汇并进行准确分级对探索矿区生态修复至关重要。为此,提出一种基于粒子群优化算法的露天煤矿植被碳汇分级方法。基于Landsat遥感影像和气象数据,采用光能利用率模型,反演出内蒙古胜利一号露天煤矿区2005—2020年间排土场的植被碳汇时空分布;通过构建目标函数并迭代计算,获取了该区植被理想光能利用率、最佳气温和降水条件,量化并建立了植被碳汇分级标准;对不同时期各个排土场的植被碳汇结果进行分级,并对分级面积和占比的时空变化进行分析。结果表明：(1) 2005—2020年间研究区植被固碳能力呈上升趋势,年均增长值和增长率分别为1.43 gC/(m²·a)和6.97%。(2) 各排土场生态修复后,植被碳汇值大幅提高,极高和高植被碳汇区面积不断扩大。(3) 排土场生态修复效果存在差异,南北排土场表现最佳,沿帮次之,内排土场相对较差。到2020年南、北排土场极高植被碳汇区面积分别达0.94和0.92 km²,占比为92%和94%;沿帮排土场极高和高植被碳汇区面积达3.64 km²,占比66%;内排土场极高植被碳汇区面积增长至1.22 km²,占比达31%;2020年南、北和沿帮排土场已不存在极低植被碳汇区。研究成果不仅为露天煤矿生态环境评估提供了重要的数据支持,也为矿区生态修复策略制定提供了科学依据。

     

The importance of sewage effluent discharge in the export of dissolved organic carbon from U.K. rivers

The flux of fluvial carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the world's oceans is known to be an important component of the global carbon cycle, but within this pathway, the flux and return of carbon to the river network via sewage effluent has not been quantified. In this study, monitoring data from 2000 to 2016 for the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand of the final effluent of sewage treatment works from across England were examined to assess the amount of DOC contributing to national‐scale fluvial fluxes of carbon. The study shows that the median concentration of DOC in final effluent was 9.4 compared with 4.8 mg C/L for all surface waters for the United Kingdom over the study period and that the DOC in final effluent significantly declined over the study period from 11.0 to 6.4 mg C/L. Rivers receiving sewage effluent showed a significant, on average 19%, increase in DOC concentration downstream of sewage discharges. At the scale of the United Kingdom, the flux of DOC in final effluent was 31 ktonnes C/year with a per capita export of 0.55 kg C/year and compared with an average annual flux of DOC from the United Kingdom of 859 ktonnes C/year, that is, only 3.6% of national‐scale flux. The lability of this DOC was limited, with only 7.4% loss of final effluent DOC concentration over in‐stream residence times of up to 5 days. The direct decline in DOC concentration from sewage treatment works was not large enough on its own to explain the declines observed in DOC concentration in U.K. rivers at their tidal limit.     

Subduction metamorphism of serpentinite‐hosted carbonates beyond antigorite‐serpentinite dehydration (Nevado‐Filábride Complex,Spain)

At sub‐arc depths, the release of carbon from subducting slab lithologies is mostly controlled by fluid released by devolatilization reactions such as dehydration of antigorite (Atg‐) serpentinite to prograde peridotite. Here we investigate carbonate–silicate rocks hosted in Atg‐serpentinite and prograde chlorite (Chl‐) harzburgite in the Milagrosa and Almirez ultramafic massifs of the palaeo‐subducted Nevado‐Filábride Complex (NFC, Betic Cordillera, S. Spain). These massifs provide a unique opportunity to study the stability of carbonate during subduction metamorphism at P–T conditions before and after the dehydration of Atg‐serpentinite in a warm subduction setting. In the Milagrosa massif, carbonate–silicate rocks occur as lenses of Ti‐clinohumite–diopside–calcite marbles, diopside–dolomite marbles and antigorite–diopside–dolomite rocks hosted in clinopyroxene‐bearing Atg‐serpentinite. In Almirez, carbonate–silicate rocks are hosted in Chl‐harzburgite and show a high‐grade assemblage composed of olivine, Ti‐clinohumite, diopside, chlorite, dolomite, calcite, Cr‐bearing magnetite, pentlandite and rare aragonite inclusions. These NFC carbonate–silicate rocks have variable CaO and CO₂ contents at nearly constant Mg/Si ratio and high Ni and Cr contents, indicating that their protoliths were variable mixtures of serpentine and Ca‐carbonate (i.e., ophicarbonates). Thermodynamic modelling shows that the carbonate–silicate rocks attained peak metamorphic conditions similar to those of their host serpentinite (Milagrosa massif; 550–600°C and 1.0–1.4 GPa) and Chl‐harzburgite (Almirez massif; 1.7–1.9 GPa and 680°C). Microstructures, mineral chemistry and phase relations indicate that the hybrid carbonate–silicate bulk rock compositions formed before prograde metamorphism, likely during seawater hydrothermal alteration, and subsequently underwent subduction metamorphism. In the CaO–MgO–SiO₂ ternary, these processes resulted in a compositional variability of NFC serpentinite‐hosted carbonate–silicate rocks along the serpentine‐calcite mixing trend, similar to that observed in serpentinite‐hosted carbonate‐rocks in other palaeo‐subducted metamorphic terranes. Thermodynamic modelling using classical models of binary H₂O–CO₂ fluids shows that the compositional variability along this binary determines the temperature of the main devolatilization reactions, the fluid composition and the mineral assemblages of reaction products during prograde subduction metamorphism. Thermodynamic modelling considering electrolytic fluids reveals that H₂O and molecular CO₂ are the main fluid species and charged carbon‐bearing species occur only in minor amounts in equilibrium with carbonate–silicate rocks in warm subduction settings. Consequently, accounting for electrolytic fluids at these conditions slightly increases the solubility of carbon in the fluids compared with predictions by classical binary H₂O–CO₂ fluids, but does not affect the topology of phase relations in serpentinite‐hosted carbonate‐rocks. Phase relations, mineral composition and assemblages of Milagrosa and Almirez (meta)‐serpentinite‐hosted carbonate–silicate rocks are consistent with local equilibrium between an infiltrating fluid and the bulk rock composition and indicate a limited role of infiltration‐driven decarbonation. Our study shows natural evidence for the preservation of carbonates in serpentinite‐hosted carbonate–silicate rocks beyond the Atg‐serpentinite breakdown at sub‐arc depths, demonstrating that carbon can be recycled into the deep mantle.